U-Alban Berg ungumqambi odume kakhulu weSikole Sesibili saseViennese. Nguye obhekwa njengomqambi omusha emculweni wekhulu lamashumi amabili. Umsebenzi kaBerg, owawuthonywe isikhathi sezothando esisekupheleni, walandela isimiso se-atonality kanye ne-dodecaphony. Umculo kaBerg useduze nesiko lomculo uR. Kolisch alibiza ngokuthi "i-Viennese espressivo" (inkulumo).
Umsindo ogcwele izinzwa, izinga eliphezulu lokuvezwa kanye nokufakwa kwezakhiwo ze-tonal kubonisa ukuqanjwa kwakhe. Ukuthanda komqambi kwe-mysticism kanye ne-theosophy kuhlanganiswe nokuhlaziya okunokuqonda nokuhleleke ngokwedlulele. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ezincwadini zakhe zethiyori yomculo.
Iminyaka yobuntwana yomqambi u-Alban Berg
U-Alban Berg wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 9, 1885 eVienna emndenini osezingeni eliphakathi. Ngaphezu kokuthanda kwakhe izincwadi, u-BERG wayemane ethanda umculo. Uyise ungumdayisi wezobuciko nezincwadi, kanti umama wakhe uyimbongi engaziwa. Kwacaca ukuthi kungani ithalente lomfana lokubhala nomculo lakhuthazwa kusukela esemncane. Lapho eneminyaka engu-6, umfana omncane waqashwa uthisha womculo owamfundisa ukudlala upiyano. UBerg wathatha ukufa kukayise ngo-1900 kanzima kakhulu. Ngemva kwalesi sigemegeme waqala ukuhlushwa yisifuba somoya, esamhlupha impilo yakhe yonke. Umqambi waqala imizamo yakhe yokuqala yokuzimela yokuqamba imisebenzi yomculo eneminyaka engu-15.
U-Alban Berg: ukulwa nokucindezeleka
1903 - UBerg wehluleka u-Abitur wakhe futhi uwela ekucindezelekeni. NgoSepthemba, uzama nokuzibulala. Kusukela ngo-1904 wafunda iminyaka eyisithupha no-Arnold Schoenber (1874-1951), owamfundisa ukuzwana nokuqamba. Kwakuyizifundo zomculo ezazikwazi ukwelapha izinzwa zakhe futhi akhohlwe yi-unine. Imisebenzi yokuqala yomphakathi yemisebenzi kaBerg yenzeka ngo-1907 emakhonsathini ezingane zesikole.
Indalo yakhe yokuqala ethi "Izingoma Zokuqala Eziyisikhombisa" (1905-1908) zisalandela ngokucacile amasiko kaR. Schumann noG. Mahler. Kodwa i-sonata yepiyano "V. i-op.1" (1907-1908) yayisivele iqondiswa ukuthuthukiswa kokuqamba kukathisha. Umsebenzi wakhe wokugcina ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaSchoenberg, osekuvele kubonisa ukuzimela okucacile, i-String Quartet, i-Op. 3, eyaqanjwa ngo-1910. Ukwakheka kubonisa ukujiya okungajwayelekile nokuba buthaka koxhumo nokhiye omkhulu omncane.
I-Berg Active Learning
Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, uBerg wafundela ukugcinwa kwamabhuku. Ngo-1906 waqala ukusebenza njenge-accountant. Kodwa-ke, ukuvikeleka kwezezimali kwamvumela ukuthi aphile njengothisha ozimele kamuva. Ngo-1911 washada no-Helena Nachowski. Ngaphezu kohambo olufushane lwebhizinisi, uBerg wayehlale echitha isikhathi kusukela ekwindla kuya entwasahlobo eVienna. Unyaka wonke useCarinthia naseStyria.
Phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala yokuqeqeshwa no-Schoenberg, i-BERG yayiseyisisebenzi sikahulumeni endaweni ephansi ye-Austrian uLieutenant. Futhi kusukela ngo-1906, wazinikela kuphela emculweni. Ngemva kokuba uSchoenberg ehambile eVienna waya eBerlin ngo-1911, u-BERG wasebenzela uthisha wakhe nomeluleki wakhe. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, wenza irejista yokubhala "Harmonielehre" (1911) kanye nomhlahlandlela omuhle kakhulu wokuhlaziya "Gurre-Lieder".
Alban Berg: buyela eVienna
Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu yenkonzo ebuthweni lase-Austrian (1915-1918) kanye nokuphela kweMpi Yezwe I, u-Alban Berg wabuyela eVienna. Lapho wanikezwa ithuba lokuba uthisha e-Association of Private Musical Performances. Yasungulwa ngu-Arnold Schoenberg eminyakeni yakhe esebenzayo yokudala. Kuze kube ngu-1921, uBerg wasebenza lapho, ethuthukisa ubuciko bakhe bomculo. Imisebenzi yokuqala yomqambi ikakhulukazi iqukethe umculo wegumbi kanye nezingoma zepiyano. Zabhalwa zisafunda no-ARNOLD SCHONBERG. I-String Quartet op. 3" (1910). Kubhekwa njengomsebenzi wokuqala obanzi we-atonality.
Kusukela ngo-1920, uBerg uqala umsebenzi ophumelelayo wobuntatheli. Lo msebenzi umlethela udumo nemali enhle. Ngokuyinhloko ubhala ngomculo nomsebenzi wabaqambi bangaleso sikhathi. Ubuntatheli buye badonsa umculi kangangokuthi isikhathi eside akakwazanga ukunquma ukuqhubeka nokuqamba noma ukuzinikela ngokuphelele ekubhaleni umculo.
Umsebenzi kaBerg: isikhathi esisebenzayo
Ngo-1914, uBerg uya eWoyzeck kaGeorg Büchner. Kukhuthaze umqambi kangangokuthi uvele anqume ukubhala owakhe umculo walo mdlalo. Umsebenzi waqedwa ngo-1921 kuphela.
1922 - Ukuncishiswa kwepianoforte "Wojzeck" kushicilelwa ngokuzimela ngosizo lwezezimali luka-Alma Mahler.
1923 - Kusayinwa inkontileka ne-Wiener Universal-Edition, ephinde inyathelise umsebenzi kaBerg wakuqala.
Ngo-1924 - Umboniso wokuqala womhlaba wezingxenye zeWoyzeck eFrankfurt am Main.
Ngo-1925 Ukudalwa kwe-Lyric Suite ye-quartet yeyunithi yezinhlamvu, yaboniswa okokuqala ngomhla ka-8 Januwari 1927 yi-Kolisch Quartet. Umboniso wokuqala womhlaba ka-Erich Kleiber's Woyzeck e-Berlin State Opera.
1926 - I-Woyzeck yenziwa ePrague, ngo-1927 - eLeningrad, ngo-1929 - e-Oldenburg.
U-Berg udlala nombono wokusetha inganekwane ka-Gerhart Hauptmann ethi "Und Pippa tanzt" emculweni.
"Ingoma kaLulu" - Umsebenzi oyingqophamlando kaBerg
Ngo-1928, umqambi wanquma ukubhala umculo weLulu kaFrank Wedekind. Umsebenzi osebenzayo waqala, owathweswa umqhele wempumelelo enkulu. Ngo-1930 uBerg waqokwa njengelungu lePrussian Academy of Arts. Isikhundla sezezimali nodumo kwamvumela ukuthi athenge ikhaya leholide eLake Wörthersee.
Ngo-1933 "Ingoma kaLulu" yaqedwa. Isethulo sakhe sokuqala sanikezelwa kuWebrn ukuhlonipha usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwama-50.
1934 - Ngo-Ephreli, uBerg uqeda ifilimu emfushane ethi "Lulu". Umbukiso wokuqala womhlaba uhlelelwe eBerlin no-Erich Kleiber. NgoNovemba 30, i-Berlin State Opera isingathe umboniso wokuqala wemisebenzi yomculo we-symphonic evela ku-opera Lulu ka-Erich Kleiber.
Iminyaka yokugcina yokudala
1935 - ikhefu emsebenzini ku-opera "Lulu". Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti, uBerg usebenzela ukuqamba ikhonsathi yevayolini ethi "Inkumbulo Yengelosi" kaManon Gropius, indodakazi eshonile ka-Alma Mahler. Lo msebenzi onezingxenye ezimbili, ohlukaniswe ngama-tempos ahlukene, ulandela izinhloso zengqikithi ye-requiem. Njengekhonsathi eyedwa, lena ikhonsathi yokuqala esekelwe ekusetshenzisweni okungaguquki kochungechunge olulodwa lwamathoni ayishumi nambili. U-Alban Berg akaphileli ukubona i-premiere ngo-Ephreli 19, 1936 e-Barcelona.
UBerg akakwazanga ukuqeda i-opera yakhe yesibili, uLulu, kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Umqambi wase-Austrian uFriedrich Cerha wengeza isenzo sesi-3, futhi inguqulo ye-3-act yenziwa okokuqala ngo-24 February 1979 eParis.
Ngo-1936, ikhonsathi ye-violin yaqala ukuboniswa e-Barcelona nomdlali wevayolini uLouis Krasner kanye nomqhubi uHermann Scherchen.
NgoDisemba 24, 1935, uBerg ubulawa yi-furunculosis endaweni yakubo yaseVienna.
