U-Alexander Borodin ungumqambi nososayensi waseRussia. Lokhu kungomunye wabantu ababaluleke kakhulu eRussia ngekhulu le-19. Wayengumuntu othuthuke ngokuphelele owakwazi ukuthola izinto ezitholakala emkhakheni we-chemistry. Ukuphila kwesayensi akuzange kuvimbele uBorodin ekwenzeni umculo. U-Alexander waqamba ama-opera ambalwa abalulekile neminye imisebenzi yomculo.
Ubuntwana nobusha
Usuku lokuzalwa lukaMaestro lungoNovemba 12, 1833. Elinye iqiniso elingenakunakwa ukuthi wayeyindodana engekho emthethweni kaLuka Gedevanishvili kanye nentombazane ye-serf. Ubaba ophilayo akazange abone umfana, ngakho enkantolo u-Alexander wayebhekwa njenge-serf evamile.
Umfana wakhuliswa usingayise uPorfiry Borodin, kanye nomkakhe uTatyana. Lapho uLuka esezophila, wayala ukuba uTatiana nendodana yakhe banikezwe inkululeko. Wahlela ikusasa lika-Alexander futhi wethula indlu emndenini ongaziwa.
U-Borodin wayengenalo ilungelo lokufunda esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme, ngakho umfana wathatha ngokuzimela ukutadisha ikharikhulamu yesikole. Kusukela esemncane, u-Alexander omncane wabonisa isithakazelo emculweni. Ikakhulukazi, wayenekhono elithile lokuqamba.
Lapho eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, uBorodin waqamba umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala - ucezu lomdanso. Umfana wezwa izimpendulo eziningi ezinhle ngomsebenzi wakhe, ngakho ngentshiseko enkulu wathatha ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsimbi zomculo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kakade eneminyaka engu-13, u-Alexander waqamba ucezu lwekhonsathi olugcwele ngokugcwele.
Ezifundweni zomculo, ukuzilibazisa kukaBorodin akuzange kuphele. Wayedweba kahle, futhi wayezibandakanya nobuciko obusetshenziswayo. Enye i-hobby eqinile yomfana kwakuyi-chemistry. Ngenxa yalesi sayensi, wayekwazi ukuchaza izenzakalo eziningi.
U-Alexander wenza ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali khona ezindongeni zendlu yakhe. Umama wengane eyeve eshumini nambili wabhekana nakho kokubili ukwesaba nenjabulo. Lona wesifazane wayekhathazekile ngokuphepha kwekhaya, ngakho waqaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthi indodana yakhe yayidinga ukuthunyelwa endaweni yokuzivocavoca.
Waya kofunda e-Medical and Surgical Academy yenhloko-dolobha yamasiko yaseRussia. Esikhungweni semfundo, uBorodin waphumelela umsebenzi kadokotela futhi wafunda ngenkuthalo i-chemistry.
Indlela yokudala nomculo womqambi u-Alexander Borodin
Isikhathi esiningi indoda ezinikele kwezesayensi. Nokho, umculo awuzange unyamalale ngemuva. Eminyakeni yakhe yokufunda, le nsizwa yagcwalisa kabusha i-repertoire ngezingoma eziningi zothando. Izingoma ezithi "Arabic Melody", "Sleeping Princess" kanye "Ingoma Yehlathi Elimnyama" zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Waba nethuba elihle lokuhamba. Esebenzisa isikhundla sakhe, wavakashela izindawo zamakhonsathi emhlabeni wonke.
Enhloko-dolobha yamasiko yaseRussia, uBorodin waba yilungu lomphakathi waseSt. Petersburg wamasiko we-Mighty Handful. U-Alexander waqala ukushintshanisa isipiliyoni sakhe somculo nabanye abaqambi, ngenxa yalokho izingoma zakhe "zaqhakaza". Ozakwabo bambiza ngomlandeli omuhle kakhulu kaMikhail Glinka.
U-Borodin wenza indalo yakhe ngaphambi kwe-elite yaseRussia. Wayevame ukwenza endlini Belyaev. U-Alexander wahlabelela ngenkululeko, uthando ngezwe lakhe, kanye nokuziqhenya kwesizwe sabantu baseRussia. Umi kuyo kanye imvelaphi ye-symphony kanye nokuthambekela kwamaqhawe kumculo wakudala waseRussia.
Ngesinye isikhathi, uBorodin wasebenza ngaphansi kokuqondisa komngane wakhe kanye nozakwabo, umqhubi weMilia Balakirev. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-maestro yaqamba izingoma zothando ezingaphezu kuka-15, ama-symphonies amaningana, izingcezu zepiyano, kanye nezinkondlo eziningi zomculo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wethula ama-operas ahlakaniphile i-Bogatyrs ne-Prince Igor. Indalo yaletha ukuqashelwa ku-Borodin hhayi eRussia kuphela, kodwa nasemazweni aseYurophu.
Ku-symphony yesibili ethi "Bogatyr", wakwazi ukuveza amandla abantu baseRussia. Umqambi uhlanganise kahle izingoma zomdanso namazwi ahlabayo umphefumulo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-maestro ehlakaniphile yasebenza ku-opera ethi "Prince Igor" kusukela eningini layo, kodwa umsebenzi wawungakaqedi. I-opera ethulwayo iyisibonelo sangempela sesitayela samaqhawe emculweni. Umsebenzi uyamangaza ngenani elikhulu lezigcawu ezenziwa ikhwaya yesintu, kanye nokudluliswa okuhle kakhulu nokugcinwa kobuqotho bezithombe ngazinye.
Imininingwane yokuphila komuntu siqu ka-maestro u-Alexander Borodin
Lapho uBorodin ehambela phesheya, wathandana nomdlali wepiyano osemusha u-Ekaterina Protopopova. Ubethola ukwelashwa kwesifuba somoya komunye wemitholampilo yaseJalimane. U-Katya wayenendlebe enhle kakhulu futhi wayevame ukudlala umculo embuthanweni wabaqambi nabaculi.
U-Ekaterina no-Alexander bachitha isikhathi esiningi ndawonye. Indoda yanquma ukushela isithandwa sayo, futhi yavuma. Ngokushesha umbhangqwana wabubhalisa ngokomthetho ubuhlobo bawo.
Njengoba uKatya enezinkinga ngezitho zezindlela eziphezulu, wayengakwazi ukuhlala enhloko-dolobha esenyakatho isikhathi eside. Intombazane yaphoqeleka ngezikhathi ezithile ukuba ihambe kunina eMoscow. U-Borodin wacasuka kakhulu ngokuhlukaniswa nothandiweyo wakhe, njengoba kufakazelwa yizincwadi eziningi ababhalelana zona.
U-Borodin akazange abe ubaba. U-Katya wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokungabi khona kwezingane. Umndeni wakhulisa isizungu ngokuthatha abafundi. U-Alexander wayebheka amantombazane njengamadodakazi akhe.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi
- Ngesinye isikhathi, esifundweni esiwusizo, uBorodin kwadingeka asebenze nesidumbu. Wanyakaza kungazelele muntu, kwashona ithambo elibolile esikhumbeni sakhe. Bekungabiza umpetha wokuphila, kodwa ngemva kokwelashwa isikhathi eside, konke kwalunga.
- Esikoleni, wayengumfundi osezingeni eliphezulu, okwabathukuthelisa kakhulu abafundi.
- UMendeleev weluleka u-Alexander ukuthi ashiye umculo futhi abambe iqhaza ekufundeni kwamakhemikhali.
- Amaphuzu adalwe yi-maestro asesesimeni esihle kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi wawagcoba ngesikhupha seqanda, okwasiza ukuba ahlale esesimweni esiphelele.
- Kwadalwa amafilimu angaphezu kwama-5 aphathelene nomqambi nomculi ovelele. Bayifanekisela kahle impilo yongqondongqondo omkhulu.
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kuka-maestro u-Alexander Borodin
Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, u-Alexander wayebambe iqhaza emisebenzini yomphakathi. Wahambela izingxoxo zesayensi, wabamba amakhonsathi futhi wasiza amathalenta asemasha ukuthi asukume.
Ngo-1880, walahlekelwa u-Zinin wakhe oseduze, futhi ngemva konyaka omunye umuntu osondelene naye, uMussorgsky, washona. Ukulahlekelwa komuntu siqu kwaholela ekuwohlokeni kwesimo somqambi. Wayesecicini lokucindezeleka.
Ngo-February 27, 1887, umqambi wagubha i-Shrovetide, embuthanweni wezihlobo nabangane bakhe. Wazizwa emuhle futhi esemqondweni ogcwele. Kulo mcimbi, umpetha ushonile. Wayekhuluma ngokuthile, wavele wawa phansi. Isizathu sokufa kukaBorodin kwaba ukuphuka kwenhliziyo.
Umzimba womculi omkhulu wangcwatshwa e-necropolis ye-master of arts ka-Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Itshe lesikhumbuzo lakhiwe ethuneni likaBorodin, elihlotshiswe ngokomfanekiso ngamanothi nezakhi zamakhemikhali.
Ekhumbula umqambi, abaqambi bakhe banquma ukuqedela i-opera ethi Prince Igor. Indalo yethulwa emphakathini jikelele ngo-1890.
