U-Alexander Nikolaevich Vertinsky ungumculi odumile waseSoviet, umlingisi wefilimu, umqambi, umculi we-pop. Yayidumile engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX.
I-Vertinsky isabizwa ngokuthi isenzakalo sesiteji saseSoviet. Izingoma zika-Alexander Nikolaevich zivusa imizwelo ehlukahlukene kakhulu. Kodwa into eyodwa ngokuqinisekile - umsebenzi wakhe awukwazi ukushiya ongenandaba cishe akekho.
Ubuntwana nobusha buka-Alexander Vertinsky
U-Alexander Vertinsky wazalwa ngo-March 19, 1889 enhliziyweni ye-Ukraine - Kyiv. Inhloko yomndeni ibisebenza ebuntathelini futhi ingummeli ozimele. Umama u-Evgenia Skolatskaya wayevela emndenini ohloniphekile.
Uyise nomama Vertinsky babengashadile ngokusemthethweni. Ngaleso sikhathi, umfelandawonye onjalo wawubhekwa njengongamukeleki. Unkosikazi osemthethweni kayise ka-Alexander akazange amnikeze imvume yokuhlukanisa.
U-Nikolai Petrovich (uyise ka-Alexander) waqasha indlu ka-Evgenia Skolatskaya. Okokuqala, lo mbhangqwana waba nendodakazi, bese owesifazane wabeletha indodana, u-Alexander.
U-Vertinsky akazange amkhumbule unina. Iqiniso liwukuthi wafa eneminyaka engu-3 kuphela ubudala. Kusukela manje, zonke izinkathazo zawela emahlombe ezihlobo ohlangothini lukamama.
Izingane, uNadezhda no-Alexander, zakhuliswa odadewabo Evgenia Skolatskaya. Odade babemzonda uyise kaSasha omncane "ngokonakalisa" iZhenechka yabo. Umfowethu nodadewabo babehlukene. Futhi ngokushesha wathola ukuthi uNadezhda akasekho. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, u-Alexander wathola ukuthi uNadia uyaphila. Amahlebezi ngokufa kukadadewabo asakazwa ngo-anti ukuze baphazamise ukuxhumana kwabo unomphela.
USasha omncane wafunda e-Alexandria Imperial Gymnasium. Kodwa ngokushesha waxoshwa esikhungweni semfundo ngenxa yokuziphatha okubi. U-Vertinsky waqala ukweba. Kunombono wokuthi ngale ndlela umfana wadonsa amehlo ngenxa yokunganakwa kwabazali.
Eminyakeni yakhe yobusha, wakwazi ukuzuza idumela lokuba isela. Kamuva, waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Kyiv classical gymnasium No. 4. Ngeshwa, lo mfana akazange ahlale isikhathi eside e-gymnasium.
Ukubamba iqhaza kuka-Alexander emidlalweni yama-amateur
Ngenxa yezinkinga ezifundweni zakhe, ukuxabana njalo nomalumekazi wakhe, u-Alexander Vertinsky wazizwa edangele. Okuwukuphela kwentokozo yangaleso sikhathi kule nsizwa kwakuyishashalazi. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi waqala ukwenza ukusebenza amateur.
U-Alexander akazange ashiye umkhuba omubi - ukweba imali ku-anti wakhe. Ngokushesha kwadingeka axoshe umshana wakhe endlini. U-Vertinsky wathatha noma yimuphi umsebenzi ukuze aziphilise.
U-Anti wayengakholwa ukuthi uSasha angenza umuntu ohloniphekile. Kodwa ngokushesha inhlanhla yamomotheka ku-Vertinsky. Wahlangana noSofya Zelinskaya, umngane omdala kamama wakhe. Endlini kaSofya Nikolaevna, uVertinsky waphinde waqala ukuququda i-granite yesayensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, endlini kaSofya Nikolaevna, wakwazi ukujwayelana nabantu ezithakazelisayo nabanamandla.
U-Alexander wazuza udumo lwakhe lokuqala ngenxa yokushicilelwa kwezindaba ephephandabeni lendawo. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, umphakathi waqala ukukhuluma Vertinsky njengomuntu onethalente. Isithombe sesela sanyamalala.
Alexander Vertinsky yaseshashalazini kanye cinema
Imali yokuqala eyatholwa u-Alexander Nikolaevich yaseshashalazini yamnika ukuzethemba ukuthi wayehamba ngendlela efanele. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, uVertinsky wathola ukuthi udadewabo uNadezhda usaphila futhi usebenza e-Moscow Theatre. Ngo-1913 wathuthela enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia.
Umsebenzi waseshashalazini u-Alexander Nikolaevich waqala nge yaseshashalazini kanye studios. Ngaleso sikhathi, abantu abasha badlala imidlalo yeshashalazi eyayithandwa kakhulu ngabalingisi. I-Vertinsky enamakhono yaqashelwa futhi yamenywa ukuba ibe yingxenye yeTheatre of Miniatures, eyayiseTverskaya Street.
Iqembu, lapho u-Alexander Nikolaevich abhaliswa khona, wayeholwa ngu-Artibusheva Maria Alexandrovna. Ukubonakala kokuqala esiteji sikaVertinsky kwabangela injabulo yangempela phakathi kwezilaleli. Lo mculi uqhubekile nokucula esiteji. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabhala amahlaya anezihloko kanye nama-parodies.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo Vertinsky wazama ukungena Stanislavsky Moscow Art Theatre. Nokho akamukelwanga ngoba akazange alubize kahle uhlamvu u-r.
U-Alexander Nikolaevich wazama isandla sakhe e-cinema. Ifilimu yokuqala ngokuhlanganyela komculi yayibizwa ngokuthi "Cliff". U-Vertinsky wathola indima encane, kodwa u-Alexander ngokwakhe wathi wayezuze isipiliyoni esiyigugu.
Ngomsebenzi wefilimu akuzange kusebenze. Kwakungekona ukuntuleka kwethalenta okwakufanele kusolwe, kodwa impi. U-Alexander Nikolaevich ekupheleni kuka-1914 ubhalisele umhlengikazi wokuzithandela ngaphambili. Wachitha isikhathi esingangonyaka esempini. Ngemva konyaka, walimala kabi, ngakho waphoqeleka ukuba athuthele eMoscow.
EMoscow, u-Alexander wathola izindaba ezidabukisayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi udadewabo uNadezhda washona. Kuye, wayengomunye wezihlobo eziseduze kakhulu. Ngokusho kukaVertinsky, uNadya washona ngenxa yezidakamizwa.
Alexander Vertinsky: umculo
Ngemva kokuvuselelwa, u-Alexander Nikolaevich waqhubeka nokwenza amafilimu futhi adlale e-Artsibasheva Theatre. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho isithombe sikaPierrot "sinamathele" kumculi. Ngenxa yezithombe ezincane, "Izingoma zikaPierrot", ezothando "Namuhla ngiyazihleka", "inkonzo yesikhumbuzo yeCrystal", "Cocainette", "Yellow Angel" u-Vertinsky wathola ukuqashelwa okude kangaka elindelwe.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ababukeli abavamile abancoma ithalente likaVertinsky. Abagxeki babuye babhala ukubuyekezwa okuhle kwethalente.
Abagxeki baphawula ukuthi ukuthandwa kuka-Alexander Nikolaevich kwakungenxa yokuthi wayecula ngezihloko ezithandekayo. Wayevame ukuthinta izihloko zothando olungafunwa, isizungu, amanga, ukukhaphela, ubumpofu nokungabi nabulungisa ezingomeni zakhe.
U-Vertinsky wenza izingoma zomculo kokubili ezinkondlweni zakhe nasezinkondlweni zika-Alexander Blok, Marina Tsvetaeva, Igor Severyanin.
Isici esiphawulekayo sokwethulwa kwezinto zomculo kwakuwukudla kwamadlelo. Amazwi akhe athinta umphefumulo wabathandi bomculo baseSoviet. Isithombe sokuhlupheka kukaPierrot sabangela abalandeli abaningi, kodwa akekho noyedwa okwazile ukulandela indlela ka-Alexander Vertinsky.
Ukuthandwa nokungagwegwesi kwemibhalo kwanikeza uVertinsky abalandeli abaqotho kuphela. U-Alexander Nikolayevich waba nesithakazelo kuKhomishana Engavamile. Ummeleli wekhomishini wasikisela u-Vertinsky ngokuthi yini okungaba ngcono ukungabhali ngayo. Kamuva, ababhali bokuphila kwabo bazwakalisa umbono wokuthi kwakuwukucindezela kweziphathimandla okwaphoqa u-Alexander ukuba afuduke. Nokho, umculi ngokwakhe ubeke amazwana:
“Yini eyangenza ngathuthela kwelinye izwe? Ngangiwazonda amandla aseSoviet? Yebo, cha, iziphathimandla azizange zingenze lutho olubi. Ingabe bengingumlandeli wanoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo? Futhi cha. Ngangisemncane, futhi ngangikhangwa yi-adventure ... ".
Ngo-1917, u-Alexander wahamba uhambo olukhulu. Wavakashela amazwe namadolobha amaningi. Ngokushesha u-Vertinsky wathenga i-passport yamaGreki futhi wahamba wayohlala kuqala eRomania wabe esehlala ePoland. Eminyakeni eyalandela, usaziwayo wayehlala eParis, eBerlin, ePalestine. Nakwamanye amazwe amakhonsathi akhe ahanjelwe yibutho labalandeli.
Ngo-1934 u-Alexander Nikolaevich wathuthela e-United States of America. Lapha uhlele umdlalo owawuhanjelwe inani elikhulu labafuduki baseRussia. Ngo-1935 u-Vertinsky wahamba waya eShanghai. Wabuyela eRussia kuphela ngo-1943.
Impilo yomuntu siqu ka-Alexander Vertinsky
Umfazi wokuqala ka-Alexander Nikolaevich kwaba ubuhle bamaJuda uRaheli (Raisa) Pototskaya. Ngemva komshado, lona wesifazane waba Irena Vertidis. U-Vertinsky wahlangana nomkakhe wokuqala ePoland. Umshado wokuqala ngeke kuthiwe uphumelele. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-7, u-Alexander wahlukanisa nomkakhe.
Ngemva kwesehlukaniso, Vertinsky akakwazanga ukuthola umlingani ukuphila isikhathi eside. Wayenezothando ezidlulayo ezingaholeli lutho olubucayi. Umdwebi wahlangana nomkakhe olandelayo ngemva kweminyaka engu-19 kuphela e-Shanghai.
Kwelinye izwe, u-Alexander Nikolayevich wahlangana ebukekayo Lydia Tsirgvava. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ubuhle babuncane kunomculi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kuvimbe ubuhlobo babo ekuthuthukeni. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1940, uVertinsky washada noLydia.
Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana wawunamadodakazi amabili amahle. Amadodakazi athola ifa lokuthakazelisa kanye nethalente kuyise, ngakho-ke nabo baba abadlali abadumile. Futhi ngisho nendodakazi kaMarianna, uDaria Vertinskaya (Khmelnitskaya), waqala ngempumelelo umsebenzi wakhe njengomdlali we-actress, kodwa ngokushesha waqaphela ukuthi lokhu kwakungeyona ikusasa lakhe.
Ukufa kuka-Alexander Nikolaevich Vertinsky
Ngemva kokubuyela ezweni lakubo, u-Alexander Nikolaevich akazange ashiye umsebenzi wakhe oyibamba. Ukuqopha amafilimu nokubamba iqhaza emikhiqizweni yaseshashalazini kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola imali enhle. Okuwukuphela kwento eyayimkhathaza uVertinsky ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyisimo sezwe lakubo.
Ngosuku lokufa kwakhe, u-Alexander Nikolaevich naye wenza esiteji. U-Vertinsky wafa ngoMeyi 21, 1957. Ngokusho kwezihlobo, ngemuva kwekhonsathi uzizwe ebuthakathaka futhi engaphathekile kahle. Isizathu sokufa kwaba ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo okubuhlungu. Ukucindezeleka neminyaka kuye kwaba nethonya lako. Ithuna lomculi litholakala emathuneni aseNovodevichy enhloko-dolobha.
Umbukiso weMnyuziyamu womgwaqo owodwa eKyiv unikezelwe inkumbulo yosaziwayo. Lapha abalandeli bangajwayelana nezithombe, ama-albhamu nezinye izikhumbuzo ze-Vertinsky.
