Umculi u-Arthur (Art) Garfunkel wazalwa ngoNovemba 5, 1941 e-Forest Hills, eNew York kuRose noJack Garfunkel. Ebona uthando lwendodana yakhe ngomculo, uJack, umdayisi ojikelezayo, wathengela uGarfunkel isiqophamazwi.
Ngisho nalapho eneminyaka emine kuphela ubudala, uGarfunkel wahlala amahora amaningi nesiqophamazwi; wacula, walalela futhi walungisa izwi lakhe, wabe eseqopha futhi. “Kungifake kakhulu emculweni. Ukucula, futhi ikakhulukazi ukukwazi ukukuqopha, kuhle kakhulu, ”uyakhumbula.
E-Forest Hills Elementary School, u-Art Garfunkel osemncane wayaziwa ngokucula izingoma emaphasishi angenalutho nokulingisa emidlalweni yeshashalazi. Ebangeni lesi-6, wabamba iqhaza emdlalweni wesikole "I-Алиса в стране чудес" kanye noPaul Simon afunda naye.
USimon wayazi uGarfunkel njengomculi owayehlala ezungezwe amantombazane. Babehlala ezindaweni ezihlukene eQueens, kodwa kwaze kwaba yilapho uSimon ezwa u-Garfunkel ecula ukuthi ikusasa labo selixhumene. Ngokushesha laba ababili baqala ukucula emibukisweni yamakhono esikoleni futhi bazilolongela amakhono abo njalo ebusuku egumbini elingaphansi.
Phakathi neminyaka yabo yesikole samabanga aphezulu, abawine i-Grammy besikhathi esizayo benza njengo-Tom Landis noJerry Graf, besaba ukuthi amagama abo angempela azwakala sengathi angamaJuda futhi azovimbela impumelelo.
Bacule ingoma yokuqala kaSimon futhi bakhulisa imali yabo ukuze benze ukuqopha kwabo kokuqala kochwepheshe. Ingoma yabo ethonywe yi-Everly Brothers ethi Hey Schoolgirl yaba yingoma encane, kwathi ngo-1957 yathola inkontileka yokuqopha neBig Records.
Bavame ukuvakashela i-Brill Building, behlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zabo njengabaculi bedemo kubabhali bezingoma. Ingoma yabo eshisa izikhotha ibenze bavela ku-American Dick Clark bandstand, eqhubeka ngemuva nje kukaJerry Lee Lewis.
Ngemva kwalokho, umsebenzi wabo womculo wema futhi baqala ukukhathazeka ngokuthi base befinyelele umvuthwandaba lapho beneminyaka engu-16.
USimon noGarfunkel
Lapho kuphela isikole samabanga aphakeme, uSimon noGarfunkel banquma ukuhamba ngokwehlukana baye ekolishi. UGarfunkel wahlala edolobheni lakubo wafunda e-Columbia University, lapho afunda khona umlando wezobuciko futhi wajoyina iqembu.
Kamuva wathola iziqu ze-master zezibalo. Eqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wezemfundo kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, u-Garfunkel akazange ayeke ukucula ngesikhathi esekolishi, ekhulula amathrekhi ambalwa eyedwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi Artie Garr.
Kwaphinda futhi, amathalenta afanayo nezithakazelo zahlanganisa uPaul Simon no-Art Garfunkel. Ngo-1962, u-Tom wangaphambili noJerry baphinde bahlangana njenge-duo entsha, egxile kubantu. Ababange besakhathazekile ngokuthi babezoqondwa kabi futhi baqala ukusebenzisa amagama abo angempela uSimon & Garfunkel.
Ekupheleni kuka-1964 bakhipha i-albhamu yesitudiyo ngoLwesithathu Morning, 3 AM Ngokwezentengiselwano, akwenzekanga lutho, futhi uSimon waya eNgilandi, laba ababili banquma ukuhlukana ngokomsebenzi.
Umdidiyeli u-Tom Wilson uhlanganise kabusha ingoma ethi Imisindo Yokuthula evela kule albhamu futhi wayikhulula. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, wathatha isikhundla sokuqala kumashadi e-Billboard. USimon wabuyela eQueens lapho laba baphinde bahlangana khona futhi banquma ukuqopha nokwenza umculo owengeziwe ndawonye.
USimon & Garfunkel bakhiphe enye i-albhamu eshisa izikhotha, kwase kuba nenye, kanjalo nokulandelana, lapho irekhodi ngalinye lathatha umculo wabo nezinhlamvu zamagama zalibeka ezingeni elisha.
Impumelelo ebucayi neyohwebo yenzeke futhi yanda ngokukhululwa ngakunye: Imisindo Yokuthula (1966), Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme (1966) kanye ne-Bookends (1968). Ngenkathi besebenza ku-Bookends, umqondisi uMike Nichols wabacela ukuthi banikele ngezingoma kumculo we-The Graduate (1967).
Njengengxenye yefilimu yoqobo emayelana nokuhlukaniswa nokuvumelana, i-duo iqinise isithunzi sabo. Ingoma yabo ethi Mrs. U-Robinson waba yingoma engu-No. 1, ebonakala kuwo womabili iculo elithi The Graduate kanye ne-albhamu ye-Bookends.
Ngemva konyaka, uNichols waqondisa iCatch-22 futhi wanikeza uGarfunkel indima. Lokhu kubambezele ukukhiqizwa kwe-albhamu yabo elandelayo futhi baqala "ukuhlwanyela imbewu" yokuhlukana kwabo kwesikhathi esizayo. Bobabili bahamba ngezindlela ezintsha zokudala.
Ngo-1970 bakhipha i-albhamu yabo eyaphumelela kakhulu, i-Bridge Over Troubled Water, eyaqoshwa kusetshenziswa amasu estudiyo enziwe ekhaya futhi yathonywa izinhlobonhlobo zezitayela zomculo.
I-albhamu yaba yingoma enkulu kwezohwebo futhi yawina izindondo eziyisithupha ze-Grammy okuhlanganisa i-albhamu Yonyaka, Ingoma Yonyaka kanye neRekhodi Yonyaka ngengoma yesihloko.
Lena bekuyi-albhamu yabo yokugcina yesitudiyo. Ekuqaleni babehlele ukuthi babuyelane ngemva kwekhefu, kodwa ngemva kokuhlukana isikhashana, ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo yokudala ngokwehlukana kubonakala kunengqondo. U-Simon & Garfunkel wayengasekho.
Eminyakeni emibili ngemuva kokuhlukana kwabo, kwakhululwa Amahithi Ahamba Phambili kaSimon & Garfunkel futhi ahlala emashadini ase-US amasonto angu-131.
Umsebenzi ohamba yedwa: Engikwaziyo, Nginamehlo Kuphela Nokuningi
UPaul Simon no-Art Garfunkel bahlukana ngo-1970, kodwa bahlala bexhumene komunye nomunye ngokomuntu siqu nangokomsebenzi.
Bebuyela njalo kubangani kanye nozakwabo, baphinde bahlangana izikhathi ezimbalwa emisebenzini yabo kuphela bathola ukuthi abakwazanga ukusebenza ndawonye ngaphandle kwamaphrojekthi wesikhashana, kunjalo.
Eminyakeni edlule, u-Garfunkel wasikhumbula ngothando isikhathi sabo ndawonye: “Ngihlale ngijabule ukusho okuncane egameni le-duo. Ngiyaziqhenya ngokucula lezi zingoma ezimnandi. Manje izingoma zikaPaul Simon seziculwa ngisho emasontweni nasezikoleni njengengxenye yezifundo..."
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, wazinikela ngokuphelele emsebenzini wakhe eyedwa. I-albhamu yakhe yokuqala ethi Angel Clare (1973) yayinengoma ethi All I know eyabhalwa uJimmy Webb futhi yakhiqizwa nguSimon & Garfunkel Roy Haley. (Ingoma yanikezwa impilo entsha ngo-2005 ngenkathi iboniswa ku-Five For Fighting on the Chicken Little soundtrack.)
I-albhamu yakhe elandelayo, i-Breakway (1975), yamnikeza enye ingoma, inguqulo yakudala ye-I Only Have Eyes for You. I-albhamu ibinezingoma ezivela ku-David Crosby, Graham Nash kanye no-Stephen Bishop, kanye nengoma entsha ka-Simon no-Garfunkel eminyakeni emihlanu, ethi My Little Town, ephinde yavela ku-albhamu eyedwa ka-Simon ethi Still Crazy After All These Years.
Nge-albhamu yakhe elandelayo, iWatermark (1977), uGarfunkel ugxile ekusebenzisaneni nombhali wengoma oyedwa. U-Jimmy Webb ubhale zonke izingoma ngaphandle kokukodwa: ikhava yehithi ka-Sam Cooke ethi What A Wonderful World ka-Garfunkel, u-Simon no-James Taylor, efinyelele inombolo engu-17 kumashadi.
Lo mculi uthole enye ingoma evela ku-Watermark with Bright eyes, okwakuyingoma edabukisayo, emnandi yetimu yefilimu ka-Richard Adams ethathelwe kwi-Watership Down.
I-albhamu yakhe ethi Scissors Cut (1981) yaba yimpumelelo ebucayi kodwa yaba "i-flop". Ngemva konyaka, uSimon noGarfunkel badlala ikhonsathi ndawonye eCentral Park, bephula wonke amarekhodi akhona, baqoqa izethameli zabantu abangu-500.
Babe sebehamba nohambo lomhlaba bakhipha i-albhamu ephindwe kabili kanye nesipesheli se-HBO sombukiso wabo eCentral Park. Kodwa ukuhlangana kabusha akuzange kuthathe isikhathi eside. Bebonke balahla izinhlelo zokukhulula izinto ezintsha, futhi uSimon wagcina izingoma ze-albhamu yakhe eyedwa.
Ebuyela emsebenzini wakhe eyedwa futhi, uGarfunkel waqala ngokudlala indima enkulu ekulingiseni. Useke walingisa kumafilimu amaningana nomqondisi uMike Nichols, okuhlanganisa noCarnal Knowledge (1971), futhi wavela ochungechungeni lwe-TV, okuhlanganisa nesiqephu esithi "Laverne and Shirley". Futhi ngo-1998, wabonakala ohlelweni lwezingane lwe-TV i-Arthur Like A Singing Moose.
UGarfunkel uqhubekile nokudlala esiteji nokuqopha izinto ezintsha. Ngo-1990, wakhuluma nabantu abayizigidi ezingu-1,4 ngesicelo soMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika emhlanganweni wokukhuthaza intando yeningi eSofia, eBulgaria.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, uSimon noGarfunkel nabo bangeniswa e-Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, wakhipha i-albhamu ethi Up 'Til Now, ehlanganisa iculo lakhe noJames Taylor Crying in the Rain, kanye nengoma yombukiso othi "Brooklyn Bridge" kanye nethi "Two Sleepy Men" efilimini eshisa izikhotha ethi A Their Own. Iligi.
Ngo-Okthoba, yena noSimon badlala imidlalo engu-21 edayiswe kakhulu eParamount Theatre eNew York. Ngo-1997, waqopha i-albhamu yezingane egqugquzelwe yindodana yakhe uJames, enezingoma zikaCat Stevens, uMarvin Gay noJohn Lennon-Paul McCartney.
Ngo-1998, wenza ingoma yakhe yokuqala e-albhamu yakhe ethi Everybody Wanna Be Seen.
Ngo-2003, waphinde wagibela isiteji noSimon, wawina indondo ye-Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award futhi wadlala bukhoma i-Sounds of Silence.
Baphinde bavakashela ngemva kwalokho, kwathi ngo-2005 benza iBridge over Troubled Water, On the Way Home, kanye noNkk. Robinson ekhonsathini yenzuzo yezisulu zeSiphepho u-Katrina eMadison Square Garden.
Wayenonyaka omatasa futhi ongaphumuli minyaka yonke. Njalo isimiso esimatasa nokuhlela ukuvakasha, kodwa ngo-2010 waqala ukuba nezinkinga ngezintambo zakhe zezwi, okwabonakala emphakathini. Ngikhumbula ikakhulukazi ikhonsathi no-Simon ku-Jazz and Heritage Festival eNew Orleans. Kwakunzima ukucula noma yini.
Wayene-vocal cord paresis futhi waqala ukulahlekelwa i-mid-range. Kwamthatha cishe iminyaka emine ukuthi alulame. Uxoxe indaba yakhe kumagazini i-Rolling Stone ngo-2014 ukuthi usebuyile ngo-96%, kodwa kusathatha isikhathi esincane ukuthi impilo yakhe ibe ngcono.
Ngo-2016, ingoma kaSimon noGarfunkel ethi "America" yasetshenziswa (ngemvume yabo) nguBernie Sanders emkhankasweni wakhe ongaphumelelanga wokuvikela ukuqokwa kukamongameli weDemocratic Alliance. "Ngiyamthanda uBernie," uGarfunkel etshela iNew York Times. “Ngiyayithanda impi yakhe. Ngiyasithanda isithunzi sakhe nesikhundla sakhe. Ngiyayithanda le ngoma!".
Yethula
Namuhla, u-Art Garfunkel uyaqhubeka nokuqopha futhi enze amaphrojekthi ayedwa, kanye nokuhlangana nabaculi asebekhulile abanjengoJames Taylor noBruce Springsteen. Lo mculi uphinde aqhubeke nokuvela emafilimini.
Ngawo-1980, enye yezinto ayezilibazisa ngayo kwakuwukuhamba ibanga elide; wanqamula iJapane ne-United States ngezinyawo. Phakathi nohambo lwakhe, waqala ukubhala izinkondlo futhi ngo-1989 washicilela i-Still Water.
Ngo-2017, wengeza enye i-autobiography eshicilelwe, What's It All But the Light: Notes from Man Underground, ingxubevange yezinkondlo, izinhlu, uhambo, kanye nemicabango ngomkakhe.
U-Garfunkel waqhubeka nothando lwakhe lokuhamba amabanga amade amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Manje, njengoba esedabule ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba, usakholelwa ukuthi ulwazi lwakhe lwempilo alukona kangako lokho akuzuzile, kodwa kumayelana nalokho aphiwe kona.
Impilo yomuntu siqu ka-Art Garfunkel
Ngenkathi iminyaka yawo-1970 iphumelela, iminyaka yawo-1980 yayiyinselelo kuGarfunkel ngokomsebenzi nangokomuntu siqu. Ngemuva komshado omfushane noLinda Grossman ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, uGarfunkel wathandana nomlingisi uLaurie Bird iminyaka emihlanu.
Ngo-1979, wazibulala, eshiya uGarfunkel edabukile. Uncoma ubudlelwano bakhe obufushane kodwa obujabulisayo noPenny Marshall ngokumsiza ukuthi alulame ekulahlekelweni, ngemuva kwalokho wafaka ukudangala kwakhe ku-albhamu yakhe yango-1981 ethi Scissors Cut enikezelwe ku-Byrd.
Ngo-1985, wahlangana nemodeli uKim Cermak kusethi ethi Good To Go. Laba bashadikazi bashada eminyakeni emithathu kamuva futhi banamadodana amabili.
