U-Arvo Pyart ungumqambi odumile emhlabeni wonke. Waba ngowokuqala ukunikeza umbono omusha womculo, futhi waphendukela kumasu we-minimalism. Uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-monk yokubhala". Izingoma zika-Arvo azinayo incazelo ejulile, yefilosofi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo zivinjelwe.
Ubuntwana nobusha u-Arvo Pyart
Kuncane okwaziwayo ngobuntwana nobusha balo mculi. Wazalwa ngo-September 11, 1935 edolobheni elincane lase-Estonia i-Paide. Umfana wayethanda ubuciko bomculo kusukela esemncane. Njengomfana wesikole, wabhala izincwadi zakhe zokuqala.
Esemusha, u-Arvo Pyart wenza umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wobuciko. Sikhuluma nge-cantata "Ingadi Yethu". Umfana wabhala ingoma yekhwaya yezingane kanye ne-orchestra. Kamuva, u-Pärt wafunda eTallinn Music College. Ngemva kokufunda esikoleni esiphakeme, waba umfundi e-conservatory ekilasini lokuqamba. U-Arvo wafundiswa umculi ovelele uHeino Eller.
Indlela yokudala
U-Arvo akakaze esabe ukuhlola umsindo. Ngakho-ke, wahlanganisa ama-classics nomsindo wesimanje. Emsebenzini womqambi, umuntu angezwa ama-symphonies, ama-cantatas namahubo.
Izingoma zomculi zinomoya wokuzincisha injabulo. Umqambi ubhale imisebenzi ehlanganisa kuphela imisindo emikhulu noma emincane kuphela. Lolu uhlobo "lweqhinga" lomdali wase-Estonia.
Kusukela ngo-1957 kuya ku-1967 U-Arvo usebenze njengonjiniyela womsindo esiteshini somsakazo sendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqambi wayevame ukubhala izingoma zamafilimu adumile nezinhlelo ze-TV. Imisebenzi ka-Arvo ivuse isithakazelo sangempela phakathi kwabagxeki bomculo.
Akuwona wonke umuntu owajabulela umsebenzi we-maestro. Abanye babone ezingomeni ezincane izinga eliphezulu lekhono nobungcweti. Abanye bathi le misebenzi ingaphezulu kakhulu emsindweni wabo.
Embhalweni wokudala womqambi, kukhona namahlazo adalwa wukungaqondi kahle umsebenzi wakhe emphakathini. Ukukhala komphakathi endaweni yamasiko kudalwe "I-Obituary for the Orchestra". U-Tikhon Khrennikov usole u-Arvo ngokuba ngaphansi kwamathonya angaphandle. Kodwa indalo ethulwe yathatha indawo yokuqala ehloniphekile emqhudelwaneni we-All-Union Society of Composers. Abafake izicelo abangu-1 balwela indawo yokuqala.
Ukuhlolwa okusha okunomsindo
Maphakathi nawo-1960, umqambi waqala ukuhlola umsindo. Ngakho-ke, emisebenzini yakhe, inqubo ye-collage izwakala ngokucacile. Indlela eyethulwe isuselwe kwinhlanganisela yamasu omculo we-avant-garde kanye nezingcaphuno ezivela kwakudala zase-Europe.
Kodwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 emsebenzini womqambi kuphawulwa ukutadisha amasu omculo enkathi ephakathi. Ngalesi sikhathi, isitayela somdali ngamunye sadalwa, kamuva esathola igama elithi "izinsimbi".
Phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe, umqambi wayekwazi ukurekhoda kabusha imisebenzi yakhe yakudala izikhathi eziningana. U-Arvo wayengumuntu ongaziwa ekusebenzeni ngokushiyeka kwakhe. Isitho sibe insimbi eyintandokazi yomdwebi.
Umsebenzi we-Estonian waxoxwa ngezinga lomculo lezinkinga zomphakathi. I-repertoire yakhe ihlanganisa ingoma ayinikezela ku-Anna Politkovskaya, owabulawa ngo-2006. Kanye ne-symphony ka-2008 ebhekiswe kuMikhail Khodorkovsky.
Impilo yomuntu siqu ka-Arvo Pyart
Njengoba kwenzeka, umqambi ungumuntu oyedwa. Impilo yakhe yomuntu siqu ithuthuke ngempumelelo kakhulu. Igama lomka-Arvo nguNore Pärt. Laba babenezingane ezimbili.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, umndeni wathuthela eVienna nge-visa yomfazi wakwa-Israel. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, u-Arvo nomkakhe bathuthela eNtshonalanga Berlin. Futhi ngo-2010 umqambi wabuyela e-Estonia futhi.
I-Arvo Pyart namuhla
Ngo-2020, izingoma zikasaziwayo wase-Estonia ziyaqhubeka nokuzwakala emahholo ekhonsathi emazweni ahlukene. Abalandeli ikakhulukazi baqaphela imisebenzi yomqambi wama-1970s. Amakhonsathi we-maestro awenziwa kuphela emazweni angaphambili e-USSR, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Kunemiklomelo eminingi eshalofini lika-Pärt, izithombe zemicimbi yemiklomelo ziyatholakala ku-inthanethi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2020, u-Arvo Pärto waba neminyaka engama-85 ubudala. Labo abafuna ukwazi kangcono lobu buntu behlelo kufanele nakanjani babuke uchungechunge lwamadokhumentari ngomsebenzi wakhe:
- U-Arvo Pärt - Futhi Kwafika Kusihlwa nasekuseni (1990)
- I-Arvo Pärt: Ama-Preludes angama-24 e-Fugue (2002);
- I-Proovime Pärti (2012);
- Mängime Pärti (2013);
- I-Arvo Pärt - Isegikui ma kõikkaotan (2015).
