U-Benny Goodman ungubuntu ngaphandle kwalokho okungenakwenzeka ukucabanga umculo. Wayevame ukubizwa ngokuthi inkosi yomjiko. Labo abanikeza uBenny lesi sidlaliso babenakho konke ukucabanga kanjalo. Ngisho nanamuhla akungabazeki ukuthi uBenny Goodman ungumculi ovela kuNkulunkulu.
U-Benny Goodman wayengaphezu nje kwe-clarinetist eyaziwayo kanye nomholi weqembu. Umculi udale ama-orchestra ayisithonjana aziwa ngokuhlangana kwawo okumangalisayo nokuhlanganiswa.
Lo mculi wayedume ngethonya lakhe elikhulu emphakathini. Abaculi abamnyama babedlala ku-orchestra ka-Benny ngesikhathi sobandlululo nokucwasana.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UBenny wazalelwa emndenini wabafuduki abangamaJuda abavela eMbusweni WaseRussia, uDavid Gutman (ovela eBelaya Tserkov) noDora Rezinskaya-Gutman (ngokweminye imithombo, isiGeorgia noma iGrinskaya, saseKovno).
Kusukela esemncane wayewuthanda umculo. Lapho eneminyaka engu-10, i-clarinet yawela ezandleni zikaBenny. Ngemva konyaka, lo mfana wadlala kahle izingoma ezidumile Ted Lewis.
UGoodman moonlighted njengomculi wasemgwaqweni. Lapho umfana esemusha, wayesenayo imali yakhe yephakethe. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uBenny waqala ukubona ithonya elikhulayo lomculo kuye. Ngokushesha wayeka isikole samabanga aphezulu futhi wazinikela ekuqambeni. Cishe ngokushesha ngemva kwesinqumo sokushiya isikhungo semfundo, wajoyina i-orchestra ye-trumpeter Bix Beiderbeck.
Ngendlela, u-Benny Goodman ungumculi wokuqala omhlophe owathola ukuqashelwa phakathi kwabamnyama be-jazzmen. Bekufanelekile. Kunjalo, nalapho wonke umuntu owayezwa umdlalo wensizwa wayeqonda ukuthi wayezoya kude.
Indlela yokudala ka-Benny Goodman
Ekwindla ka-1929, umculi we-jazz washiya i-orchestra futhi wathuthela eNew York. UBenny akazange avele alishiye iqembu. Wayefuna ukwakha umsebenzi eyedwa.
Ngokushesha, umculi osemusha wayeseqopha izingoma emsakazweni, edlala kuma-orchestra omculo we-Broadway, futhi ebhala izingoma zomculo. Futhi wayenza ngokwakhe, esekelwa ama-ensembles athuthukisiwe.
Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, uBenny Goodman wabhala ingoma, ngenxa yalokho athola ukuthandwa kwakhe kokuqala. Sikhuluma ngengoma yomculo ethi Akakufanele Izinyembezi Zakho. Ingoma yaqoshwa ngo-1931 ngabakwaMeloton Records futhi yafaka umculi uScrappy Lambert.
Ngokushesha umculi wasayina inkontileka yakhe yokuqala ne-Columbia Records. Ngo-1934, Angithi u-Cha Glad?, u-Riffin' the Scotch, u-Ol' Pappy, Angivilaphi, Ngimane Ngiphuphe' waba phezulu emashadini omculo ahlonishwayo kuleli.
Ukuqashelwa kanye nokuqala "kwenkathi jika"
Abathandi bomculo nabalandeli bamukele ngenjabulo izingoma ezethulwa yiciko. Iqiniso lokuthi izingoma zaseshadini, yiqiniso, kwandisa idumela likaBenny Goodman. Yini ongayilindela kumculi osevele ekhiphe ishumi nambili lemisebenzi efanele? Yiqiniso, ubuciko obusha obusha. Ukwakhiwa kweNyanga Glow (1934) kuthathe indawo yoku-1 yamashadi. Kube yimpumelelo emangalisayo.
Impumelelo yale ngoma iphindwe yi-Take My Word kanye ne-Bugle Call Rag. Ngemuva kokuphela kwenkontileka nehholo lomculo, uBenny wamenywa emsakazweni we-NBC ukuthi aphathe uhlelo lwangoMgqibelo Asidanse.
Ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 zomsebenzi, u-Benny Goodman ushaye phezulu kumashadi omculo izikhathi eziyishumi nambili. Le mpumelelo iphindwe ngemuva kokuthi umculi eqale ukusebenza nenkampani yokuqopha iRCA Victor.
Kodwa ngokushesha uhlelo, lapho uBenny Goodman ayengumphathi walo, lwavalwa. Lo mcimbi ubuhambisana nesiteleka sabasebenzi beNational Biscuit Company - abangabaxhasi bohlelo lomsakazo ofanayo. Ngakho, uGoodman nethimba lakhe basala bengenamsebenzi.
Lezi akuzona izikhathi ezingcono kakhulu ze-United States of America. Izwe lalicindezelekile ngempela. UBenny Goodman ne-orchestra yakhe, ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama, basala bengenamali. Ngokushesha umculi wanquma ukuhamba ngezimoto ezizimele ohambweni olukhulu.
Endleleni edabula emadolobheni aseMidwest, amakhonsathi e-orchestra ayengadumile kakhulu. Iningi lezethameli liphume ehholo ngemuva kokubona ukuthi abaculi bebedlala umculo we-swing, hhayi umculo womdanso.
Izikhathi ezinzima kuBenny Goodman
Abaculi cishe babengenamali. Bawela ekucindezelekeni. Abaningi bavele balishiya i-orchestra ngoba bedinga okuthile ukuze bondle imikhaya yabo. Imisebenzi ibingasenayo inzuzo.
Ibhendi yagcina ifinyelele eLos Angeles. Umculi kulokhu unqume ukungalingi. Abazange badlale okwabo, kodwa umculo womdanso. Ehholo, izethameli zawuthatha ngaphandle komdlandla, zanyathelwa budedengu emaphaseji, kwaqala ukuvungama. Umshayi wesigubhu weqembu wamemeza, "Madoda, kwenzenjani? Uma kwenzeka lokhu kuwumdlalo wokugcina, masiqinisekise ukuthi asizizwa sinamahloni ukuzibona siphuma esiteji..."
Abaculi bayeke ukudlala umculo womdanso badlala umjiko ojwayelekile. Ngalobo busuku basebenza ngo-100%. Izilaleli zazijabule. Abathandi bomculo "babhonge" ngenjabulo nenjabulo. Abaningi bawabonile amathrekhi adumile ka-Benny Goodman.
Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, uBenny Goodman wathuthela endaweni yaseChicago. Lapho, nomlingisi uHelen, uWard wabhala izingoma eziningi "ezinamanzi", okwathi esikhathini esizayo zaba yizingoma zakudala. Imayelana nezingoma:
- Kade Kakhulu;
- okuhle-goody;
- Inkazimulo Yothando;
- Lezi Zobuwula Zingikhumbuza Wena;
- Wangiphendulela Amatafula.
Ngokushesha uBenny Goodman waphinde wamenywa ukuba ahole isimiso. Ube ngumsakazi wohlelo lwe-Camel Caravan. Ekwindla ka-1936, i-orchestra yakhe yavela okokuqala kumabonakude. Khona-ke umculi wabuyela eNew York.
Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi womculo ka-Benny Goodman
Ngemva konyaka, izingoma zomculo zika-Benny Goodman ziphinde zafika ezikhundleni eziphezulu zamashadi omculo. Udumo olumangalisayo lwehlela umculi. Ngokushesha i-orchestra eholwa umculi yaba nengxenye ekuqoshweni kwefilimu ethi "Hotel Hollywood".
IHholo Lomdanso laseSavoy, elalihanjelwe ababukeli bezizwe ezihlukahlukene, ngaleso sikhathi lalisingatha Izimpi Zamaqembu E-Jazz, lapho i-orchestra kaChick Webb yayivame ukuhlula izimbangi. UGoodman, ebona ukubaluleka kwakhe, waphonsela inselelo uChick Webb.
I-New York ibambe umoya ilindele indondo yomculo ekade ilindelwe. Ababukeli abakwazanga ukulinda ukungqubuzana kwama-titans amabili. Futhi kusihlwa esimisiwe, ihholo lokudansa laseSavoy ligcwele. Ihholo lalihlalisa abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine. Izilaleli zazilindile. Bekuyinto!
Akekho noyedwa ezibukelini owayeke wezwa into enjengale ngaphambili! Abaculi bazame kanzima kangangokuthi kubonakala sengathi umoya wawugcwele amandla anamandla.
Naphezu kokwangempela nobuhle babaculi be-Goodman Orchestra, i-orchestra kaChick Webb yayihamba phambili. Lapho abaculi abaphikisayo beqala ukudlala, amalungu e-orchestra kaBenny Goodman avele aqhweba izandla. Babazi ukuthi uChick Webb uzowina.
Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi womculo kaBenny Goodman lafika ngo-1938. Kwakukulo nyaka lapho lo mculi ebambe khona ikhonsathi edumile eCarnegie Hall eNew York. Khona-ke umculi wenza izingoma hhayi kuphela repertoire yakhe, kodwa futhi ithrekhi Al Jolson sika Avalon.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, izingoma zikaGoodman zaziphezulu izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-14. Ezingomeni ezidumile kubalwa ethi Ngivumela Iculo Liphume Enhliziyweni Yami, Ungabi Ngaleyondlela nethi Hlabelela, Hlabelela, Hlabelela (Ngokushwiba). Ingoma yokugcina yayidume kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho wangeniswa e-Grammy Hall of Fame.
Imisebenzi ka-Benny Goodman esikhathini sangemva kwempi
Ukungena kwe-United States of America eMpini Yezwe II kanye nesiteleka esaqalwa yi-American Federation of Musicians kwaphoqa u-Benny ukuthi amise okwesikhashana ukusebenzisana kwakhe noVictor RCA.
Lo mculi ukwazile ukuqeda umsebenzi kwezinye izingoma nangaphambi kwesiteleka. Ingoma ethi Taking Chance on Love idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile.
Wabe esezama isandla sakhe ebhayisikobho. Uke wabonakala kumafilimu afana neStage Door Canteen, The Gang's All Here kanye ne-Sweet ne-Low-Down. U-Benny wayejwayele indima futhi wadlulisela ngethalente isimo sabalingiswa bakhe.
Ebusika bango-1944, i-jazzman, kanye ne-quintet yakhe, yaba yilungu lombukiso we-Broadway The Seven Arts. Uhlelo lwavusa isasasa elikhulu phakathi kwezithameli futhi lwamelana namakhonsathi angu-182.
Ngemva konyaka, ukuvinjelwa kokuqoshwa komsindo kwasuswa. UBenny Goodman ubuyele esitudiyo sakhe somdabu sokuqopha. Kakade ngo-Ephreli, kwakhululwa inhlanganisela ye-Hot Jazz, eyafika ngokushesha kwabangu-10 abaphambili bamarekhodi ahamba phambili.
Iqoqo elilandelayo elithi Gotta Be This or That nalo libe yimpumelelo. Ekurekhodweni kwe-albhamu, uGoodman ngokwakhe wenza ingxenye yezwi okokuqala ngqa. Lo mcimbi uthathwe engomeni ethi Symphony.
Ngokushesha uBenny wathuthela studio yokuqopha iCapitol Records. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabamba iqhaza ekuqoshweni kwefilimu ethi A Song is Born. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlolwa kwakhe okulandelayo komculo kwaqala.
U-Swing ungene esikhundleni se-bebop, futhi i-orchestra kaGoodman yaqopha izingoma ezimbalwa ngale ndlela. Isimanga esikhulu kwakuwukwaziswa kokuthi uGoodman wayehlakaza i-orchestra yakhe. Lesi senzakalo senzeka ngo-1949. Esikhathini esizayo, umculi waqoqa i-orchestra, kodwa kuphela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "izenzo" zesikhathi esisodwa.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, uBenny akazange enze imisebenzi yokuqamba. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kwavela iqoqo lakhe lekhonsathi yeJazz eCarnegie Hall. Umculi "watshala" ukuqoshwa bukhoma komdlalo odumile ngoJanuwari 16, 1938 kule disc.
Inhlanganisela eyalandela ye-Jazz Concerto No. 2 nayo yamukelwe ngemfudumalo abalandeli nabagxeki bomculo. Ngemva konyaka, i-discography yomculi yagcwaliswa ngenye i-albhamu, i-Benny Goodman Story.
Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo kaBenny Goodman
Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1950, u-Benny Goodman uye wenza izindawo eziningi zokuvakasha emhlabeni jikelele. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, umculi wavakashela insimu yeSoviet Union. Uhlatshwe umxhwele ukwamukelwa ngemfudumalo kwabalandeli bakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, wakhulula i-albhamu ethi "Benny Goodman eMoscow".
Ngo-1963, abaculi ababedlale noGoodman kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1930 babuthana eRCA Victor Studios. Sikhuluma ngoGene Krupe, uTeddy Wilson noLionel Hampton. Abaculi babumbene hhayi nje kanjalo, kodwa ukuqopha i-albhamu "Ndawonye Futhi!". I-albhamu ayizange ibonakale ngabalandeli.
Iminyaka yazizwa, ngakho umculi akazange aqophe izingoma. Okuwukuphela komsebenzi obalulekile kwaba inhlanganisela ethi "Benny Goodman Namuhla", eyaqoshwa ngo-1971 e-Stockholm. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, uBenny Goodman wathola indondo ye-Grammy Award. I-albhamu ethi "Asidanse!" iwinile. (ngokusekelwe emculweni wohlelo lomsakazo lwegama elifanayo).
UBenny Goodman washona ngoJuni 13, 1986 eNew York. Unezinkinga zenhliziyo isikhathi eside. Ubulawe yisifo senhliziyo wangcwatshwa eStamford.
Ngokwemvelo, u-Benny Goodman ushiye ngemuva ifa elicebile lokudala. Yayihlanganisa inhlanganisela eminingi eyaqoshwa ezindlini zokuqopha i-Columbia ne-RCA Victor.
Kunochungechunge lwamadiski avela kungobo yomlando yomuntu siqu yomculi, akhishwe yi-Music Master, kanye nokurekhodwa okuhlukahlukene komuntu ngamunye. Futhi nakuba umculi kade ashona, amathrekhi akhe awafi.
