U-Buddy Holly uyinganekwane ye-rock and roll emangalisa kakhulu yama-1950s. U-Holly wayehlukile, isimo sakhe esiyinganekwane nomthelela wakhe emculweni odumile kuba okungajwayelekile uma umuntu ecabangela iqiniso lokuthi ukuthandwa kwafinyelelwa ezinyangeni eziyi-18 kuphela.
Ithonya likaHolly lalihlaba umxhwele njengelika-Elvis Presley noma uChuck Berry.
Ubuntwana bomculi uBuddy Holly
UCharles Hardin "Buddy" Holly wazalwa ngoSepthemba 7, 1936 eLubbock, eTexas. Wayenguthunjana ezinganeni ezine.
Umculi onethalente ngokwemvelo, lapho eneminyaka engu-15 wayesevele eyingcweti kusiginci, i-banjo ne-mandolin, futhi wayedlala ama-duets nomngane wakhe wasebuntwaneni u-Bob Montgomery. Naye, uHolly wabhala izingoma zakhe zokuqala.
UBuddy noBob Band
Maphakathi nawo-50, uBuddy noBob, njengoba babezibiza kanjalo, babedlala "western and bop". Lolu hlobo lwasungulwa ngabafana uqobo. Ikakhulukazi, u-Holly ulalele okuningi okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-R&B futhi wakuthola kuhambisana nomculo wezwe.
Ngo-1955, iqembu, elase livele lisebenze nomdlali we-bassist, laqasha isigubhu uJerry Ellison ukuthi ajoyine ibhendi.
UMontgomery wayehlale encike kumsindo wezwe lendabuko, ngakho ngokushesha washiya iqembu, kodwa abafana baqhubeka nokubhala umculo ndawonye.
U-Holly waqhubeka nokuphikelela ekubhaleni umculo ngomsindo we-rock and roll. Usebenzisane nabaculi bendawo abafana noSonny Curtis noDon Hess. Ngabo, uHolly wenza ukuqoshwa kwakhe kokuqala eDecca Records ngoJanuwari 1956.
Nokho, umphumela awuzange ufeze okwakulindelwe. Izingoma bezingekho yinkimbinkimbi ngokwanele noma beziyisicefe. Noma kunjalo, izingoma ezimbalwa esikhathini esizayo zaba hits, nakuba ngaleso sikhathi babengathandwa kakhulu. Sikhuluma ngezingoma ezifana nethi Midnight Shift neRock Around no-Ollie Vee.
Kuyoba usuku lolo
Entwasahlobo ka-1956, uHolly nenkampani yakhe baqala ukusebenza kuNorman Petty studio. Lapho iqembu lomculo laqopha ukuthi Kuyoba Usuku. Umsebenzi wanikezwa uBob Thiele, isikhulu kwaCoral Records, owawuthanda. Okuxakayo ukuthi, uCoral ubeyingxenye yeDecca lapho uHolly ayeqophe khona izingoma phambilini.
U-Bob wabona leli rekhodi njengelingase lishaywe, kodwa ngaphambi kokulikhulula, kwakunezithiyo ezinkulu okwakumelwe azinqobe ngenxa yokuxhaswa kancane kwenkampani.
Nokho, That'll Be the Day yakhululwa ngoMeyi 1957 kulebula yaseBrunswick. Ngokushesha uPetty waba ngumphathi nomdidiyeli weqembu. Ingoma ishaye inombolo 1 kumashadi kazwelonke ehlobo eledlule.
Buddy Holly Innovations
Ngo-1957-1958. ukubhala izingoma akuzange kubhekwe njengekhono elidingekayo emsebenzini we-rock and roll. Ababhali bezingoma bakhethekile ohlangothini lokushicilela lwendaba, bangaphazamisi inqubo yokuqopha nokusebenza.
UBuddy Holly & The Crickets benze umehluko omkhulu lapho bebhala futhi bedlala ingoma ethi Oh, Boy noPeggy Sue, efinyelele kwabayishumi abahamba phambili kuleli.
U-Holly kanye nenkampani baphinde baphula inqubomgomo yokukhishwa kwamarekhodi esungulwe yimboni. Ngaphambilini, bekunenzuzo ukuthi izinkampani zimeme abaculi esitudiyo sabo futhi zinikeze abakhiqizi bazo, ihluzo, njll.
Uma umculi ephumelele kakhulu (i-la Sinatra noma u-Elvis Presley), wabe esethola isheke "elingenalutho" ku-studio, okungukuthi, akazange akhokhele izinsizakalo ezinikeziwe. Noma yimiphi imithetho yezinyunyana yaxazululwa.
U-Buddy Holly & The Crickets baqale kancane ukuhlola umsindo. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, akukho neyodwa inyunyana eyabatshela ukuthi baqale nini futhi bayeke ukuqopha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqoshwa kwabo kwaba yimpumelelo futhi akufani nomculo owawudumile ngaphambili.
Imiphumela yaba nomthelela ikakhulukazi emlandweni womculo we-rock. Ibhendi ithuthukise umsindo owethula igagasi elisha le-rock and roll. U-Holly neqembu lakhe abazange besabe ukuhlola ngisho nasezingomeni zabo, yingakho uPeggy Sue esebenzisa amasu esiginci engomeni eyayivame ukugcinelwa ukuqoshwa hhayi ukudlala bukhoma.
Iyini imfihlo yempumelelo kaBuddy Holly?
I-Buddy Holly & The Crickets yayidume kakhulu eMelika, kodwa yayidume kakhulu eNgilandi. Ithonya labo lancintisana ngokungathi sína no-Elvis Presley futhi ngandlela thize laze lamdlula.
Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi babevakashela e-England - bachitha inyanga khona ngo-1958 bedlala uchungechunge lwemidlalo. Ngisho no-Elvis odumile akazange akwenze lokho.
Kodwa impumelelo ibiboshelwe nomsindo wabo kanye nesiteji sikaHolly. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwesiginci esinesigqi kwahlanganiswa nomsindo womculo we-skiffle, blues, folk, country ne-jazz.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, u-Badi Holly akazange abukeke njengenkanyezi yakho ye-rock 'n' roll, mude, mncane, futhi ogqoke izibuko ezinkulu. Wayefana nensizwa elula ekwazi ukucula nokudlala isiginci. Kwakungenxa yokuthi wayengabukeki njengomunye umuntu okwaba nesandla ekwandeni kwakhe.
Ukuhambisa uBuddy Holly eNew York
IBuddy Holly & The Crickets yasheshe yaba yiqembu labathathu ngemuva kokushiya kukaSullivan ngasekupheleni kuka-1957. UHolly wabuye wahlakulela izithakazelo ezazihluke ngandlela thize kwezika-Allison noMauldin.
Ngokusobala, akekho kubo owacabanga ukushiya iTexas yangakubo, futhi baqhubeka nokwakha ukuphila kwabo lapho. U-Holly, ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayefuna ukuya eNew York, hhayi kuphela ngomsebenzi, kodwa nokuphila.
Ukuthandana kwakhe nomshado wakhe noMaria Elena Santiago waqinisekisa kuphela isinqumo sokuthuthela eNew York.
Ngalesi sikhathi, umculo kaHolly wawusuthuthuke waze waqasha abaculi baseseshini ukuba bacule izingoma.
Ama-single afana ne-Heartbeat awazange athengise kanye nokukhishwa kwangaphambilini. Mhlawumbe umculi usedlulele phambili kwezobuciko, okuyinto iningi labalaleli abebengakakulungeli ukuyamukela.
ingozi edabukisayo
Ukuhlukana kukaHolly neqembu kwamvumela ukuba aqophe eminye yemibono yakhe, kodwa futhi kwamphanga imali.
Phakathi nokuhlukana, kwaba sobala kuHolly nabo bonke abanye abantu ukuthi uPetty wayesebenzise amanani omholo futhi mhlawumbe wafihla ingxenye enkulu yeholo leqembu ephaketheni lakhe.
Lapho umkaHolly ekhulelwe umntwana, futhi akuveli ngisho nedola elivela kuPetty, uBuddy wanquma ukwenza imali esheshayo. Ubambe iqhaza ohambweni olukhulu lwe-Winter Dance Party eMidwest.
Kulolu hambo lapho uHolly, uRitchie Valens, noJ. Richardson bafela khona engozini yendiza ngo-February 3, 1959.
Ukuphahlazeka kwakubhekwa njengokudabukisayo, kodwa kwakungezona izindaba ezibalulekile ngaleso sikhathi. Iningi lezinhlangano zezindaba eziphethwe abesilisa azizange ziyithathele phezulu i-rock 'n' roll.
Kodwa-ke, isithombe esihle sikaBuddy Holly nomshado wakhe wakamuva wanika indaba isinongo esiningi. Kwavela ukuthi wayehlonishwa kakhulu kunabanye abaculi abaningi bangaleso sikhathi.
Entsheni yangaleso sikhathi, kwakuyinhlekelele yokuqala enkulu yalolu hlobo. Akekho umdlali omhlophe we-rock 'n' roll owake wafa esemncane kangaka. Imisakazo nayo ibilokhu ikhuluma nje ngokwenzekile.
Kubantu abaningi ababambe iqhaza ku-rock and roll, lokhu kwaba ukushaqeka.
Ukuzuma nokungahleliwe kwemvelo yalo mcimbi, kuhlanganiswe neminyaka ka-Holly no-Valens (22 kanye ne-17 ngokulandelana), kwenze kwaba buhlungu nakakhulu.
Inkumbulo yomculi odumile
Umculo ka-Buddy Holly awukaze unyamalale ekuzungezweni kwerediyo, futhi nakakhulu ohlwini lwadlalwayo lwabalandeli abanzima.
Ngo-1979, uHolly waba inkanyezi yokuqala ye-rock ne-roll ukuthola udumo lokuthola isethi yebhokisi yawo wonke amarekhodi akhe.
Umsebenzi wakhululwa ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi The Complete Buddy Holly. Isethi yakhululwa ekuqaleni eNgilandi naseJalimane, futhi kamuva yavela eMelika.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, kwavela abathengisi abangaphansi komhlaba bomsebenzi kaHolly, kuhlanganise nalabo abanikela ngokuthenga izingoma ezimbalwa ohambweni lwaseBrithani lwango-1958.
Kamuva, sibonga umdidiyeli uSteve Hoffman, owanikeza ezinye zezinto eziqoshiwe zomculi, For the First Time Anywhere (1983) zakhululwa yi-MCA Records. Bekuwukukhethwa kobuciko bobuciko bokuqala buka-Buddy Holly.
Ngo-1986, i-BBC yasakaza idokhumentari ethi The Real Buddy Holly Story.
U-Holly waqhubeka nokuba nesiko le-pop kuze kube ngawo-1990. Ikakhulukazi, igama lakhe lashiwo engomeni ethi Buddy Holly (yango-1994 eyashaywa elinye iqembu le-rock i-Weezer). Ingoma yaba ngenye yamahithi enkathi yayo, idlala njalo kuzo zonke iziteshi zomsakazo isikhathi eside, isiza ukugcina igama likaHolly liphila.
U-Holly uphinde wasetshenziswa efilimini ka-1994 i-Quentin Tarantino i-Pulp Fiction, lapho u-Steve Buscemi adlala khona uweta elingisa u-Holly.
UHolly uhlonishwe ngama-albhamu amabili entela ngo-2011: Listen to Me: Buddy Holly kaVerve Forecast, ehlanganisa uStevie Nicks, uBrian Wilson noRingo Starr, kanye neRave On Buddy Holly kaFantasy/Concord, enezingoma zikaPaul McCartney, uPatti Smith, Okhiye Abamnyama.
I-Universal ikhiphe i-albhamu ye-True Love Ways, lapho okurekhodiwe kwasekuqaleni kuka-Holly kwadlulwa khona izingoma ezivela eRoyal Philharmonic Orchestra ngoKhisimusi ka-2018.
