UCelia Cruz wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 21, 1925 eBarrio Santos Suarez, eHavana. "Indlovukazi yaseSalsa" (njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo kusukela ebuntwaneni) yaqala ukuzwa izwi layo ngokukhuluma nezivakashi.
Impilo yakhe nomsebenzi wakhe omibalabala kuyisihloko sombukiso we-retrospective at the National Museum of American History eWashington DC.
Umsebenzi kaCelia Cruz
UCelia wayewuthanda umculo kusukela esemncane. Izicathulo zakhe zokuqala kwakuyisipho esivela kumvakashi ayesiculela.
Umsebenzi walo mculi waqala esemncane, lapho u-anti wakhe nomzala wakhe bemyisa ku-cabaret njengomculi wezwi. Nakuba uyise wayefuna ukuba abe uthisha, umculi walandela inhliziyo yakhe futhi wakhetha umculo esikhundleni.
Ungene kuNational Music Conservatory yaseHavana, lapho aqeqeshe khona izwi lakhe futhi wafunda nokudlala upiyano.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1940, uCelia Cruz wangenela umncintiswano womsakazo wezimfundamakhwela. Ngenxa yalokho, wakwazi ukuheha ukunaka kwabakhiqizi nabaculi abanethonya.
UCelia wayebizwa njengomculi eqenjini lomdanso i-Las Mulatas de Fuego, elalihamba kulo lonke elaseLatin America. Ngo-1950, waba ngumculi ophambili we-La Sonora Matancera, i-orchestra ethandwa kakhulu eCuba.
Umculi usevele kaningi kumadokhumentari ahlobene ne-salsa. Wadlala kulo lonke elaseLatin America naseYurophu.
Iciko beliyiciko le-salsa elenza imali eningi, enamarekhodi aqoshiwe angaphezu kwama-50. Impumelelo yakhe ingenxa yenhlanganisela engavamile yezwi le-mezzo elinamandla nomuzwa oyingqayizivele wesigqi.
UCelia Cruz eNew York
Ngo-1960, u-Cruz wajoyina i-orchestra ye-Tito Puente. Ingubo yakhe ekhanyayo kanye nokukhangayo kwandise kakhulu umbuthano wabalandeli.
Iqembu ladlala indima enkulu ngaleso sikhathi emculweni omusha owathuthuka ngeminyaka yawo-1960 nawo-1970, umculo osuselwe kumculo oxubile waseCuba kanye ne-Afro-Latin owawuzokwaziwa ngokuthi i-salsa.
UCelia waba yisakhamuzi saseMelika ngo-1961. Futhi ngo-1961, wahlangana noPedro Knight (oshaya icilongo neqembu le-orchestra), ayenenkontileka yokucula naye eHollywood, eCalifornia.
Ngo-1962 washada naye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1965, uPedro wanquma ukumisa umsebenzi wakhe ukuze aphathe umsebenzi womkakhe.
Kusukela ngo-1970, u-Cruz wayengumculi ku-Fania All-Stars. Uke wazungeza leli qembu emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa nezinsuku eLondon, England, France nase-Afrika.
Ngo-1973, umculi wacula eCarnagie Hall yaseNew York njengoGracia Divina ku-opera yesiLatini kaLarry Harlow ethi Hommy-A. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho umculo we-salsa wawudumile e-United States.
Ngawo-1970, u-Cruz wacula nabanye abaculi abaningi, okuhlanganisa uJohnny Pacheco noWilliam Anthony Colon.
U-Cruz uqophe i-albhamu noJohnny Pacheco ngo-1974 ebizwa ngokuthi uCelia & Johnny. Elinye lamaculo e-albhamu kaQuimbera laba yingoma yakhe yombhali.
Ukugxeka
Umgxeki uPeter Roughing weThe New York Times uchaze izwi lomdwebi emdlalweni ka-1995: "Izwi lakhe lalizwakala sengathi lenziwe ngezinto eziqinile - insimbi ensimbi."
Esibuyekezweni sikaNovemba 1996 sokudlala eBlue Note, eGreenwich Village (eNew York), lapho uPeter Roughing naye ebhalele lelo phepha, waphawula ukusebenzisa komculi "ulimi olucebile, lwezingathekiso".
Wengeze wathi, "Kwakuwubuhle obungavamile ukuzwa lapho inhlanganisela yezilimi, amasiko nezinkathi kuhlanganiswa nokuhlakanipha okuphezulu."
Imiklomelo Yabaculi
Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, uCelia uqophe ama-albhamu nezingoma ezingaphezu kuka-80, wathola imiklomelo engama-23 ye-Gold Records kanye nemiklomelo emihlanu ye-Grammy. Useke wacula nenqwaba yosaziwayo okubalwa kubo uGloria Estefan, uDionne Warwick, u-Ismael Rivera noWyclef Jean.
Ngo-1976, uCruz wabamba iqhaza kudokhumentari ethi Salsa noDolores del Rio noWilliam Anthony Colon, aqopha ngaye ama-albhamu amathathu ngo-1977, 1981 kanye no-1987.
Lo mlingisi uphinde walingisa emafilimini amaningi aseHollywood: The Perez Family kanye neThe Mambo Kings. Kula mafilimu, wakwazi ukudonsa ukunaka kwezilaleli zaseMelika.
Nakuba uCelia engomunye wabaculi abambalwa beLatina abanezilaleli eziningi e-US, imigoqo yolimi imvimbele ukuthi agqekeze amashadi e-pop e-United States.
Ngokungafani namazwe amaningi aseYurophu, lapho abantu bekhuluma izilimi eziningana, umculo waseMelika udlalwa ngolimi lwalelizwe, ngakho i-salsa yayidlalwa isikhathi esincane, njengoba yayidlalwa ngolunye ulimi ngaphandle kwesiNgisi.
UCelia unenkanyezi kuHollywood Walk of Fame futhi waklonyeliswa ngendondo ye-American National Medal of Arts nguMongameli uBill Clinton. Uphinde wathola iziqu zobudokotela ezihlonishwayo eYale University naseNyuvesi yaseMiami.
U-Cruz ufunge wagomela ukuthi ngeke athathe umhlalaphansi, waqhubeka nokuqopha izingoma ngisho nangemva kokutholakala ukuthi unesimila ebuchosheni ashona kuso ngo-2003.
I-albhamu yakhe yokugcina yayibizwa nge-Regalo del Alma. I-albhamu iwine i-Grammy ye-Best Salsa/Merengue Album kanye ne-Latin Grammy ye-Best Salsa Album ngokufa kwakhe ngo-2004.
Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabalandeli bakaCruz baya esikhumbuzweni eMiami naseNew York, lapho angcwatshwa khona emathuneni aseWoodlawn.
