UCésar Cui (Cesar Cui): Umlando womqambi

UCaesar Cui waqashelwa njengomqambi okhaliphile, umculi, uthisha kanye nombhidisi. Wayeyilungu le-"Mighty Handful" futhi waduma njengoprofesa ovelele wokuqinisa.

Izikhangiso

U-Kui unobuntu obuhlukahlukene nobungavamile. Waphila impilo ecebe ngendlela emangalisayo. Ushiye inqwaba yemisebenzi yomculo eyingqophamlando ngemuva kwakhe. Izingoma ze-maestro zihlukaniswa ngokungena kwe-lyrical kanye nokucwengwa.

Ubuntwana nobusha

Usuku lokuzalwa luka-Maestro nguJanuwari 6, 1835. Wazalelwa eVilnius. Inhloko yomndeni yayivela eFrance. Wakhonza uNapoleon. Phakathi nezingxabano, uyise kaKhesari walimala kanzima. Wanquma ukungabuyeli kwelakubo. Ngokushesha uyise kaKhesari wazinza eVilnius. Lapho wazithola esenguthisha ongumFulentshi. Njengomkakhe, wathatha indodakazi yomdwebi ohloniphekile.

UCui wajabulisa abazali bakhe ngokulangazelela umculo nobuciko. Kakade lapho eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, wayesekwazi ukukhiqiza izingoma ezizwakalayo ngendlebe. Udadewabo wamfundisa ukudlala upiyano, futhi ngokushesha othisha bomculo abaqeqeshiwe base behlanganyela noKhesari.

Khona-ke umfana onethalente wangena ejimini lendawo. Lapha wajwayelana nomsebenzi Chopin. Ngaphansi kwethonya lemisebenzi ye-maestro, uCui osemusha uqamba i-mazurka, ayinikezela ngokuhlonipha uthisha oshonile. Lapho uMoniuszko eqala ukuzwa imisebenzi kaCui, wavuma ukumnika izifundo ze-harmonica mahhala. Kungakapheli nonyaka, wayeseyidlale kahle insimbi.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-50, uKhesari waba umfundi esikoleni sobunjiniyela sendawo. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-4, wathatha isikhundla se-ensign. Ekupheleni kwawo-50, le nsizwa yathweswa iziqu e-Nikolaev Engineering Academy ngokukhushulwa kuma-lieutenants. Enhliziyweni yakhe ubephilela umculo kuphela, kodwa okwamanje ubesanelisekile ngokuncane.

Ngokushesha, uCui waba uthisha wezinqaba, wabe esethatha isikhundla sokuba nguColonel. Wakwazi ukwakha umsebenzi ogqamile futhi waba umuntu ohlonishwayo.

Indlela yokudala nomculo wengcweti uCaesar Cui

Ngenxa yalokho, waqala wakhuphukela esikhundleni sokuba uprofesa, wabe esethola isikhundla sokuba ujenene omkhulu. Wayengomunye wabokuqala ukuphakamisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinqaba zezikhali ezinqabeni zomhlaba.

Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, kuphakama umbuzo onengqondo ngokuphelele: kanjani, ngesimiso esinjalo nempilo ematasa, uCui angaphinde azibandakanye emculweni. UKhesari wakwazi cishe okungenakwenzeka - wabhekana kahle nomsebenzi oyinhloko, futhi okwamanje wakwazi ukwenza umculo. Waqala ukubhala ezothando eneminyaka engu-19. Imisebenzi yokuqala ye-maestro yaze yanyatheliswa, kodwa ngeshwa, yamukelwa kahle ngumphakathi. Waqala ukufunda umculo ngobungcweti kuphela ngemva kokuphothula esikhungweni semfundo.

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, wabonakala enkampanini Balakirev. Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Mily wayengeyena nje umqambi ogunyaziwe nomculi, kodwa futhi uthisha ohlonishwayo. Waba umgqugquzeli oyinhloko we-Cui. Ngenxa yalokho, uKhesari waba yilungu lalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Isandla Esinamandla".

Endleleni, kwavela ukuthi i-maestro inohlangothi olulodwa olubuthakathaka - i-orchestration. Balakirev wazama ukusiza umngane wakhe, futhi wabamba iqhaza ekubhaleni izingoma ngabanye. Emisebenzini kaCui, amanothi atholakala emisebenzini kaMilia ayezwakala ngokucacile.

Imisebenzi yokuqala kaCui yayingenabo ubuntu, ngakho uKhesari waphoqeleka ukuba enqabe usizo olwengeziwe oluvela kuBalakirev. Noma ngabe kunjalo, uMilyu waba nethonya elikhulu emsindweni nasemlingiswa wezingoma zikaKhesari.

I-maestro yaba omunye wabantu abaqhakazile kakhulu okuthiwa "isikole esisha saseRussia", esasimelelwa ngamalungu e-"Mighty Handful". Wayevame ukushicilela umbono wakhe ngalokho okwakwenzeka ngaleso sikhathi emhlabeni wamasiko. Ngaleso sikhathi, wanyatheliswa kusetshenziswa i-pseudonym yokudala "***". Ngesinye isikhathi wagxeka u-Boris Godunov, okwalimaza kakhulu umbhali we-opera, umculi nomqambi uMussorgsky.

Ukuqala kukaMaestro

Ngokushesha kwethulwa i-opera yokuqala kaKhesari. Sikhuluma ngomsebenzi "Isiboshwa saseCaucasus". Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-opera eyethulwe yabhalwa ngokuhambisana nezitayela ezaziwa emphakathini waseRusalka. Lo msebenzi waveza ngobuqili ukuthi i-opera yesiFulentshi yaphefumulela ukudalwa kwesiboshwa sikaKhesari saseCaucasus.

Ukwenziwa kabusha kwezinhlelo zomculo weshashalazi kwaphumela ngokuphelele ku-opera ethi "William Ratcliffe". Umaestro waqala ukuqamba ucezu lomculo ekuqaleni kwawo-60s. Wayefuna ukuhlanganisa umbhalo nomculo ndawonye. Umqambi wasondela ngokucophelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezingxenye zezwi, esebenzisa ukuphindaphinda okumnandi nokuzwakalayo kuzo, kanye ne-symphony ye-orchestral accompaniment.

Umsebenzi owethulwe ekugcineni wavula isiteji esisha ekuthuthukisweni kwe-opera yaseRussia. Nakuba empeleni "William Ratcliffe" akanalo imprint kazwelonke. Trite, kodwa kuyiqiniso. I-orchestration ibe ingxenye ebuthakathaka ye-opera ethulwayo. Ngesikhathi i-"Ratcliff" ihlelwe ukuthi ikhonjiswe enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseSt. Wayebuqonda ubuthakathaka, futhi wayefuna ukugcina isithunzi sakhe sihlanzekile.

Ngakho i-opera Ratcliff, ayephupha ngokuyibeka esiteji, yethulwa emphakathini kuphela ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu. I-maestro isebenze ngokucophelela emsebenzini ukuze idlulisele emphakathini umsindo ofanele. Isiphetho esifanayo sehlela i-Angelo.

Iningi lemisebenzi yomculo kaCui yayiqondiswe kubabukeli bezingane. Wakha uchungechunge oluphelele lwezingoma ezingenakulibaleka lapho kwakukhona khona indawo yama-pranks, imfihlakalo nemilingo. Ama-opera ezingane ayelula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo aheha ngobunkimbinkimbi bomculo. Zibhalwe ngolimi olulula kodwa oluqondakalayo ezilalelini zezingane.

Phakathi kwama-opera ezingane adume kakhulu e-maestro yilezi:

• "Iqhawe leqhwa";
• "Itende lokugibela elincane elibomvu";
•  "Puss in Boots";
•  "Ivan the Fool".

I-Repertoire

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi singasho ukuthi i-repertoire ye-maestro yayigcwele ezothando eziningi. Ubhale izingoma ezingaphezu kuka-400. Amanoveli ka-Cui akanalo uhlobo lwe-couplet nokuphindaphindwa kombhalo, kodwa kulapho ubuciko bawo bulele khona.

Ukukhethwa kwemibhalo yemisebenzi yomculo kwenziwa ngokunambitheka okukhulu. Wakwazi ukudala isithombe esiphelele sezengqondo kusuka ezithandweni ezimfushane kakhulu. Phakathi kwemisebenzi kaCui kwakukhona indawo hhayi kuphela izingqikithi ezingokwengqondo nezothando. Ubenekhono ekuqambeni izingoma ezihlekisayo.

Kodwa, nokho, ithalenta le-maestro liwumculo wezingoma. Cha, idrama akusona isitayela sakhe. I-maestro ibihamba phambili ekudluliseni abalingisi besifazane. Kodwa yini ngempela eyayishoda emculweni wakhe - ubukhulu namandla. Wayekuzonda ngobuqotho ukudelela, ukuvinjelwa nokunambitha okubi. UCui angasebenza emisebenzini yakhe isikhathi eside. I-maestro incamela ukuqamba izingoma ezincane.

Naphezu kwethalenta likaKhesari elisobala, iningi le-opera yakhe "amakhanvasi" ekugcineni asuswa esiteji. Lokhu kuyaqondakala futhi kuhlobene ngokuqondile nezici zethalente lakhe, ikakhulukazi i-chamber-lyrical.

Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu

Ngo-1858, uMaestro washada no-Malvina Bamberg othakazelisayo. Uthisha wentombazane wayengumqambi uDargomyzhsky. UCui unikezele nge-opus yakhe yokuqala kulo wesifazane. Isihloko esiyinhloko emsebenzini kaKhesari kwakuyizinhlamvu zokuqala zesibongo esithi Malvina.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomculi uCaesar Cui

1. Wafundisa uNicholas II ngokwakhe.
2. UKhesari wanyathelisa inqwaba yezincwadi zokufunda. Kamuva, amasosha ebutho laseRussia afunda ezincwadini zakhe.
3. Ufakwe ohlwini lwabagxeki bomculo abanamandla nabangenakunyakaziswa. Wayengesabi ukuvikela izithakazelo zabaqambi besimanje.
4. Waba negalelo elikhulu emkhakheni wezempi. I-Cui inezimpumelelo eziningi ekuqinisweni. Ngomsebenzi wakhe, wathola ama-oda angaphezu kwe-10.
5. I-maestro yasiza ekuqedeni omunye wama-opera kaMussorgsky.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila komqambi uKhesari Cui

Waphila ukudlula abangani bakhe nozakwabo. Wakwazi ukudala izenzakalo, okucasulayo okwakugqugquzelwa kakhulu ukushumayela okunothando kobuhlakani baseRussia. Ngo-1918, wabhalela uM. S. Kerzina:

“Siphila usuku nosuku. Siyagodola futhi silambile. Futhi uma ucabanga ngakho, yeka isikhathi esithakazelisayo somlando esibhekene naso…”.

Izikhangiso

Kuzodlula izinyanga ezi-4 futhi ithimba lakhe lizokhuluma ngokufa kwe-maestro. Imbangela yokufa kwaba ukopha ebuchosheni. Wafa ngo-March 26, 1918.