Emsebenzini omude wokudala, uClaude Debussy udale inqwaba yemisebenzi ekhaliphile. Okwangempela kanye nemfihlakalo kuzuzise i-maestro. Akazange aqaphele amasiko e-classical futhi wangena ohlwini lwababizwa ngokuthi "abaxoshwa kwezobuciko". Akuwona wonke umuntu owabona umsebenzi wengcweti yomculo, kodwa ngandlela thize, wakwazi ukuba omunye wabameleli abangcono kakhulu be-impressionism ezweni lakubo.
Ubuntwana nobusha
Wazalelwa eParis. Usuku lokuzalwa lukaMaestro lungo-Agasti 22, 1862. UClaude wakhulela emndenini omkhulu. Isikhathi esithile umndeni wawuhlala enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana umkhaya omkhulu wathuthela Cannes. Ngokushesha uClaude waqala ukujwayelana nezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zomculo we-classic. Wafunda amakhibhodi ngaphansi kwe-Italian Jean Cerutti.
Wafunda ngokushesha. UClaude wabamba yonke into empukaneni. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, le nsizwa yaqhubeka nokujwayela umculo, kodwa kakade eParis Conservatory. Wayewujabulela umsebenzi wakhe. UClaude wayenokuma okuhle kothisha.
Ngo-1874, imizamo yomculi osemusha yaziswa. Uthole umklomelo wakhe wokuqala. UClaude wadonsa umkhondo womculi nomqambi othembisayo.
Uchithe amaholide akhe ehlobo enqabeni yase-Chenonceau, lapho ayejabulisa khona izivakashi ngokudlala upiyano lwakhe olumangalisayo. Ukuphila okunethezeka kwakungeyona into engavamile kuye, ngakho ngemva konyaka umculi wathatha isikhundla sokufundisa endlini kaNadezhda von Meck. Ngemva kwalokho, wachitha iminyaka eminingana ehambela amazwe aseYurophu. Ube eseqamba ama-miniatures ambalwa. Sikhuluma ngemisebenzi kaBallade à la lune kanye neMadrid, inkosazana des Espagnes.
Wayelokhu ephula ama-canon classical of composition. Maye, le ndlela yathandwa yibo bonke othisha baseParis Conservatory. Naphezu kwalokhu, ithalenta likaDebussy elisobala alizange lidilizwe ukwenziwa ngcono. Uthole i-"Prix de Rome" ngokuqamba i-cantata L'enfant prodigue. Ngemva kwalokho, uClaude waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Italy. Wawuthanda umoya owawukhona ezweni. Umoya wase-Italy wawugcwele izinto ezintsha nenkululeko.
Mhlawumbe yingakho imisebenzi yomculo kaClaude, eyabhalwa ngesikhathi sokuhlala e-Italy, yachazwa othisha ngokuthi "yinqaba, ihlotshiswe futhi ingaqondakali." Lapho ebuyela ezweni lakubo, walahlekelwa inkululeko yakhe. UClaude wathonywa imibhalo kaRichard Wagner. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wazithola ecabanga ukuthi imisebenzi yomqambi waseJalimane ayinalo ikusasa.
Indlela yokudala
Imisebenzi yokuqala eyaphuma esibayeni se-maestro ayizange imlethele ukuthandwa. Ngokuvamile, umphakathi wamukela ngokufudumele imisebenzi yomqambi, kodwa kwakukude nokuqashelwa.
Abaqambi bozakwethu babona ithalenta likaClaude ngo-1893. UDebussy wabhaliswa ekomitini leNational Musical Society. Lapho, umaestro wethule ingoma esanda kubhalwa ethi "String Quartet".
Lo nyaka uzoba yingqophamlando kumqambi. Ngo-1983, kuzokwenzeka omunye umcimbi ozoshintsha kakhulu isikhundla sakhe emphakathini. U-Claude uhambele umdlalo osuselwe emdlalweni ka-Maurice Maeterlinck "Pelléas et Mélisande". Ushiye indawo yeshashalazi enobumnandi obungajabulisi. I-maestro yabona ukuthi lo mdlalo kufanele uzalwe kabusha ube yi-opera. UDebussy uthole imvume yombhali waseBelgium yokujwayela lo msebenzi womculo, ngemuva kwalokho waqala ukusebenza.
Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi wokudala kaClaude Debussy
Ngemva konyaka wayiqeda i-opera. Umqambi wethula umsebenzi othi "Ntambama Yezilwane" emphakathini. Akubona abalandeli kuphela nabagxeki abanethonya abancome imizamo kaClaude. Wayeseqophelweni eliphezulu lomsebenzi wakhe wokudala.
Ekhulwini elisha, waqala ukuya emihlanganweni ye-Les Apaches yomphakathi. Umphakathi wawuhlanganisa abantu abahlukene bamasiko abazibiza ngokuthi “abaxoshwa ngamaciko”. Iningi lamalungu ale nhlangano belisemdlalweni wokuqala we-orchestra kaClaude iNocturnes enesihloko esithi “Clouds”, “Celebrations” kanye nethi “Sirens”. Umbono wezibalo zamasiko wawuhlukene phakathi: abanye babebheka uDebussy njengomuntu olahlekelwe ngokuphelele, kanti abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, bancoma ithalenta lomqambi.
Ngo-1902, kwadlalwa okokuqala ngqa i-opera ethi Pelléas et Mélisande. Umsebenzi womculo waphinde wahlukanisa umphakathi. UDebussy wayenabo bobabili abathandwayo nalabo abangazange bawuthathele phezulu umsebenzi walo mFulentshi.
Naphezu kokuthi umbono wabagxeki bomculo wawuhlukene phakathi, i-Premiere ye-opera eyethulwe yaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Umdlalo wamukelwe ngemfudumalo izethameli. UDebussy waqinisa igunya lakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waba knight of the Order of the Legion of Honor. Qaphela ukuthi uhlelo oluphelele lomculo weshidi lwashicilelwa eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kokwethulwa komphumela wezwi.
Ngokushesha i-premiere yomunye wemisebenzi ejulile ye-repertoire kaDebussy yenzeka. Sikhuluma ngengoma ye-symphonic ethi "Sea". Le ndaba yaphinde yavusa impikiswano. Naphezu kwalokhu, imisebenzi kaClaude yaya ngokuya izwakala kusukela ezigabeni zezinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ezingcono kakhulu zaseYurophu.
Impumelelo igqugquzele umqambi ongumFulentshi emisebenzini emisha. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elisha, wadala mhlawumbe izingcezu ezidume kakhulu zopiyano. Okuphawuleka kakhulu "ama-Preludes", aqukethe izincwadi ezimbili zokubhalela.
Ngo-1914 waqala ukubhala umjikelezo we-sonatas. Maye, akawuqedanga umsebenzi wakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi, impilo ye-maestro yanyakaziswa kakhulu. Ngo-1917 waqamba izingoma zepiyano ne-violin. Lokhu kwaba ukuphela komsebenzi wakhe.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu kaClaude Debussy
Ngokungangabazeki, umqambi wajabulela impumelelo ngobulili obuhle. Intshisekelo yokuqala kaDebussy yayingowesifazane waseFrance othandekayo ogama lakhe linguMarie. Ngesikhathi bejwayelana, wayeshade noHenri Vasnier. Waba yinkosikazi kaClaude futhi wamduduza iminyaka engu-7.
Intombazane yathola amandla kuyo futhi yahlukana noDebussy. UMarie wabuyela kumyeni wakhe. KuClaudie, owesifazane ongumFulentshi oshadile usephenduke imyuziyamu yangempela. Wanikezela izingoma zomculo ezingaphezu kuka-20 entombazaneni.
Akazange adabuke isikhathi eside futhi wathola induduzo ezingalweni zikaGabrielle Dupont. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, abathandi banquma ukuthatha ubuhlobo babo ezingeni elisha. Laba bashadikazi bazinza efulethini elilodwa. Kodwa uDebussy waphenduka indoda engathembekile - wakhohlisa okhethiwe noTeresa Roger. Ngo-1894, wacela owesifazane. Abangane bakaClaude bakugxeka ukuziphatha kwakhe. Benza konke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lo mshado awuweli.
UClaude washada kuphela ngemva kweminyaka emi-5. Kulokhu kwakunguMarie-Rosalie Textier owantshontsha inhliziyo yakhe. Owesifazane akazange alinge ukuba umfazi womqambi isikhathi eside. Waya kulo mkhuba, wathi uma engashadanga uzozibulala.
Inkosikazi, yayinobuhle baphezulu, kodwa yayingenangqondo futhi iyisiphukuphuku. Wayengawuqondi nhlobo umculo futhi engakwazi ukugcina inkampani yakwaDebussy. Ngaphandle kokucabanga kabili, uClaude uthumela le ntokazi kubazali bayo futhi iqala ubuhlobo nowesifazane oshadile okuthiwa u-Emma Bardak. Inkosikazi esemthethweni, eyathola ngobuqili bomyeni wayo, yazama ukuzibulala. Lapho abangani bethola ngezigigaba ezilandelayo zikaDebussy, bamgxeka.
Ngo-1905, inkosikazi kaClaude yakhulelwa. UDebussy, ezama ukuvikela othandekayo wakhe, wamthuthela eLondon. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lo mbhangqwana wabuyela eParis. Owesifazane wazala indodakazi kumqambi. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu bashada.
Ukufa kukaClaude Debussy
Ngo-1908, wanikezwa ukuxilongwa okudumazayo. Iminyaka eyi-10, umqambi ubenenkinga yomdlavuza we-colorectal. Wahlinzwa. Maye, ukuhlinzwa akuzange kusithuthukise isimo sikaClaude.
Ezinyangeni zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe, akazange aqambe imisebenzi yomculo. Kwakunzima kuye ukwenza izinto eziyisisekelo. Wayehoxisiwe futhi engahlali nabantu. Ngokunokwenzeka, uDebussy waqonda ukuthi uzofa maduzane.
Waphila ngenxa yokunakekelwa komkakhe osemthethweni kanye nendodakazi yabo evamile. Ngo-1918, ukwelashwa akusasizi. Wafa ngo-March 25, 1918. Washonela emzini wakhe, enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance.
Izihlobo azikwazanga ukuhlela umngcwabo onesizotha. Konke kungenxa yeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ibhokisi lomngcwabo we-maestro lahanjiswa emigwaqweni yaseFrance engenalutho.
