Uma kukhulunywa ngabaculi be-opera, u-Enrico Caruso kufanele ukubalula nakanjani.
I-tenor edumile yazo zonke izikhathi nezinkathi, umnikazi wezwi le-baritone elithambile, wayephethe indlela yezwi ehlukile yokushintshela kunothi lobude obuthile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwengxenye.
Akumangalisi ukuthi umqambi odumile wase-Italy u-Giacomo Puccini, ezwa izwi lika-Enrico okokuqala, wambiza ngokuthi "isithunywa sikaNkulunkulu."
Eminyakeni engu-10 ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, umculi wezingoma ze-opera waqashelwa ngokuthi "inkosi yezintambo". Futhi inkathi lapho umculi ehlala khona ngokuziqhenya ngokuthi "Karuzov sika".
Ngakho ubani lo “mkhuba” ngokwamandla kanye ne-timbre? Kungani ebizwa ngokuthi omkhulu phakathi kwabakhulu futhi wabeka ngokulingana nezinganekwane zesiteji se-opera uRuffo noChaliapin? Kungani imisebenzi yakhe yomculo isadumile?
Ubunzima bobuntwana buka-Enrico Caruso
Umnikazi wethalente elihlakaniphile lezwi wazalelwa e-Italy emaphethelweni eNaples enelanga ngoFebhuwari 25, 1873 endaweni yezimboni. Abazali bosaziwayo bakusasa baphila kabi kakhulu.
Esemncane, umfana wathunyelwa esikoleni, lapho athola khona imfundo yamabanga aphansi kuphela, efunda izisekelo zokudweba lobuchwepheshe nokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo zokubhala nokubala.
Ubaba womculi (umakhenikha ngokomsebenzi) wayenephupho lokuthi indodana yakhe izohamba ezinyathelweni zakhe. Ngokushesha nje lapho uCaruso eneminyaka engu-11 ubudala, wathunyelwa ukuba ayofundela unjiniyela ayemjwayele. Nokho, u-Enrico wayengenasithakazelo ekwakhiweni nasekwakheni. Wayethanda ukucula ekwayeni yesonto.
Lapho le nsizwa ineminyaka engu-15 ubudala, unina wabulawa ikholera. Impilo isinzima kakhulu ngokwezimali. Ukuze isinde, le nsizwa yanquma ukusiza uyise.
Eshiya izifundo zakhe, u-Enrico wathola umsebenzi eshabhu, kodwa akazange ayeke ukucula ethempelini. Amakholwa ayebabaza izwi elimangalisayo lale nsizwa. Wamenywa ukuba aculele isithandwa sakhe ama-serenade, ekhokhela ngokukhululekile izinkonzo.
Egqugquzelwe umbono womphakathi, uCaruso waphuma wayocula yedwa emgwaqeni. Umsebenzi onjalo wawuletha imali encane kodwa ezinzile emkhayeni.
Umhlangano ojabulisayo noGuglielmo Vergine
Akwaziwa ukuthi kufanele enze malini "amakhonsathi" emigwaqweni yomphakathi, enza izingoma zomdabu zaseNeapolitan nama-ballads, uma ngolunye usuku phakathi nomdlalo onjalo umculi osemusha onethalente engazange abonwe omunye wothisha besikole samagama, uGuglielmo. I-Vergine.
Nguye owancenga uyise womfana (uMarcello Caruso) ukuba athumele indodana yakhe esikoleni somculo. UMarcello akazange athembele empumelelweni, kodwa wavuma.
Ngokushesha, uVergine wethula insizwa enesiphiwo kumculi we-opera onethonya uMasini. I-tenor evelele yayiwazisa kakhulu amakhono omfundi, yaphawula ukuthi kumelwe umuntu akwazi ukusebenzisa isipho esingokwemvelo.
Ukomela ukuphuma ebuphofini kanye nesifiso sokuduma kwawenza umsebenzi wabo. U-Caruso wasebenza kanzima kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe futhi wazikhandla, ngenxa yokuthi wathola ukuqashelwa kwendawo yonke hhayi kuphela ekhaya, kodwa nangaphandle kwemingcele yayo.
Izigaba eziyinhloko zomsebenzi wokudala we-Enrico Caruso
Indawo yokuqala, "ihora elihle kakhulu" ekunqobeni isiteji kwaba ukusebenza kwengxenye ye-Enzo ku-opera La Gioconda ngo-1897 ePalermo. Nokho, ukukhuphuka kokunqoba kugcine ngokuhluleka okuphawulekayo.
Ukuzikhukhumeza okwedlulele noma ukungafuni ukuhlukana nemali ukuze ukhokhele izinkonzo zama-clackers kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi umphakathi awuzange ukwazise ukusebenza kwawo.
U-Enrico, edumazekile ezilalelini zaseNeapolitan, wavakashela amanye amazwe namadolobha ase-Italy. Indawo yokuqala yayikude futhi ingaziwa eRussia. Kwakuyimidlalo yangaphandle eyayiqhakambisa umculi.
Ngo-1900 wabuyela ezweni lakubo elincane. Njengomdlali odumile wezingxenye ze-opera, usevele wenza esiteji endaweni yodumo iLa Scala.
Ngokushesha uCaruso waphinde wathatha uhambo. Wanikeza amakhonsathi eLondon, Berlin, Hamburg nakwamanye amadolobha aseYurophu.
Kodwa izwi lakhe eliwumlingo lenze ukuchaphazeka kwangempela kubathandi baseMelika bohlobo lwe-opera. Ngemva kokucula okokuqala e-Metropolitan Opera (eNew York) ngo-1903, umculi waba umculi ohamba yedwa wemidlalo yaseshashalazini cishe iminyaka engu-20. Ukugula kwalo mculi nokufa kungazelelwe kumvimbe ekutheni aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe odidayo.
Ama-arias adume kakhulu nezingoma ezenziwa ngu-Enrico Caruso:
- "Love Potion" - Nemorino.
- "Rigoletto" - The Duke.
- "UCarmen" - uJose.
- "Aida" - Radames.
- I-Pagliacci - Canio.
- O Sole Mio.
Amaqiniso avela empilweni yomuntu siqu
UCaruso wajabulela impumelelo nabobulili obuhlukile. Ubudlelwano bokuqala balo mculi babune-opera yase-Italy i-Ada Giachetti. Kodwa-ke, abantu abasha abazange bahlele ubuhlobo, njengoba bahlala iminyaka engu-11 emshadweni womphakathi.
U-Ada wazala umyeni wakhe izingane ezine, ezimbili zazo ezashona zisencane. Lo mbhangqwana wahlukana ngesinyathelo somfazi, owabalekela isithandwa sakhe sangaphambili nesithandwa esisha - umshayeli.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi u-Enrico Caruso wayeshade ngokusemthethweni kanye. Umkakhe wayeyindodakazi kasozigidi waseMelika uDorothy Park Benjamin, owayenaye kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.
I-tenor edumile yafa eneminyaka engu-48 kusukela ku-purulent pleurisy (Agasti 2, 1921). Cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-80 beza bezovalelisa kumculi wabo we-opera oyintandokazi.
Isidumbu esigqunyiwe sasigcinwe engilazini ye-sarcophagus emathuneni aseNaples. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa nje umufi wangcwatshwa ethuneni letshe.
Ulwazi oluthakazelisayo oluvela ku-biography yomculi
- Ekhumbula umyeni wakhe ongasekho, uDorothy washicilela izincwadi ezi-2 ezinikezelwe empilweni yomyeni onekhono nothandekayo.
- UCaruso ungumculi wokuqala we-opera owaqopha i-arias ekusebenzeni kwakhe kwirekhodi legramophone.
- Njengomunye wabaculi abafunwa kakhulu, u-Enrico waziwa nangokuthi umqoqi wezinto zakudala, izinhlamvu zemali ezindala nezitembu.
- Umculi udwebe ama-caricatures nama-caricatures kahle, wadlala izinsimbi zomculo eziningana, waqamba imisebenzi yakhe ("Serenade", "Sweet Torments").
- Ngemva kokushona kwe-tenor edumile, ikhandlela elikhulu lenziwa labiza ngaphezu kuka-$3500 (inani elikhulu ngalezo zinsuku). Kwakungakhanyiswa kanye kuphela ngonyaka phambi kobuso bukaMadonna ebandleni laseMelika iSt. Pompey.
Isipho semvelo, indlela yasekuqaleni yokwenza izingxenye ze-opera ezinengoma nedrama, amandla nokukhuthala kwavumela u-Enrico Caruso ukuthi afinyelele imigomo yakhe futhi afanelwe ukuqashelwa umhlaba wonke.
Namuhla, igama elithi Caruso seliyigama lasekhaya. Yile ndlela ababiza ngayo amathalenta angempela, abanikazi bamakhono akhethekile okukhuluma. Ukuqhathaniswa nenye yezinkathi ezinkulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izinkathi kuwudumo olukhulu kumdlali.
