U-Gioacchino Antonio Rossini ungumqambi nombhidisi wase-Italy. Wayebizwa ngokuthi inkosi yomculo we-classic. Wathola ukuqashelwa ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe.
Ukuphila kwakhe kwakugcwele izikhathi ezijabulisayo nezibuhlungu. Umzwelo ngamunye onolwazi waphefumulela i-maestro ukubhala imisebenzi yomculo. Okudaliwe kukaRossini sekube yisakhiwo sodumo ezizukulwaneni eziningi ze-classicism.
Ubuntwana nobusha
I-maestro yazalwa ngoFebhuwari 29, 1792 endaweni yedolobha lase-Italy lesifundazwe. Inhloko yomndeni yasebenza njengomculi, futhi unina wasebenza njengomthungi.
Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi uRossini wazuza uthando lwakhe lomculo kuyise. Wamnika ukuzwa okuphelele, nekhono lokudlulisa umculo enhliziyweni. Amanye amathalente akhe, umfana wathatha kunina.
Inhloko yomndeni yayihlukaniswa hhayi kuphela ngokunambitheka kwakhe okuhle komculo. Wayengesabi ukuveza owakhe umbono. Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa indoda izwakalise umbono wayo ngokumelene nohulumeni wamanje, okwakudingeka ihlale ejele.
Umama kaRossini, u-Anna, uthole ithalente lakhe lokucula eminyakeni eyisithupha ngemuva kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe. Lona wesifazane waqala ukusebenza njengomculi we-opera. Iminyaka engu-10, u-Anna wanikeza amakhonsathi ezindaweni zaseshashalazini ezihamba phambili eYurophu, kwaze kwaba yilapho izwi lakhe liqala ukuphuka.
Ngo-1802 umndeni wathuthela edolobheni laseLugo. Lapha, uRossini omncane wathola imfundo yakhe eyisisekelo. Umpristi wendawo wethula le nsizwa izincwadi zabaqambi abadumile. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, waqala ukuzwa izingoma ezinekhono zikaMozart noHaydn.
Eminyakeni yakhe yobusha, wayeseqambe ama-sonata amaningi. Maye, le misebenzi yethulwa emphakathini kuphela ngemuva kokutholakala kwabaxhasi abanikeze uRossini uxhaso lwezimali. Kakade ngo-1806, le nsizwa yangena eLiceo Musicale. Esikhungweni semfundo, wathuthukisa ikhono lakhe lokukhuluma, wafunda ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo eziningana, futhi wazi kahle izinto eziyisisekelo zokuqamba.
Ngesikhathi efunda, wayesebenza endaweni yeshashalazi. I-baritone tenor yakhe yakhanga izethameli ezinenkani. Amakhonsathi kaRossini aqhutshelwa ehholo eligcwele. Phakathi nesikhathi esifanayo, wabhala amaphuzu amahle kakhulu edrama ethi "Demetrius and Polybius". Qaphela ukuthi lena i-opera yokuqala ye-maestro.
Inhloko yomndeni nomama kaRossini, njengabantu bokudala, baqonda ukuthi i-opera yayichuma emhlabeni. Isikhungo salolu hlobo ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyiVenice. Ngaphandle kokucabanga kabili, lo mkhaya wanquma ukuthumela indodana yawo ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kukaMorandi, owayehlala e-Italy.
Indlela yokudala nomculo wengcweti Gioacchino Antonio Rossini
"UDemetrius noPolybius" kwakuyincwadi yokuqala ye-maestro ngesikhathi sokubhala. I-“Promissory Note for Marriage” iwuhlelo lokuqala, obekungokokuqala ngqa olwenziwe kule thiyetha. Ngokukhiqizwa, wathola inani elimangalisayo ngaleso sikhathi. Impumelelo yashukumisela uRossini ukuba abhale eminye imisebenzi emithathu.
Umqambi akabhalelanga i-Italy kuphela. Ukwethulwa kombono wakhe we-Haydn's Four Seasons kwenzeka e-Bologna. Umsebenzi kaRossini wamukelwe ngemfudumalo, kodwa kube nenkinga nge-"Strange Case". Lo msebenzi wemukelwa kahle ngumphakathi futhi wabhekana nokubuyekezwa okungekuhle ngabagxeki bomculo. Qaphela ukuthi yomibili le midlalo yadlalwa ezinkundleni zeshashalazi zaseFerrari naseRome.
Ngo-1812, i-opera ethi "Ithuba Lenza Isela, noma Amasudikesi Axubile" yadlalwa. Ngokumangalisayo, umsebenzi usuhlelwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-50. Ukuthandwa kukaRossini kwakumangalisa. Iqiniso lokuthi wayephakathi kwabaqambi abaphumelele kakhulu lamkhulula enkonzweni yezempi.
Lokhu kwalandelwa isethulo se-opera ethi "Tancred". Ayihanjiswanga e-Italy kuphela. Umboniso wayo wokuqala ube yimpumelelo enkulu eLondon naseNew York. Kuzothatha amasonto ambalwa kuphela ukuthi umculi we-maestro wethule Intombazane yase-Italian e-Algiers, ephinde yadlala okokuqala ngempumelelo enkulu.
Isiteji esisha empilweni ye-maestro
Ekuqaleni kuka-1815, kwavuleka elinye ikhasi elithakazelisayo kumlando wokudala womqambi. Entwasahlobo wathuthela endaweni yaseNaples. Wayephethe izinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini nezindawo ze-opera ezihamba phambili ezweni.
Ngaleso sikhathi, iNaples yayibizwa ngokuthi inhloko-dolobha ye-opera yaseYurophu. Uhlobo lwesiNtaliyane, uRossini afika nalo, aluzange luthandane nomphakathi ngokushesha. Imisebenzi eminingi yomqambi yamukelwa ngobudlova obuthile. Kodwa konke kwashintsha ngemva kokubhalwa kwe-opera "Elizabeth, iNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi." Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi indalo yadalwa ngesisekelo sezingcaphuno ezivela kwamanye ama-maestro opera asevele ethandwa ngabalaleli, okungukuthi, umculo ongcono kakhulu. URossini waphumelela kakhulu.
Endaweni entsha, wabhala ngomoya ophansi. Wayengadingi ukushesha. Kusukela kulokhu, imisebenzi yalesi sikhathi yaba ubuhlakani kakhulu - babegcwele ukuzola bewitching nokuzwana. Wayehola ama-orchestra, ukuze akwazi ukusebenzisa izinkonzo zabaculi. Phakathi neminyaka engu-7 eseNaples, waqamba ama-opera angaphezu kuka-15.
I-Peak of Gioacchino Antonio Rossini's popularity
ERoma, i-maestro iqamba omunye wemisebenzi egqame kakhulu ye-repertoire yakhe. Namuhla, i-Barber yase-Seville ithathwa njengekhadi lokushaya lika-Rossini. Kwadingeka ashintshe isihloko se-opera sithi "Almaviva, noma Vain Precaution" ngoba umsebenzi onesihloko esithi "The Barber of Seville" wawusuthathiwe. Lo msebenzi walethela uRossini ukuthandwa emhlabeni wonke. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, wabhala eminye imisebenzi eminingi, engakhaliphile kangako.
Ukukhula konakaliswe ukwehluleka. Ngo-1819, i-maestro yethula umsebenzi kaHermione emphakathini. Umsebenzi wemukelwa ngamakhaza emphakathini. Ukwamukelwa okubandayo kwabonisa uRossini ukuthi umphakathi waseNaples wawukhathele yimisebenzi yakhe. Wasebenzisa leli thuba futhi wathuthela eVienna.
Lapho uNgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zangaphandle ezwa ukuthi uRossini ngokwakhe uzile kuleli, wanika umpetha zonke izinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ukuze zisetshenziswe. Iqiniso liwukuthi lesi sikhulu sasibheka imisebenzi yomqambi njengekude nezombusazwe, ngakho-ke asizange sibone noma yikuphi usongo olungase lube khona kuye.
Kwakukwenye yezindawo eVienna lapho ezwa khona "i-Symphony No. 3" emangalisayo, okwakungeyokuqanjwa kukaBeethoven. URossini wayefisa ukuhlangana nomqambi odumile. Kwaphela isikhathi eside engazange alinge ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuqala sokuxhumana. Akazange akhulume izilimi, ngaphandle kwalokho, ubuthulu bukaBeethoven nabo baba isithiyo ekuxhumaneni. Kodwa, lapho bethola ithuba lokukhuluma, uLudwig weluleka uRossini ukuthi athathe umhlahlandlela womculo wokuzijabulisa, ashiye i-opera ngemuva.
Ngokushesha, i-premiere ye-opera "Semiramide" yenzeka eVenice. Ngemva kwalokho, uMaestro wathuthela eLondon. Wabe esevakashela eParis. Enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance, wadala amanye ama-opera amathathu.
Imisebenzi emisha
Omunye umsebenzi osezingeni eliphezulu womqambi awunakuzitshwa. Ngo-1829, i-premiere ye-opera ethi "William Tell" yenzeka, eyabhalwa yi-maestro ngokusekelwe emdlalweni kaSchiller. I-overture ingenye yezingxenye ze-orchestra ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni. Waze wazwakala ochungechungeni lwe-animated "Mickey Mouse".
Ensimini yaseParis, i-maestro kwadingeka ibhale eminye imisebenzi eminingana. Izinhlelo zakhe zazihlanganisa nokubhalela uFaust umculo ohambisana nomculo. Kodwa okuwukuphela kwemisebenzi ebalulekile eyabhalwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi kwakuyi: Stabat Mater, kanye neqoqo lezingoma zamasaluni Omculo Wakusihlwa.
Omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yeminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe kwaba "I-Little Solemn Mass", eyabhalwa ngo-1863. Umsebenzi owethulwe wathola ukuthandwa kuphela ngemva kokufa maestro.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu ka-Gioacchino Antonio Rossini
I-maestro ayizange ithande ukusabalalisa ulwazi mayelana nempilo yakhe siqu. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, amanoveli akhe amaningi anabaculi be-opera awakwazanga ukufihlwa emphakathini. Owesifazane obaluleke kakhulu empilweni ye-maestro ehlakaniphile kwakungu-Isabella Colbran.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, wezwa ukucula okumangalisayo kowesifazane ngo-1807 esiteji saseBologna. Lapho ethuthela endaweni yaseNaples, wabhala izingoma zomkakhe kuphela. U-Isabella wayengumlingisi oyinhloko cishe kuwo wonke ama-opera akhe. Ngo-March 1822, wathatha owesifazane njengomkakhe osemthethweni. Kwakuyinyunyana evuthiwe. KwakunguRossini owaphikelela esinqumweni sokwenza ubuhlobo bube semthethweni.
Ngo-1830, u-Isabella noRossini babonana okokugcina. I-maestro yathuthela eParis, futhi i-Olympia Pelissier ethile yaba yinto yakhe entsha yokuzilibazisa. Wayesebenza njengomfundisi.
Ngenxa kaRossini, washintsha umsebenzi wakhe waba isancinza esikahle. Wayethanda u-maestro futhi emlalela. Ngo-1846, wahlongoza intombazane umshado. Bashada futhi bahlala esitolo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Ngendlela, akazange ashiye izindlalifa zikaRossini ngemuva.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi
- Lapho uRossini ebona izimo isithixo sakhe esiphila kuzo, wamangala kakhulu. UBeethoven wayezungezwe ubumpofu, kuyilapho uRossini ngokwakhe ephila ngokuchuma.
- Ngemva kweminyaka engu-40, impilo yakhe yawohloka kakhulu. Wahlushwa ukucindezeleka nokuqwasha. Isimo sakhe sengqondo sasishintsha njalo. Ebusuku, wayekwazi ukudembesela - wayekhala uma usuku lungakhiqizi ngendlela ehleliwe.
- Wayevame ukuqamba amagama angavamile emisebenzini yakhe. Kubaluleke ngani ukudalwa kwe-"Four Appetizers and Four Desserts" kanye "Ne-Convulsive Prelude".
Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo ye-maestro
Ngemva kokushona kukaMama uRossini, impilo yakhe yawohloka kakhulu. Waba nesifo sohudo, okwaholela ezinkingeni eziningi. Wahlushwa i-urethritis, i-arthritis nokucindezeleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-maestro yahlushwa ukukhuluphala. Kwakuthiwa wayeyigourmet enkulu, futhi wayengakwazi ukumelana nokudla okumnandi.
Wafa ngoNovemba 13, 1868. Isizathu sokufa kwakuyizifo ezibalwe, kanye nokungenelela kokuhlinzwa okungaphumelelanga, okwenziwa ukuze kukhishwe isisu ku-rectum.
