U-Herbert von Karajan akadingi singeniso. Umbhidisi wase-Austrian usezuze ukuduma ngale kwemingcele yezwe lakubo. Ngemva kwakhe, washiya ifa elicebile lokudala kanye ne-biography ethakazelisayo.
Ubuntwana nobusha
Wazalwa ekuqaleni kuka-April 1908. Abazali bakaHerbert babengahlangene nokusungula izinto. Inhloko yomkhaya yayingudokotela ohlonishwayo. Ngokusho kwalo mculi, ubemthanda futhi emesaba kancane uyise. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kumvimbele ukuba akhe ubuhlobo obunobungane nobufudumele naye.
Iqhaza elibalulekile kumlando kaHerbert wakuqala wadlalwa ngumkhulu wakhe. Ngendlela, le ndoda yazibona ingumthengisi. Wayeyizicukuthwane futhi wagxilisa kumzukulu wakhe ukukhuliswa okufanele.
UHerbert wayewuthanda umculo kusukela esemncane. Ukuzilibazisa kwendodana kwasekelwa abazali bakhe, abangazange "bafake ingcindezi" kule nsizwa, futhi bamsekela esinqumweni sokuthola imfundo yomculo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, le nsizwa yathola indawo efanelekayo yaseshashalazini German.
Indlela yokudala ye-maestro u-Herbert von Karajan
Ithalenta elincane ladumala kakhulu lapho licelwa ukuba lishiye i-Ulm yaseshashalazini. Uthe esehamba watshela ozakwabo ukuthi isikhathi sakhe besingakafiki kodwa uzoduma.
Ngokushesha wahlangana no-E. Grosse onekhono (ilungu le-SS). Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, u-Herbert owayejwayelene naye wasebenza njengomqondisi wezobuciko we-Aachen Theatre. Grosse, usize umculi othembisayo ukuba enze amakhonsathi e-symphony kanye nemidlalo ye-opera enkundleni yakhe yeshashalazi. Umsebenzi we-maestro ngalesi sikhathi wawulandelwa nguRudolf Vedder.
Ukujwayelana nobuntu obethulwe "kwenze mnyama" umlando womculi. Enkathini yangemva kwempi, wayenesifiso sokusula unomphela ulwazi mayelana nobungane nalaba bantu. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, uHerbert wenqaba ngokuphelele ukunyathelisa ngaleyo minyaka yokuphila kwakhe. Umdwebi akazange akwenzele ize lokhu, ngoba ngenxa yemibhalo esekhona, kwakungenzeka ukufakazela ukungena kwakhe kabili ezinhlwini ze-NSRPG. U-conductor ngokwakhe wabiza lobu bufakazi obungenakuphikiswa njengobumbulu.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-30, igama lakhe laqala ukuxoxwa ngenkuthalo ngabagxeki nabalandeli. Iqiniso liwukuthi waqhuba i-opera kaR. Wagner ethi Tristan ne-Isolde. Ngalesi sikhathi, uHermann Goering wema ngemuva kwakhe. Akunakushiwo ukuthi i-biography yakhe, kuhlanganise neyokudala, ithuthukiswe ngempumelelo. Wayengamthandi u-Adolf Hitler.
Ababhali bomlando wokuphila kwabantu bachaza "ukungathandi" kukaHitler uHerbert ngokuthi umbusi wayethanda umsebenzi kaWagner. Wake wacula umculi, kodwa ngephutha umculi wenza umugqa ongafanele. Ikhonsathi yayihanjelwe u-A. Hitler, owakhiphela yonke intukuthelo yakhe kuHerbert. Lesi sakamuva sasincamela ukusebenza ngaphandle kwamanothi, ngakho umbusi wabheka ukuthi ukwengamela kwakuyiphutha likamqhubi.
Isimo eJalimane siba sibi minyaka yonke. I-orchestra kaHerbert yayithola ngokukhethekile. Isimo sabhebhethekiswa nawukuthi uHerbert waphenywa kaningi ngezinsolo zokusebenzelana nabamelene nobufascist. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akuphenywanga i-maestro kuphela, kodwa futhi nabo bonke labo abenenhlonipho yokusebenza nabo.
Ukusuka eJalimane
Maphakathi nawo-40 ekhulwini elidlule, waphoqeleka ukuba ahambe eJalimane. Yiqiniso, umqhubi wayengafuni ukuhamba kuleli zwe, njengoba ayejwayele indawo nezilaleli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalesi sikhathi wakwazi ukuthola inani elimangalisayo labalandeli.
Kodwa noma kunjalo, kwakuyisinqumo esihlakaniphile. Ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi kaHerbert wawaziwa ngale kwemingcele yaseJalimane. Ngokushesha waba umqondisi wezobuciko weNhlangano Yabangane Bomculo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakwazi ukusebenza ezindaweni eziningi zeshashalazi ezivelele. U-Herbert usezuze isipiliyoni esanele sokubizwa ngochwepheshe emkhakheni wakhe.
Maphakathi nawo-50, wathola isikhundla esihle kakhulu. Waba inhloko yePhilharmonic Orchestra. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, usebenza ne-Vienna State Opera, ephethe isikhundla somqondisi wezobuciko.
Lapho ikusasa likaHerbert selikhohlakala ngempumelelo, wakwazi ukuxhumana nosopolitiki nezinye izicukuthwane. Umsebenzi wakhe wawuthakaselwa hhayi izikhulu kuphela, kodwa futhi izakhamuzi ezivamile.
U-Herbert wayevame ukugxekwa ngokuqopha umculo ngaphambi kuka-1945. Wayengavamile ukucula izingoma zabantu besikhathi sakhe.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu ye-maestro
U-Herbert ubelokhu ephakathi kokunakwa kwabesifazane. Washada okokuqala ebusheni bakhe, kodwa le nyunyana ayizange imjabulise. Ngokushesha intsha yanquma ukuhamba. Owesibili okhethiwe omunye umqhubi abanamakhono kwaba ebukekayo Anita Gütermann.
Unkosikazi wesibili waletha izinkinga ezinkulu ku-maestro ngenxa yezimpande zamaJuda. UHerbert waze washushiswa. Bacela kuye ukuba aphule bonke ubuhlobo nowesifazane, kodwa i-maestro ayizange nje ihlukanise nomkakhe, kodwa futhi yavikela ilungelo lobumfihlo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, wayelokhu esongelwa, kodwa uHerbert akazange enze amaqhinga. Wahlala eqinile.
Kodwa noma kunjalo, impilo yomuntu siqu nomfazi wesibili ayizange iphumelele, futhi lo mbhangqwana wanquma ukuhlukana. Unkosikazi wesithathu we-maestro kwakungu-Eletta von Karajan. Ngesikhathi somshado, umqhubi wayeneminyaka engu-50 ubudala, futhi umngane wakhe wayeneminyaka engu-19 kuphela. Bahlangana eSaint-Tropez.
Bahlangana ngesikhathi u-Eletta ehamba nezintombi zakhe esikebheni. Ngaphandle kwamantombazane, kwakunezivakashi eziningi ezimenyiwe. Khona kanye emcimbini, intombazane yayiguliswa ulwandle. UHerbert waziphatha njengendoda ehloniphekile. Wamkhipha esikebheni futhi wamemela endaweni yokudlela ebizayo. Umdwebi wathandana nentombazane ebukekayo ekuqaleni kokubona.
Ngokulandelayo bahlangana ngemva konyaka kuphela. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, le ntombazane yasebenza njengesibonelo sikaChristian Dior ngokwakhe. Ukuthwebula izithombe kuka-Eletta kwenzeka eLondon. Ngemva komsebenzi, umngane wakhe wammemela ekhonsathini ye-Philharmonic Orchestra.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, uHerbert wama esitendeni sikamqhubi. Baxoxa ngemva kwekhonsathi bavumelana ngosuku. Kusukela lapho, umbhangqwana awuzange uhlukane. Lo wesifazane wazala amadodakazi abukekayo kulo mculi.
Herbert von Karajan: amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Wayeyilungu leQembu LamaNazi, elingahlanganisi umlando othopha kakhulu.
- Iciko libe nesandla ekusunguleni ifomethi yomsindo wedijithali yama-CD.
- Akakaze asebenzele "penny". Ukuvela kwakhe esiteji kwakuhlale kuhlanganisa nezindleko ezimangalisayo.
Ukushona komdwebi u-Herbert von Karajan
Washona ngoJulayi 16, 1989. Ngesikhathi efa, wayeneminyaka engaphezu kuka-80 ubudala. Naphezu kokungagwegwesi ukungaphatheki kahle, wahamba esiteji kwaze kwaba sezinsukwini zokugcina. U-Herbert akakwazanga ukucabanga impilo yakhe ngaphandle komculo, ngakho waphoqeleka ukuba "asebenze".
Isimiso somsebenzi kanye nempilo ebuthaka kwaba umphumela. Wabulawa i-myocardial infarction.
