UJessye Norman ungomunye wabaculi be-opera abaqanjwe kakhulu emhlabeni. I-soprano yakhe ne-mezzo-soprano - yanqoba abathandi bomculo abangaphezu kwesigidi emhlabeni jikelele. Lo mculi wacula emcimbini wokugcotshwa kukamongameli uRonald Reagan noBill Clinton, waphinde wakhunjulwa abalandeli bakhe ngobungqabavu bakhe obungakhathali. Abagxeki babize uNorman ngokuthi "Black Panther", futhi "abalandeli" bamane bakhonze umculi omnyama. Izwi labawine amaGrammy amaningi uJesse Norman kudala laziwa njengeliyingqayizivele.
Inkomba: I-Mezzo-soprano esikoleni sase-Italy ibizwa ngokuthi izwi elivula ingxenye yesithathu ngaphansi kwe-dramatic soprano.
Ubuntwana nobusha bukaJessye Norman
Usuku lokuzalwa lomdwebi lungoSepthemba 15, 1945. Wazalelwa e-Augusta, eGeorgia. UJessie wakhulela emkhayeni omkhulu. AmaNorman ayewuhlonipha umculo - ayewulalela njalo, kakhulu futhi "ngokulangazela".
Wonke amalungu omndeni omkhulu ayengabaculi abayizimfundamakhwela. Umama nogogo babesebenza njengabaculi, kanti ubaba wayecula ekwayeni yesonto. Abazalwane nodade bafunda ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo kusenesikhathi. Lesi siphetho asizange simdlule uJessie Norman owayentekenteke.
Ufunde eCharles T. Walker Elementary School. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uthando lwakhe oluyinhloko kwakuwukucula. Kusukela eneminyaka eyisikhombisa, u-Jesse ubelokhu ebamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni ehlukahlukene yomculo nokudala. Ngokuphindaphindiwe ezenzakalweni ezinjalo, ubuya ephethe ukunqoba ezandleni zakhe.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-9, abazali abakhathalelayo banikeza indodakazi yabo umsakazo. Wayethanda ukulalela ezakudala ezaziphuma njalo ngoMgqibelo ngenxa ye-Metropolitan Opera. UJessie wawajabulela kakhulu amazwi kaMarian Anderson noLeonyn Price. Engxoxweni evuthiwe, uzosho ukuthi yibona abamgqugquzele ukuthi aqale umsebenzi wakhe wokucula.
Imfundo uJesse Norman
Uthathe izifundo zezwi kuRosa Harris Sanders Crack. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, uNorman wafunda e-Interlochen School of Arts ngaphansi kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-opera. UJessie wasebenza kanzima futhi wathuthuka. Uthisha njengomuntu oyedwa wambikezela ikusasa elihle lomculo.
Ebusheni bakhe, waba umhlanganyeli ohlonishwayo Marian Anderson umncintiswano owawuseFinland. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uJessie akazange athathe indawo yokuqala - wabonakala ngesikhathi esifanele endaweni efanele.
Ukubamba iqhaza emqhudelwaneni womculo kwaholela ekunikezelweni komfundaze ogcwele e-Howard University. Uqhubekile nokucija ikhono lakhe lokucula ngaphansi kukaCaroline Grant. Maphakathi nawo-60 wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, intombazane enekhono yaba yingxenye yeGamma Sigma Sigma.
Ngemva konyaka, kanye nabanye abafundi nothisha abane besifazane, waba umsunguli wesahluko seDelta Nu seqembu lomculo iSigma Alpha Iota. Ngemva kokuphothula eSikoleni Sezobuciko, uJess wangena ePeabody Conservatory. Okulandelayo, ubelinde isikole somculo, imidlalo yeshashalazi nomdanso eNyuvesi yaseMichigan. Ekupheleni 60s, wathweswa iziqu nge honours esikhungweni semfundo.
Indlela yokudala ka-Jessye Norman
Ngama-70s wabonakala esiteji seLa Scala. Umdlalo kaJesse wamukelwe ngemfudumalo izilaleli zendawo. Kamuva, uzokwenza ngokuphindaphindiwe esiteji se-opera house eMilan.
Umsebenzi owengeziwe wekhonsathi ulindile u-Norman nabalandeli bakhe. UJessie waya ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba ukuze ajabulise abathandi bomculo ngezwi lakhe elimangalisayo.
Ngendlela, uJessie Norman ubelokhu ethatha ngokungathí sina umuntu wakhe. Inkontileka yakhe yekhonsathi ibinamaphuzu angu-86, abizwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezingozi ebezingafunwa nalo mculi.
Isibonelo, izakhiwo ngaphambi kokuzilolonga namakhonsathi kufanele zibe sesimweni esiphelele - zihlanzwe futhi zigezwe. Umculi angacula kuphela ekamelweni elinomswakama okhethekile, umoya kufanele uhlanzeke futhi ube musha. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-air conditioner egumbini lokuzilolonga akufakiwe.
Kuphela 80s ekhulwini elidlule waphinde wabuyela esigabeni opera izindlu. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uJessie wenza i-debut yakhe esiteji se-opera yaseMelika. Ngendlela, ngaphambi kwalokho, umculi wayejabulisa abantu bakubo kuphela ngokucula ezindaweni zekhonsathi.
Ngo-1983, ekugcineni wangena esiteji seMetropolitan Opera. Kwi-dilogy kaBerlioz ethi Les Troyens, uPlacido Domingo ngokwakhe wacula kanye naye. Umdlalo weshashalazi ube yimpumelelo enkulu. Ukwamukelwa okufudumele kwezilaleli kwashukumisa i-opera diva.
Ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-XNUMX, ubengomunye wabaculi be-opera abakhokhelwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Wayenomculo wakhe ocolisisiwe kanye nesethulo esithakazelisayo salolo lwazi.
Phakathi nomsebenzi wabo wokudala osebenzayo, baqopha amarekhodi ambalwa okomoya, kanye nemisebenzi yomculo edumile ngesiNgisi nesiFulentshi.
Umsebenzi womculi we-opera ku-"zero"
Ekuqaleni kwawo-2001, u-Jesse, kanye no-Kathleen Battle, bacula i-Mythodea, umculo we-NASA mission: XNUMX Mars Odyssey. Ngemva konyaka, waqopha ucezu lokushisekela izwe elithi America the Beautiful.
Waqhubeka nokusebenza kanzima, enza esiteji, aqophe izingoma ezingafi. Kuthe isikhashana wanyamalala emehlweni abalandeli.
Kuphela ngo-2012 lapho umculi we-opera aphule ukuthula kwakhe. Unikeze abalandeli i-albhamu emangalisa ngempela futhi ephawulekayo. Irekhodi likaJessie linikezelwe ku-jazz yakudala, i-gospel, i-soul. I-albhamu kaNorman yayinesihloko esithi Roots: My Life, My Song.
Inhlanganisela igqitshwe ngamaculo afana ne-Don't Get Around Much anymore, Stormy Weather kanye ne-Mack the Knife, amamiksi e-gospel ne-jazz. Ngendlela, umbono wabagxeki mayelana nerekhodi ubonakale ungaqondakali. Kodwa, abalandeli beqiniso, ukwamukelwa okupholile kochwepheshe kwakungekho ukukhathazeka okuncane.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomculi we-opera
- Umculi ungeniswe e-Georgia Music Hall of Fame.
- UNorman uthole iziqu zobudokotela ezihlonishwayo emculweni e-Oxford.
- Umculi we-opera wayenezwi elisukela ku-soprano eliphezulu ukuya ku-contralto.
- Wayengumlandeli weqiniso wamanoveli ezothando.
Jesse Norman: imininingwane yokuphila kwakhe siqu
Akazange akhulume ngempilo yakhe yangasese. Lo mculi ubengashadile ngokusemthethweni. Maye akashiyanga ndlalifa. UNorman uthe into ebaluleke kakhulu kuyena wukusebenzela umculo.
Ukufa kukaJessie Norman
Ngo-2015, walimala umgogodla. Lokhu kwalandelwa ukwelashwa isikhathi eside. Udlule emhlabeni ngoSepthemba 30, 2019. Isizathu sokufa kwaba ukushaqeka kwe-septic kanye nokwehluleka kwezitho eziningi. Zabangelwa izinkinga zokulimala komgogodla.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, akazange acule esiteji sezindlu ze-opera. UJessie ngezikhathi ezithile wayejabulisa abalandeli bomsebenzi wakhe ngokuvela ezindaweni zamakhonsathi. Konke kumayelana nokulimala.
Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, wagxila emsebenzini wezenhlalakahle osebenzayo. Umdwebi uzinikele ngokuphelele kubaculi abancane nabanekhono, abaculi nabaculi. Usehlele kaningi imicimbi yemikhosi yokuhlonipha amasiko ezwe lakubo.
UNorman wayeyilungu lezisekelo eziningana zokupha, futhi akazange amkhohlwe u-Augusta wakubo - lapho, ngaphansi kwephiko lakhe, kwakukhona ikolishi kanye nedolobha le-Opera Association.
