UJohn Lennon ungumculi odumile waseBrithani, umbhali wamaculo, umculi nomculi. Ubizwa ngokuthi ungqondongqondo wekhulu lama-XNUMX. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe okufushane, wakwazi ukuthonya inkambo yomlando womhlaba, futhi ikakhulukazi umculo.
Ubuntwana nobusha bomculi
UJohn Lennon wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 9, 1940 eLiverpool. Umfana wayengenaso isikhathi sokujabulela ukuphila komkhaya okunokuthula. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kukaLennon omncane, uyise wayiswa phambili, futhi unina wahlangana nenye indoda futhi wamshada.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala, umama wathumela indodana yakhe kudadewabo, uMimi Smith. Umamncane wayengenazo izingane, futhi wazama ukuvala isikhala sikanina kaJohn. Lennon uthi:
“Ngiseyingane ngangingakaze ngimbone umama. Wahlela ukuphila kwakhe siqu, ngakho ngaba umthwalo kuye. Umama wangivakashela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, saba abangane abakhulu. Ngangingalwazi uthando lukamama ... ".
U-Lennon wayene-IQ ephezulu. Naphezu kwalokhu, umfana wafunda kabi esikoleni. UJohn wakhuluma ngendlela imfundo yesikole embeka ngayo emikhawulweni ethile, futhi wayefuna ukweqa imingcele eyamukelwa ngokuvamile.
ULennon waqala ukuveza amandla akhe okudala ebuntwaneni. Wacula ekwayeni, wapenda, washicilela owakhe umagazini. U-Anti wayevame ukuthi wayezoba usizo, futhi wayengaphazami ekubikezeleni kwakhe.
Indlela yokudala kaJohn Lennon
ENgilandi, ngawo-1950. Izwe lalichuma ngokoqobo i-rock and roll. Cishe yonke intsha yesithathu yayiphupha ngeqembu layo. U-Lennon akazange ahlale kude nalo mnyakazo. Waba umsunguli we-Quarrymen.
Ngemva konyaka, elinye ilungu lajoyina iqembu. Wayengomncane kunabo bonke, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, wayenekhono elihle ekudlaleni isiginci. KwakunguPaul McCartney, owafika noGeorge Harrison, owafunda naye.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uJohn Lennon waphothula esikoleni esibanzi. Wazibhala zonke izivivinyo zakhe. Okuwukuphela kwesikhungo semfundo esavuma ukwamukela uJohn ukuze aqeqeshwe kwakuyiLiverpool College of Art.
UJohn Lennon ngokwakhe wayengaqondi ukuthi kungani engena ekolishi lobuciko. Le nsizwa yachitha cishe sonke isikhathi sayo samahhala enkampanini kaPaul, uGeorge noStuart Sutcliffe.
UJohn wahlangana nentsha ekolishi futhi wabamema ngomusa ukuba babe yingxenye yeThe Quarrymen. Abafana babedlala ibhesi eqenjini. Ngokushesha abaculi bashintsha igama leqembu laba yi-Long Johnny ne-Silver Beetles, futhi kamuva balifushanisa laba igama lokugcina, bashintsha uhlamvu olulodwa ukuze bafake i-pun egameni. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, badlale njengeThe Beatles.
Ukubamba iqhaza kukaJohn Lennon kuThe Beatles
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, uJohn Lennon uye wacwiliswa ngokuphelele emhlabeni womculo. Ithimba elisha aligcinanga ngokudala izinguqulo zekhava yezingoma ezidumile, kodwa futhi libhale ezalo izingoma.
E-Liverpool, amaBeatles ayesevele edumile. Ngokushesha iqembu laya eHamburg. Abafana badlala kuma-nightclub, kancane kancane bezuza izinhliziyo zabathandi bomculo abafuna kakhulu.
Abaculi abavela ku-The Beatles balandele imfashini - amajakhethi esikhumba, amabhuzu e-cowboy nezinwele ezinjengoPresley. Izingane zazizwa sengathi zigibele amahhashi. Kodwa konke kwashintsha ngemva kokuba uBrian Epstein engumphathi wabo ngo-1961.
Umphathi uncome ukuthi abafana bashintshe isithombe sabo, ngoba lokho abafana ababekugqokile kwakungabalulekile. Ngokushesha abaculi bavela phambi kwabalandeli begqoke izingubo eziqinile nezifushane. Isithombe esinjalo sasibafanele. Esiteji, ama-Beatles aziphathe ngokuzithiba nangobuchwepheshe.
Abaculi bakhiphe ingoma yabo yokuqala ethi Love Me D. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-discography yeqembu yagcwaliswa nge-albhamu yokuqala enobude obugcwele, ethi Please Please Me. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, iBeatlemania yaqala e-UK.
Ukwethulwa kwengoma ethi Ngifuna Ukubamba Isandla Sakho kwenze i-Beatles yaba isithixo sangempela. I-United States of America, kanye nomhlaba wonke, "yayimbozwe igagasi" leBeatlemania. UJohn Lennon wathi, "Namuhla sithandwa kakhulu kunoJesu."
Ukuqala kokuvakasha kwe-The Beatles
Eminyakeni eyalandela abaculi bachitha uhambo olukhulu. UJohn Lennon uvumile ukuthi ukuphila emapotimendeni kwamqeda amandla, futhi waphupha ngokulala okuyisisekelo noma isidlo sasekuseni esizolile ngaphandle kokuthi "jaha".
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960, lapho uJohn, uPaul, uGeorge kanye noRingo beyeka ukuvakasha futhi bagxila ekurekhodeni nasekubhaleni amathrekhi amasha, intshisekelo kaLennon ebhendini yaqala ukwehla kancane kancane. Ekuqaleni, umculi wenqaba indima yomholi. Khona-ke wayeka ukusebenza ku-repertoire yeqembu, edlulisela lo msebenzi kuMcCartney.
Esikhathini esedlule, amalungu ebhendi asebenze ndawonye ekubhaleni izingoma. Ithimba landise i-discography yalo ngamarekhodi amaningana. Labo saziwayo babe sebememezela ukuthi bayalihlakaza leli qembu.
AmaBeatles ahlakazeka ekuqaleni kwawo-1970. Kodwa-ke, uLennon uthe eminyakeni emibili edlule leli qembu lalingakhululekile ngenxa yezingxabano eziqhubekayo.
Umsebenzi we-solo womculi uJohn Lennon
I-albhamu yokuqala kaLennon yakhululwa ngo-1968. Iqoqo lalibizwa nge-Unfinished Music No.1: Izintombi Ezimbili. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umkakhe u-Yoko Ono naye wasebenza ekuqopheni iqoqo.
ULennon wabhala i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala ngobusuku obubodwa nje. Kwakuwukuhlolwa komculo we-psychedelic. Uma uthembele ekujabuleleni izingoma ze-lyrical, ngabe ibingekho. Iqoqo lihlanganisa isethi yemisindo ehlukene - ukukhala, ukububula. I-albhamu Yomshado Ehlanganisiwe kanye Nomculo Ongakaqediwe No. 2: Impilo namaBhubesi idalwe ngendlela efanayo.
I-albhamu yokuqala equkethe izingoma kwaba yi-1970 John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band. I-albhamu elandelayo, Imagine, iphindaphinde impumelelo enkulu yokuhlanganiswa kweThe Beatles. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iculo lokuqala elivela kuleli qoqo lisafakwe ohlwini lwamaculo amelene nezombusazwe kanye nenkolo.
Ukuqanjwa kufakwe ohlwini lwe-"500 Greatest Songs of All Time", ngokusho kwezintatheli nabafundi bomagazini i-Rolling Stone. Umsebenzi kaLennon eyedwa umakwe ngokukhishwa kwama-albhamu ama-studio ama-5 namadiski amaningana abukhoma.
John Lennon: lokusungula
Umculi akadumile nje kuphela njengomqambi wezingoma nomculi. U-John Lennon ukwazile ukudlala kumafilimu ambalwa athathwa njengakudala namuhla: A Hard Day's Evening, Help!, Magical Mystery Journey kanye ne-So Be It.
Umsebenzi ongemuhle kakhulu kwaba indima emdlalweni wamahlaya wezempi othi How I Won the War. Efilimini, uJohn wadlala indawo kaGripweed. Amafilimu athi "Dynamite Chicken" kanye nedrama ethi "Fire in the Water" afanelwe ukunakwa. Kanye no-Yoko Ono abanamakhono, uLennon wadubula amafilimu amaningana. Emisebenzini yamafilimu, uJohn wathinta izihloko ezibucayi zezombangazwe nezenhlalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, usaziwayo wabhala izincwadi ezintathu: "Ngibhala njengoba kulotshiwe", "i-Spanish in the wheel", "Oral inscription". Incwadi ngayinye iqukethe izici zamahlaya amnyama, amaphutha egrama ngamabomu, ama-puns namapuns.
Impilo yomuntu siqu kaJohn Lennon
Unkosikazi wokuqala kaJohn Lennon kwakunguCynthia Powell. Umbhangqwana wasayina ngo-1962. Ngemva konyaka, emndenini izibulo lendodana Julian Lennon wazalwa. Ngokushesha lo mshado waphela.
Iqiniso lokuthi umndeni wahlukana, uLennon uzibeka icala. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayethandwa kakhulu, wayevame ukunyamalala ohambweni futhi cishe wayengahlali ekhaya. UCynthia wayefuna impilo ekhululekile. Owesifazane wafaka isehlukaniso. UJohn Lennon akazange alwele umndeni wakhe. Wayenamanye amacebo ngempilo.
Ngo-1966, isiphetho sahlanganisa uJohn nomculi waseJapane we-avant-garde Yoko Ono. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, le ntsha yathandana, futhi yagcina ingahlukani. Babe sebebhalisa ubuhlobo babo ngokomthetho.
Izithandani zanikezela ngengoma ethi The Ballad of Johnand Yoko emshadweni wabo. Ngo-October 1975, umndeni wazalwa ingane yokuqala. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe, uJohn wamemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuthi uyashiya esiteji. Wayeka ngempela ukubhala umculo nokuvakasha.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngoJohn Lennon
- Lo mculi wazalwa ngesikhathi kuqhunyiswa ibhomu iLiverpool ngezindiza zaseJalimane.
- UJohn osemncane wayehola iqembu lezigilamkhuba ezazidume kabi eLiverpool. Abafana bagcina yonke i-microdistrict ngokwesaba.
- Lapho eneminyaka engu-23, umculi waba usozigidi.
- U-Lennon wabhala izingoma zezingoma zomculo, futhi wabhala nephrozi nezinkondlo.
- Ngaphezu komsebenzi wakhe wokudala osebenzayo, uLennon wayaziwa nangokuthi isishoshovu sezombusazwe. Uzwakalise umbono wakhe hhayi kuphela ezingomeni, kodwa futhi ngokuvamile isihlabani siya emihlanganweni.
Ukubulawa kukaJohn Lennon
Ngemuva kwekhefu leminyaka engu-5, umculi wethula i-albhamu ethi Double Fantasy. Ngo-1980, uJohn wenze inhlolokhono ezintathelini e-Hit Factory studio yokuqopha eNew York. Ngemva kwengxoxo, uLennon wasayina ama-autographs kubalandeli bakhe, kuhlanganise nokusayina irekhodi lakhe, njengoba kuceliwe insizwa okuthiwa uMark Chapman.
UMark Chapman waba umbulali kaLennon. Lapho uJohn noYoko bebuyela ekhaya, le nsizwa yadubula lo saziwayo izikhathi ezi-5 ngemuva. Ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa, uLennon walaliswa esibhedlela. Indoda ayikwazanga ukusindiswa. Washona ngenxa yokulahlekelwa igazi eliningi.
Isidumbu sikaJohn Lennon sashiswa. Umlotha ka-Yoko Ono wawusakazeke eCentral Park yaseNew York, eStrawberry Fields.
Umbulali uboshwe khona lapho. UMark Chapman ubedonsa isigwebo sikadilikajele. Isisusa sobugebengu sasiyi-banal - uMarku wayefuna ukuthandwa njengoJohn Lennon.
