U-Johnny Cash wayengomunye wabantu abavelele futhi abanethonya kakhulu emculweni wezwe wangemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngezwi lakhe elijulile, elizwakalayo le-baritone kanye nokudlala isiginci okuyingqayizivele, u-Johnny Cash wayenesitayela sakhe esihlukile.
Ukheshi wawungafani nomunye umculi emhlabeni wezwe. Wazakhela owakhe uhlobo, oluphakathi nendawo ethinta imizwa yomculo, ukuhlubuka kwe-rock and roll, kanye nokukhathala kwezwe.
Umsebenzi kaCash waqondana nokuzalwa kwe-rock and roll, futhi isitayela sakhe sokucula nokudlala sasifana kakhulu nomculo we-rock. Kodwa-ke, lo mculi unzima futhi endimeni yomlando emculweni - njengoba ebezobonisa kamuva ngochungechunge lwama-albhamu akhe omlando - lokhu kumxhumanisa nezwe lakhe kuze kube phakade.
U-Johnny Cash futhi ubengomunye wezihlabani zomculo wezwe ezinkulu kakhulu zama-50s no-60s ezinezingoma ezingashadile ezingaphezu kwe-100.
Impilo ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi womculo
UJohnny Cash, ogama lakhe lokuzalwa ngu-J.R. Cash, wazalelwa futhi wakhulela e-Arkansas futhi wathuthela eDyes lapho eneminyaka emithathu ubudala.
Lapho eseneminyaka engu-12 ubudala, waqala ukuzibhalela izingoma. Wagqugquzelwa yizingoma zezwe azizwa emsakazweni. Lapho uCash esesikoleni esiphakeme, wacula esiteshini somsakazo sase-Arkansas i-KLCN.
UJohnny Cash waphothula esikoleni esiphakeme ngo-1950, wathuthela eDetroit ukuyosebenza isikhashana efektri yezimoto. Ngokugqashuka kweMpi YaseKorea, wabhalisa e-US Air Force.
Ngesikhathi eseButhweni Lomoya, uCash wathenga isiginci sakhe sokuqala futhi wazifundisa ukusidlala. Waqala ukubhala izingoma ngokuzimisela, okuhlanganisa nethi "Folsom Prison Blues". UCash washiya i-Air Force ngo-1954, washada nowesifazane waseTexas ogama lakhe linguVivian Leberto, wathuthela eMemphis lapho enza khona izifundo zokusakaza emsakazweni e-GI Bill Broadcasting School.
Kusihlwa, wayedlala umculo wezwe eqenjini labathathu elalihlanganisa nesigingci uLuther Perkins kanye nomdlali webhesi uMarshall Grant. Abathathu babedlala mahhala ngezikhathi ezithile esiteshini somsakazo se-KWEM futhi bazame ukuthola ama-gigs nama-auditions e-Sun Records.
Indlela ka-Johnny Cash eya empumelelweni
Le nsizwa yagcina ithole inhlolokhono neSun Records ngo-1955. Ukheshi washeshe wakhipha ethi "Cry Cry Cry" / "Hey Porter" njengengoma yakhe yokuqala yeLanga. UPhillips, umsunguli walebula waqamba lo mculi ogama lakhe linguJohnny, okwamcasula lo mfana ngoba ecabanga ukuthi igama elinjalo lizwakala limncane kakhulu.
Ingoma eyodwa ethi "Cry Cry Cry" yaba yimpumelelo ekukhululweni kwayo ngo-1955, yangena eshadini kazwelonke ngenombolo 14. Eyesibili ethi "Folsom Prison Blues" yashaya abahlanu abahamba phambili ezweni ekuqaleni kuka-1956, nokulandelelwa kwayo " I Walk the Line ” ngikleliswe endaweni yokuqala amasonto ayisithupha futhi ngangena emathrekhi omculo we-pop aphezulu angu-20.
UCash waba ngumdlali ophumelele ngokulinganayo ngo-1957, enamahili amaningi ezweni, okuhlanganisa ne-Top 15 eyodwa ethi "Give My Love to Rose".
Ukheshi waphinde waqala ukudlala e-Grand Ole Opry ngawo lowo nyaka, egqoke ezimnyama kuyilapho abanye abadlali begqoke izingubo ezigqamile, ezihlotshiswe ngama-rhinestone. Ekugcineni, wathola isidlaliso "Indoda Emnyama" (Indoda Emnyama).
UCash waba ngumculi wokuqala kulebula yeLanga ukukhulula i-albhamu "edlale isikhathi eside" ngoNovemba 1957. Kwabe sekungena uJohnny Cash neHot and Blue Guitar yakhe kuzo zonke izitolo zomculo.
Impumelelo kaCash iqhubekile nokuhamba kahle kwaze kwaba ngu-1958 lapho uCash eqopha ingoma yakhe enkulukazi ethi, "Ballad of a Teenage Queen" (inombolo yokuqala emashadini amasonto ayishumi), kanye nelinye elishisa izikhotha elithi, "Guess Things Happen That Way". Esikhathini esiningi sika-1958, uCash wazama ukuqopha i-albhamu yevangeli, kodwa iSun Records yenqaba ukumvumela ukuba ayiqophe.
USun naye ubengazimisele ngokunyusa ama-royalty eCash. Zombili lezi zici zaba nesinqumo emcabangweni wokuthi lowo oculayo ashiye ilebula asayine neColumbia Records ngo-1958.
Ekupheleni konyaka, wakhipha ingoma yakhe yokuqala ngelebula ethi, “All Over Again”, eyaba enye ingoma eshisa izikhotha ezinhlanu eziphezulu. ULanga uqhubekile nokukhipha izingoma ezingabodwana nama-albhamu wezinto ezingakakhishwa zikaCash ngeminyaka yawo-60s.
Ukuncintisana phakathi kwamalebula ka-Johnny Cash
"Don't Take Your Guns to Town", ingoma yesibili ka-Johnny Cash we-Columbia, ingelinye lamahithi akhe amakhulu, afinyelela phezulu emashadi ezwe. Ngalo nyaka, i-Sun Records kanye ne-Columbia Records balwela ukuba phezulu kumashadi, bekhipha izingoma ezingabodwana zomculi. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, i-Columbia ikhipha - "I-Frankie's Man Johnny", "I Got Stripes" kanye nethi "Five Feet High and Rising" - asebenze kangcono kunezingoma zeLanga, kodwa "ULuther Played the Boogie" wenze eziyishumi eziphezulu.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, uCash waba nethuba lokwenza irekhodi lakhe levangeli, elithi Hymns kaJohnny Cash.
I-Tennessee Two yaba yi-Tennessee Three ngo-1960 ngokungezwa komshayi wesigubhu u-WS Holland.
Izinkinga empilweni - inkinga ekudaleni
Nakuba uCash eqhubeka nokukhiqiza izingoma, ijubane elingapheli lomsebenzi wakhe lase liqala ukulimaza imali yakhe. Ngo-1959, lo mculi waqala ukuthatha ama-amphetamine ukuze amsize abhekane nesimiso samakhonsathi acishe abe ngu-300 ngonyaka.
Ngo-1961, ukusetshenziswa kwakhe kwezidakamizwa kwase kukhuphuke kakhulu, okwenza umsebenzi wakhe wahlupheka. Lokhu kubonakale kakhulu enanini elinciphayo lama-single nama-albhamu. Ngo-1963, umculi wayesethuthele eNew York, eshiya umndeni wakhe.
UJune Carter, owayengunkosikazi womunye wabangani bakaCash ababephuza utshwala, uCarl Smith, uzoqinisekisa ukuthi ubuyela esicongweni ngesihloko esithi “Ring of Fire”. Uyibhale ngokuhlanganyela noMerle Kilgore.
I-"Ring of Fire" eyodwa ichithe amasonto ayisikhombisa iphezulu kumashadi futhi yafinyelela kumahithi aphezulu angu-20. UCash waqhubeka nempumelelo yakhe ngo-1964 lapho i-"Understand Your Man" iba ingoma yokuqala.
Kodwa-ke, ukubuya kukaCash kwaba okwesikhashana njengoba ecwile ezidakamizweni futhi izingoma zakhe ezishisa izikhotha zazivela ngezikhathi ezithile.
UCash waboshwa e-El Paso ngokuzama ukushushumbisa i-amphetamine ezweni ecaleni lakhe lesigingci ngo-1965.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-Grand Ole Opry yahoxa ekusebenzeni komculi.
Ngo-1966, umkaCash, uVivian, wafaka isehlukaniso. Ngemuva kwesehlukaniso, uCash wathuthela eNashville. Ekuqaleni wahola indlela efanayo yokuphila, kodwa ngokushesha uJohnny waba umngane noJune Carter, owahlukanisa noCarl Smith.
Ngosizo lukaCarter, wakwazi ukukhahlela imilutha yakhe; waphinde waguqukela ebuKristwini. Umsebenzi wakhe waqala ukubuyela emuva lapho "uJackson" kanye "noRosanna's Going Wild" befika kwabayishumi abahamba phambili.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1968, phakathi nekhonsathi, uCash wahlongoza umshado uCarter; umbhangqwana washada ngaleyo ntwasahlobo.
Amarekhodi amasha ka-Johnny
Futhi ngo-1968, uCash waqopha futhi wakhipha i-albhamu yakhe edume kakhulu, uJohnny Cash ejele laseFolsom. Ekupheleni konyaka, irekhodi laba negolide.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, lo mculi wakhipha ingoma elandelanayo, uJohnny Cash eSan Quentin, eyayinengoma yakhe eyodwa kuphela eyi-Top 10, ethi, "A Boy Named Sue". Ifinyelele inombolo yesithathu eshadini.
U-Johnny Cash uvele ku-albhamu ye-rock yezwe ka-Bob Dylan ka-1969 i-Nashville Skyline njengomculi oyisivakashi. UDylan ubuyisele umusa kuzakwabo ngokuvela esiqeshini sokuqala se-The Johnny Cash Show, uhlelo lukamabonakude lwalo mculi lwe-ABC. I-Johnny Cash Show yadonsa iminyaka emibili, kusukela ngo-1969 kuya ku-1971.
I-Cash ifinyelele inani layo eliphakeme lesibili ekudumeni ngo-1970. Ngaphandle kohlelo lwakhe lwethelevishini, uke wadlalela uMengameli uRichard Nixon eWhite House, wadlala noKirk Douglas kwiGunfight, wacula noJohn Williams kanye neBoston Pop Band, kanti useke wavela ku-documentary.
Ukuthengiswa kwe-albhamu yakhe bekukuhle ngokulinganayo, njengoba ethi “Sunday Morning Coming Down” kanye nethi “Flesh and Blood” bekuyizingoma ezihamba phambili.
Kuwo wonke u-1971, uCash wayesenezingoma ku-arsenal yakhe, okuhlanganisa nengoma edume kakhulu ethi "Man in Black".
U-Cash no-Carter baqala ukusebenza ngokwenhlalo ekuqaleni kwawo-70s, bekhankasela amalungelo abantu boMdabu baseMelika neziboshwa, futhi ngokuvamile besebenza noBilly Graham.
Maphakathi nawo-70s, ubukhona bukaCash emashadini ezwe baqala ukuncipha, kodwa waqhubeka nokushaya izingoma ezishisayo ngezikhathi ezithile ezifana neka-1976 ethi "One Piece in Time", "There Ain't No Good Chain Gang" kanye nethi "(Ghost) Riders in. isibhakabhaka."
I-Man in Black, i-autobiography kaJohnny Cash, yanyatheliswa ngo-1975.
Ngo-1980, waba ngumdlali omncane kunabo bonke ukuthi angeniswe e-Country Music Hall of Fame. Kodwa-ke, iminyaka yawo-80 kwakuyisikhathi esiyinselelo kuCash njengoba ukuthengiswa kwerekhodi lakhe kwaqhubeka nokwehla futhi waba nezinkinga neColumbia.
UCash, uCarl Perkins noJerry Lee Lewis babambisana ukwenza i-The Survivors ngo-1982. Ifilimu yaba nempumelelo encane.
I-Highwaymen - ibhendi ehambisana no-Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson kanye no-Kris Kristofferson - bakhiphe i-albhamu yabo yokuqala ngo-1985, nayo eyaba yimpumelelo. Ngonyaka olandelayo, iCash and Columbia Records yaqeda ubuhlobo babo, futhi umculi wasayina noMercury Nashville.
Ukusebenza nelebula entsha kubhuntshile, njengoba inkampani nomculi ngamunye bebelwela isitayela sabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsakazo wezwe waqala ukuthanda abaculi abaningi besikhathi samanje, futhi ngokushesha uCash wazithola esephumile emashadini. Noma kunjalo, waqhubeka engumdlali odumile wekhonsathi.
I-Highwaymen yaqopha i-albhamu yesibili ngo-1992 futhi yaba yimpumelelo kakhulu kwezohwebo kunanoma yimaphi ama-albhamu e-Cash's Mercury. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkontileka yakhe noMercury yaphela.
Ngo-1993, umculi wasayina inkontileka ne-American Records. I-albhamu yakhe yokuqala yelebula, i-American Recordings, ikhishwe umsunguli welebula u-Rick Rubin ngokwakhe futhi kwakuyiqoqo elimangalisayo lezingoma ze-acoustic.
I-albhamu, nakuba ingeyona impumelelo edayise kakhulu, yenze umsebenzi omuhle ivusa umsebenzi kaCash futhi yamhlanganisa nentsha, izethameli ezigxile edwaleni.
Ngo-1995, abakwaHighwaymen bakhiphe i-albhamu yabo yesithathu, ethi, The Road Goes on Forever.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, uCash wakhipha i-albhamu yakhe yesibili ye-American Records, Unchained, eyathola ukwesekwa nguTom Petty kanye neThe Heartbreakers.
Entwasahlobo ka-2000, uCash walungiselela inhlanganisela yamadiski amathathu ethi "Love, God, Murder" enikezelwe ezihlokweni zengoma eziyinhloko ezazibusa kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe. I-albhamu entsha yesitudiyo, i-American III: Solitary Man, yavela kamuva ngalowo nyaka.
Ukuphela komsebenzi kaJohnny Cash
Izinkinga zempilo zahlupha uCash phakathi kwawo-90 no-2000, kodwa waqhubeka nokuqopha estudiyo.
Ngo-2003, ividiyo yomculo ka-Mark Romanek yekhava ye-Nine Inch Nails ethi "Hurt" yathola ukutuswa okukhulu nokunakwa kwabezindaba, okwaphumela ekuqokweni okumangalisayo kwevidiyo Yonyaka kuma-MTV Video Music Awards.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ividiyo ikhiqize izibuyekezo ezinhle, unkosikazi othandekayo kaJohnny Cash, uJune Carter Cash, ushone ngenxa yezinkinga zokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo.
Ezinyangeni ezine kamuva, eNashville, eTennessee, uJohnny naye wabulawa yizinkinga zesifo sikashukela.
Wayeneminyaka engu-71 ubudala. Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu kamuva, ukuhlanganiswa kweLegend of Johnny Cash kwafinyelela kwabayishumi abahamba phambili. Ngo-2006, i-Lost Highway yakhipha olunye uchungechunge lokuqoshwa kwe-Cash "American" edume, i-American V: A Hundred Highways, kusukela kumaseshini okugcina womculi ongasekho nomhlanganyeli u-Rick Rubin.
Ukukhishwa kokugcina kwalezi zikhathi kuvele ngasekuqaleni kuka-2010 ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi American VI: Ain't No Grave futhi kubikwa ukuthi okokugcina ukukhishwa kwe-American Recordings.
I-Sony Legacy ngo-2011 yethula uchungechunge lwamathrekhi emali ayivelakancane, angakhishiwe noma okunzima ukuwathola avela kuma-albhamu anamadiski amabili i-Bootleg, Vol. 1: Ifayela Lomuntu Siqu.
Entwasahlobo ka-2014, kwavela i-Out of the Stars - iqoqo lezinto ezingakhishiwe eziqoshwe ekuqaleni kwawo-80s.
