U-Ludwig van Beethoven wayenezingoma zomculo ezigqamile ezingaphezu kuka-600. Umqambi wehlelo, owaqala ukungezwa kahle ngemva kweminyaka engu-25, akazange ayeke ukuqamba izingoma kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe. Impilo kaBeethoven ingumzabalazo waphakade nobunzima. Futhi ukubhala izingoma kuphela kwamvumela ukuthi ajabulele izikhathi ezimnandi.
Ubuntwana nobusha bomqambi uLudwig van Beethoven
Umqambi odumile wazalwa ngoDisemba 1770 kwenye yezindawo ezimpofu kakhulu eBonn. Umntwana wabhapathizwa ngoDisemba 17. Umfana wazuza njengefa izwi elimnandi kanye nokuzwa okumangalisayo okuvela enhloko yomndeni kanye nomkhulu.
Ubuntwana bukaBeethoven abuzange bujabule kakhulu. Ubaba odakiwe waphakamisa isandla sakhe endodaneni yakhe ngezikhathi ezithile. Kwakungafani nomqondo wendabuko "womndeni ojabulayo."
Ubaba, owayechitha usuku lwakhe ephethe ingilazi yotshwala ezandleni zakhe, wakhipha ububi bakhe kumkakhe. UBeethoven wayemthanda ngempela unina, ngoba wayemenza azizwe ethandwa futhi edingeka. Wahlabelela umfana, walala emgona kamnandi.
Esebancane, abazali baqaphela isithakazelo sendodana yabo emculweni. Ubaba wayefuna ukuletha ukuncintisana okufanelekayo kuMozart, ngaleso sikhathi owayeyisithixo esingangabazeki sezigidi. Ukuphila komfana manje kugcwele izikhathi ezifudumele. Wafunda i-violin nepiyano.
Lapho othisha bebona ukuthi uBeethoven Jr. unesiphiwo, batshela inhloko yomndeni ngalokhu. Ubaba, owadlulisela umthwalo wemfanelo endodaneni yakhe, waphoqa umfana ukuba adlale izinsimbi zomculo ezinhlanu. UBeethoven osemusha wayechitha amahora amaningi ekilasini. Noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okubi kwendodana kwakujeziswa ngobudlova obungokomzimba.
Abazali boMqambi
Ubaba womfana wayefuna ukuthi asheshe afunde ukuqanjwa komculo. Wayenomgomo owodwa kuphela - wokuthi uBeethoven adlale ngemali. Ngendlela, kusukela eqinisweni lokuthi umfana waqala ukunikeza amakhonsathi, umndeni awuzange uthuthukise isimo sabo sezezimali. Okokuqala, imali etholakele yayingelutho, futhi okwesibili, imali eyayitholwa ngumfana yayisetshenziswa uyise ekuphuzeni.
Umama, owayeyithanda indodana yakhe, wayisekela imizamo yakhe yokudala. Wakhonza uBeethoven futhi wenza konke ukuze athuthuke. Ngokushesha umfana waqala ukuchaza izingoma zakhe. Ekhanda lakhe kwavela izingoma ezihlakaniphile, azibhala phansi ebhukwini lokubhalela. ULouis wayegxile kakhulu emhlabeni wokudala imisebenzi kangangokuthi lapho izingoma zizalwa ekhanda lakhe, uBeethoven wayengakwazi ukucabanga nganoma yini enye ngaphandle komculo.
Ngo-1782, uChristian Gottlob waba inhloko yesonto lenkantolo. Wathatha uBeethoven osemncane ngaphansi kwephiko lakhe. KumKristu, lo mfana wayebonakala enesiphiwo kakhulu.
Akazange nje afunde naye umculo, kodwa futhi wamethula emhlabeni omangalisayo wezincwadi nefilosofi. ULudwig wajabulela izingoma zikaShakespeare noGoethe, walalela izingoma zikaHandel noBach. Khona-ke uBeethoven waba nesinye isifiso esiyigugu - ukwazi uMozart.
Isiteji esisha empilweni yomculi uLudwig van Beethoven
Ngo-1787, umqambi odumile wavakashela eVienna okokuqala. Lapho, umpetha wahlangana nomqambi odumile uWolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Iphupho lakhe lafezeka. Lapho uMozart ezwa izingoma zethalente elincane, wathi:
"Buka uLudwig. Ngokushesha umhlaba wonke uzokhuluma kuwo.
U-Beethoven waphupha ngokuthatha okungenani izifundo ezimbalwa esithombeni sakhe. UMozart wavuma ngomusa. Lapho amakilasi eqala, umqambi kwadingeka abuyele ezweni lakubo. Iqiniso liwukuthi uBeethoven wathola izindaba ezidabukisayo ezivela emzini wakhe. Umama wakhe washona.
U-Beethoven weza e-Bonn ezobona umama wakhe ohambweni lwakhe lokugcina. Ukufa komuntu othandekayo emhlabeni kwamthusa kakhulu wangabe esakwazi nokudala. Wayesenkingeni yokuphazamiseka kwemizwa. ULouis waphoqeleka ukuthi azidonse ndawonye. U-Beethoven waphoqeleka ukuba anakekele abafowabo nodadewabo. Wawuvikela umndeni emigibeni kayise owayewumlutha wotshwala.
Omakhelwane kanye nemindeni ejwayelekile basihleka usulu isikhundla sikaBeethoven. Kwadingeka ashiye umculo ukuze ondle umndeni wakhe. Wake wathi uzohola imali eningi ngezingoma zakhe.
Ngokushesha, uLouis wayenabathengi abayimfihlo, ngenxa yalokho avela kubo kuma-salon. Umndeni wakwaBreuning uthathe uBeethoven onethalente "ngaphansi kwephiko labo". Umculi wafundisa indodakazi yomndeni izifundo zomculo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, i-maestro yayingabangane nomfundi wakhe kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.
Indlela yokudala kaLudwig van Beethoven
Ngokushesha umaestro waphinde wazidlisa ushevu eVienna. Lapho, washeshe wathola abangane-abaphila ukuphila okuphakade. Waphendukela kuJoseph Haydn ukuze athole usizo. Nguye lapho alethe khona izingoma zakhe zakuqala ukuze ziqinisekiswe. Phela, uJosef wayengajabule ngomngane wakhe omusha. Wayemzonda uBeethoven owayephikelela futhi wenza konke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unyamalala ngokushesha ekuphileni kwakhe.
ULouis wabe esethatha izifundo zobuciko kuSchenck no-Albrechtsberger. Uthuthukise ubuciko bokuqamba no-Antonio Salieri. Wethula ithalenta elincane kubaculi nabaqambi abaqeqeshiwe, okwakufanekisela ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhundla sikaBeethoven emphakathini.
Ngemva konyaka, wabhala ingoma ehambisana ne-symphony ethi "Ode to Joy", eyabhalwa nguSchiller weMasonic Lodge. ULouis akazange aneliseke ngomsebenzi, okungeke kushiwo ngezilaleli ezishisekayo. Wazama ukushintsha ukwakheka, futhi ngo-1824 waneliseka ngezinguquko ezenziwe.
Isihloko esisha kanye nokuxilongwa okungajabulisi
Ngaphandle kokuqaphela, u-Beethoven wathola isihloko esithi "Umculi Odume Kakhulu Nomqambi waseVienna." Ngo-1795 wenza i-debut yakhe ku-salon. Umqambi uhehe izethameli ngomdlalo oshukumisayo wezingoma zakhe. Izithameli ziphawule umdlalo wentukuthelo nokujula ngokomoya komculi. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, odokotela bathola i-maestro ngokuxilonga okudumazayo kwe-tinnitus. Lesi sifo sakhula usuku nosuku.
I-tinnitus ukukhala noma umsindo ezindlebeni ngaphandle kwesisusa sangaphandle se-acoustic.
Iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10, uLouis wakwazi ukucasha kubangani kanye nomphakathi ukuthi uphethwe yi-tinnitus. Waphumelela. Lapho kwenzeka iphutha ngesikhathi umqambi edlala izinsimbi zomculo, izilaleli zazicabanga ukuthi lokhu kwakubangelwa ukunganaki. Ngokushesha wabhala ingoma ayinikezela kubazalwane. Sikhuluma ngengoma ethi "Heiligenstadt testament". Emsebenzini, waxoxela izihlobo okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwekusasa. Wabacela ukuthi bashicilele okuqoshiwe ngemva kokushona kwakhe.
Kumanothi akhe ku-Wegeler, wabhala: "Ngeke ngiyeke futhi ngizothatha isiphetho ngomphimbo!" Naphezu kwalesi sifo, esamncisha into ebaluleke kakhulu - ikhono lokuzwa ngokujwayelekile, wabhala izingoma ezijabulisayo nezicacile. Louis wabeka konke okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ku-Symphony No. Umaestro wabona ukuthi waqala ukungezwa kancane kancane. Wathatha ipeni futhi waqala ukugcwalisa kabusha i-repertoire ngezingoma ezihlakaniphile. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho ababhali bomlando wokuphila kwabo bacabanga ukuthi sikhiqiza kakhulu.
Usuku oluhle lukaLudwig van Beethoven
Ngo-1808, umqambi waqamba ingoma ethi "Pastoral Symphony", ehlanganisa izingxenye ezinhlanu. Lo msebenzi uthathe indawo ebalulekile ku-biography yokudala kaLouis. Wachitha isikhathi esiningi ezindaweni ezinhle, ejabulela ubuhle obumangalisayo bezindawo zokuhlala. Akumangazi ukuthi enye yezingxenye ze-symphony yayibizwa ngokuthi "Ukuduma kwezulu. Storm". Umqambi, ngokuzwela okungokwemvelo, wadlulisela lokho okwenzeka phakathi nenhlekelele yemvelo.
Ngemva konyaka, ubuholi yaseshashalazini wendawo wamema umqambi ukubhala ihambisana zomculo play "Egmont" by Goethe. Ngokumangalisayo, uLouis wenqaba ukusebenzela imali. Wabhala umculo mahhala, ehlonipha umlobi.
Kusukela ngo-1813 kuya ku-1815 U-Beethoven wayekhuthele kakhulu. Waqamba inani elikhulu lezingoma, ngoba waqaphela ukuthi wayelahlekelwa ukuzwa. Nsuku zonke isimo se-maestro sasiba sibi kakhulu. Akazange awuzwe umculo. Ukuze athole indlela yokuphuma, wasebenzisa induku yokhuni, eyayimise okwepayipi. I-maestro yafaka ingxenye eyodwa endlebeni yakhe, yaletha enye esitshalweni somculo.
Lezo zincwadi ezabhalwa uBeethoven phakathi nalesi sikhathi esinzima zigcwele ubuhlungu nencazelo yefilosofi. Zazibuhlungu, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye zivusa inkanuko futhi zinezwi.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu
U-Ludwig van Beethoven wehlulekile ukwakha ubuhlobo. Abamele ubulili obubuthakathaka bamnaka. Ngeshwa, wayengumuntu ovamile, ngakho wayengenalo ilungelo lokuxoxisana nabesifazane abavela embuthanweni we-elite.
UJulie Guicciardi uyintombazane yokuqala eyagwaza inhliziyo yomqambi. Kwakuwuthando olungenakuphikwa. Intombazane yahlangana namadoda amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa inhliziyo yakhe wayinika u-Count von Gallenberg, owashada naye ngokushesha. UBeethoven wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokuhlukana nentombazane. Udlulisele okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ku-sonata ethi "Moonlight Sonata". Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi namuhla kuyihubo lothando olungafanele.
Ngokushesha wathandana noJosephine Brunswick. Wawaphendula ngentshiseko amanothi akhe futhi wakhuthaza uLouis ukuthi wayezoba okhethwe nguye. Ubudlelwano baphela ngaphambi kokuthi buqale ukukhula. Iqiniso liwukuthi abazali bentombazane bamyala ngokuqinile ukuba enqabe ukuxhumana noBeethoven ovamile. Babengafuni ukumbona eduze kwendodakazi yabo.
Wabe esecela umshado kuTeresa Malfatti. Intombazane ayikwazanga ukubuyisela i-maestro. Ngemva kwalokho, uLouis ecindezelekile wabhala ukwakheka brilliant "For Elise".
Ubenebhadi othandweni. Kusukela kunoma ibuphi ubuhlobo, ngisho noplatonic kakhulu, umqambi walimala. Umaestro wanquma ukungabe esaba sebudlelwaneni bothando. Wafunga wagomela ukuthi uzohlala eyedwa impilo yakhe yonke.
Ngo-1815, umfowethu omdala washona. ULouis waphoqeleka ukuthi agcine indodana yesihlobo sakhe. Unina wengane, owayengenalo igama elihle kakhulu, wasayina amaphepha ayenikeza indodana yakhe kumqambi. ULudwig waba umnakekeli kaKarl (umshana kaBeethoven). I-maestro yenza konke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlobo sakhe sizuze ithalenta njengefa.
UBeethoven wakhulisa uKarl kanzima. Kusukela esemncane, wazama ukumvimbela emikhubeni emibi ayengayizuza kunina. ULouis wafunda umculo nomshana wakhe futhi akazange amvumele kakhulu. Ukuqina okunjalo kukamalume kwaphusha umfana ekutheni wazama ukufa ngokuzithandela. Umzamo wokuzibulala awuphumelelanga. UCarl wathunyelwa ebuthweni lezempi. Umshana wathola ifa le-maestro edumile.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngoLudwig van Beethoven
- Usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kwe-maestro alwaziwa. Kodwa ngokuvamile kuyamukelwa ukuthi wazalwa ngo-December 16, 1770.
- Ubengumuntu onzima onesimilo esiyinkimbinkimbi. ULouis wayezicabangela kakhulu. Wake wathi: "Awukho umsebenzi engingawufunda kakhulu kimi ...".
- Wayezonikezela enye yezingoma zakhe kuNapoleon. Kodwa washintsha umqondo lapho ekhaphela imibono yokuvukela umbuso futhi ezibeka umbusi.
- U-Beethoven wanikezela enye yezingoma zakhe enjeni efile, eyibiza ngokuthi "I-Elegy on the Death of a Poodle".
- I-maestro yasebenza ku-"Symphony No. 9" iminyaka engu-9.
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kukaLudwig van Beethoven
Ngo-1826 wangenwa amakhaza amakhulu. Kamuva, lesi sifo sakhula futhi saphenduka inyumoniya. Khona-ke ubuhlungu obuningi emgudwini wamathumbu kwengezwa. Udokotela owelapha i-maestro ubale umthamo womuthi ngokungalungile. Konke kwaholela ekutheni lesi sifo siqhubeke.
Wafa ngo-March 26, 1827. Ngesikhathi efa, uLouis wayeneminyaka engu-57 kuphela ubudala. Abangani bakhe bathi ngesikhathi eshona kuzwakale umsindo wemvula, umbani nokuduma kwezulu ngaphandle kwefasitela.
Ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu kwabonisa ukuthi isibindi somqambi sase sibolile, futhi izinzwa ezilalelayo neziseduze nazo zazilimele. Lo mngcwabo ubuhanjelwe yizakhamizi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20. Umngcwabo ubuholwa nguFranz Schubert. Isidumbu salo mculi singcwatshwe emathuneni aseWaring, eduze neBandla le-Holy Trinity.
