UMaria Callas ungomunye wabaculi be-opera abavelele kakhulu ekhulwini lamashumi amabili. Abalandeli bambiza ngokuthi “umenzi waphezulu.” Umi phakathi kwabaguquli be-opera abanjengoRichard Wagner no-Arturo Toscanini.
UMaria Callas: Ubuntwana kanye nobusha
Usuku lokuzalwa komculi odumile we-opera ngoDisemba 2, 1923. Wazalelwa eNew York.
UMaria akazange abe umntwana okwase kuyisikhathi eside elindelwe. Ukuzalwa kwentombazane kwandulelwa ukufa komntwana osanda kuzalwa. Abazali abadabukile baphupha ngendodana. Umama owayethwele intombazane esibelethweni waze waqhamuka negama lowesilisa lengane.
Ngemva kokuzalwa kukaMariya, unina wenqaba ukubheka indodakazi yakhe. Owesifazane wazivikela ngangokunokwenzeka ekuxhumaneni noMaria - wathatha intombazane kuphela ukuze ayondle. Ngemva kwesikhashana wathamba wagcina emukele ingane.
Abazali basheshe babona ukuthi banesiphiwo sentombazane. UMaria, cishe kusukela esemncane, uqala ukuba nesithakazelo ezinsimbini zomculo nomsindo womculo we-classic.
Wayethanda ama-arias futhi ekwazi ukuhlala amahora amaningi elalela imisebenzi yomculo. Lapho eneminyaka emihlanu, uMaria wakwazi ukudlala upiyano, futhi phakathi neminyaka embalwa waqala ukucula. Lapho eneminyaka engu-10, umdlalo wakhe wokuqala wenziwa. UMaria wahlaba umxhwele kakhulu izilaleli.
Kusukela izalwa, intombazane yayingaphansi kwengcindezi evela kunina. Wazama ukuba ngowokuqala kukho konke - uCallas wayebonakala ebonisa ukuthi ulufanele uthando lwabazali.
UMaria Callas: Imincintiswano yomculo
Lapho esemusha, uMaria waba nengxenye ohlelweni lomsakazo olusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wabonakala emncintiswaneni womculo owawuseChicago.
Izimfuno zikanina ezingapheli zalimaza intombazane. U-Maria ubesesimweni sokulayisha. Naphezu kokubukeka kwakhe okukhangayo nethalente elisobala, wayezibheka “eyidada elibi.” Ukunqoba emiqhudelwaneni kwaphefumulela umculi we-opera. Ngezinsuku zokunqoba, wayejabula, futhi kokunye, waphinde waphishekela ukunakekelwa komama nokuqashelwa.
UMaria wayebonakala ebonisa ukubaluleka kwakhe kuye ngokwakhe. Ukuhlukumezeka kwasebuntwaneni kwahlala noCallas impilo yakhe yonke. Uyohlale ebheka amaphutha kuyena, azibone ekhuluphele futhi eyisinengiso. Njengomuntu omdala uzothi: “Ngingumuntu ongalondekile kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Ngesaba futhi ngesaba yonke into.”
Lapho eneminyaka engu-13, uMaria nonina bathuthela e-Athens. Umama wabhalisa indodakazi yakhe eRoyal Conservatory. Kusukela kulo mzuzu kuqale ingxenye ehluke ngokuphelele ye-biography "yaphezulu" uMaria Callas.
Indlela yokudala yomculi we-opera
Wakuthokozela ukuya e-conservatory futhi wathweswa iziqu nge-honours eneminyaka engu-16. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, wahlukana nonina futhi waqala ukuphila ukuphila kokuzimela. UMaria wayeziphilisa ngokucula. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-19, wenza indima yokuqala ku-opera Tosca. Ngokusebenza kwakhe uthole imali encomekayo ngaleso sikhathi - $65.
Maphakathi nawo-40 ekhulwini elidlule, uMaria wathuthela eNew York. Wavakashela kubo kayise waphatheka kabi ukuthi usephinde washada. Umama ongamzali wayengakuthandanga ukucula kwendodakazi yakhe yokutholwa.
Ngalesi sikhathi, wayelingisa eNew York, Chicago naseSan Francisco. Ekupheleni 40s, wasayina inkontileka ukwenza e Verona. Amakhonsathi okuqala kanye nezwi elithandekayo likaMaria lenze umbono ofanele ezilalelini. Uthole izinhlinzeko kubaqondisi betiyetha abahamba phambili.
I-Italy iyikhaya lesibili likaMaria. Wayekhonzwe umphakathi wendawo, lapha ekugcineni waqina ngokwezimali futhi wahlangana nomyeni onothando. Wayehlale ethola iminikelo ezuzisayo. Izithombe zalo wesifazane zahlobisa omagazini namaphosta.
Ekupheleni 40s, wenza e-Argentina, futhi ngo-1950 - eMexico City. Umsebenzi ohambayo nosindayo ube nomthelela omubi esimweni se-opera diva. Impilo kaMaria yayiwohloka - waqala ukukhuluphala ngokushesha. Ngokushesha wakuthola kuya ngokuya kuba nzima ukudlala esiteji, futhi nakakhulu ukuvakasha. Wadla izinkinga zakhe futhi waba umlutha wemikhuba yakhe.
Sebenza eLa Scala Opera House
Ebuyela e-Italy, wenza i-debut yakhe eLa Scala. Umculi we-opera uthole "Aida". Khona-ke ithalente lakhe laqashelwa ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa uMaria akazange awakholelwe amazwi abagxeki bomculo abanegunya. Owesifazane osekhulile wayehlale ebuyela eqinisweni lokuthi wayengakufanelekele ukudunyiswa. Ngo-51, waba yingxenye yeqembu laseLa Scala, kodwa ngisho nalokhu akuzange kukhulise ukuzethemba kwakhe.
Ngemva konyaka wenza uNorma eRoyal Opera House (London). Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wabonakala ku-"Medea" enkundleni yemidlalo yase-Italy. Umculo ovusa inkanuko, kuze kube yileso sikhathi owawubhekwa njengento engeyona neze imfashini, ubuya uphile futhi ube yingoma eshisa izikhotha kubalandeli bomculo wakudala.
Ukuphumelela kwamphelezela. UMaria waba i-opera diva yangempela. Naphezu kokuqashelwa izigidi zabantu, wahlushwa ukucindezeleka. Umculi we-opera wayengazithandi ngokusobala. Wazama ukunciphisa umzimba, kodwa imingcele yokudla yabangela into eyodwa kuphela - enye ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ama-calories amaningi nokunganaki. Ngokushesha wayesedliwa ukukhathala.
Wayengakwazi ukudlala njengakuqala. Elandelana, uMaria wayihoxisa imidlalo yakhe. Izintatheli ebezingenalwazi ngesimo somqondo we-opera diva zibhale izindatshana lapho zisola khona lo mculi ngokonakala ngokweqile. Ukuhoxiswa kwemidlalo kuholele ekuthethweni kwezomthetho. Ngama-60s, i-opera diva yavela izikhathi eziningana esiteji. Maphakathi nawo-60, wenza indima ye-opera "Norma" enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu ka-Maria Callas
U-Giovanni Battista Meneghini uyindoda yokuqala ekwazile ukuzuza inhliziyo yobuhle obukhangayo. UMaria wahlangana nensizwa yase-Italy enemibalabala. Le ndoda yayiwuthanda umculo we-classic, futhi u-Giovanni wayethanda ama-opera adlalwa uCallas kabili.
UMeneghini wasekela i-opera diva kukho konke - waba ukusekelwa nokusekelwa kwakhe. U-Giovanni akazange abe ngumyeni kuMaria kuphela, kodwa futhi umthandi, umphathi, nomngane omkhulu. Indoda yayimdala kakhulu kunomculi.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-40s bashada eSontweni LamaKatolika. Umyeni wayemkhanuka lo wesifazane, kodwa wayemphatha kabi. Ngokushesha ngemva komshado, imizwa kaMaria yaqala ukushabalala. Usebenzise iMeneghini ukuze azuze yena.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-50s, uCallas wahlangana no-Aristotle Onassis. Wayengumnikazi wemikhumbi ocebile futhi engomunye wosomabhizinisi abacebe kakhulu eGreece. Lapho uMaria ehlushwa ukukhathala, odokotela batusa ukuba lona wesifazane ahlale ngasolwandle isikhathi esithile. Waya eGreece, lapho aqala khona ukuthandana no-Onassis ngasese.
Ubudlelwano obunothando baqala phakathi kukasozigidigidi kanye ne-opera diva. Wantshontsha inhliziyo yakhe. Kwenye yezingxoxo, uMaria wathi phakathi nemihlangano no-Onassis, wayekhungethwe imizwa kangangokuthi wayengakwazi ukuphefumula.
Ukuthuthela eParis Maria Callas
Ngokushesha uMaria uthuthela eParis ukuze abe seduze nesithandwa sakhe esisha. Usozigidi washiya umkakhe futhi wayesekulungele ukushada noCallas. Kodwa umshado weSonto LamaKatolika awuzange uvumele uMariya ukuba ahlukane nomshado wakhe wangaphambili. Umyeni kaMaria, uGiovanni, naye wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi isehlukaniso asihlali.
Maphakathi nawo-60s, uCallas wathola ukuthi wayelindele ingane esithandwa sakhe esisha. Wayephefumulelwe futhi ejabule. UMaria waphuthuma ukwazisa u-Onassis ngokukhulelwa kwakhe, kodwa ephendula wezwa igama elithi “ukukhipha isisu.” Wayikhipha ingane ukuze ingalahlekelwa indoda. Kamuva, uzothi uzozisola ngalesi sinqumo zonke izinsuku zakhe.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezithandani baqala ukuwohloka. UMaria wenza konke ukulondoloza ubuhlobo. U-Aristotle waphelelwa isithakazelo kulo wesifazane. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s bahlukana. U-Onassis wathatha uJacqueline Kennedy njengomkakhe. I-opera diva ayikaze ithole injabulo yowesifazane ngemva kokuhlukana.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngoMaria Callas
- Kuke kwaba namahlebezi nokuqagela isikhathi eside ngokufa kwe-opera diva. Amahemuhemu athi wadliswa ushevu umngane wakhe omkhulu.
- Wayethanda i-confectionery - amakhekhe nama-puddings. Kwadingeka ehlise isisindo ukuze athole indima ayeyifisa. Ngokuhamba konyaka, uMaria wehla ngamakhilogremu angu-30. Imfihlo yempumelelo ilula - ukudla imifino kanye nokudla okunamaprotheni.
- Lapho uCallas ebambe amaphathi ekhaya, wazenzela imenyu, futhi umpheki wakhe wamphekela yena kanye nezivakashi.
- Ezinyangeni zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe, uMaria akazange alondoloze ukuxhumana nezwe langaphandle. Ama-poodle athandekayo abe induduzo ku-diva.
- Ngenxa yezindima, kwakudingeka alahlekelwe isisindo kuphela, kodwa futhi athole isisindo. Ngolunye usuku isisindo sakhe safinyelela umkhawulo wamakhilogremu angama-90.
- Washiya umlotha wakhe ukuba ushiswe. Lahlakazeka phezu koLwandle i-Aegean.
Ukufa kukaMaria Callas
Ezinyangeni zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe, uMaria wazizwa ecindezelekile ngokungagunci. Ukulahlekelwa yindoda ethandekayo, ukwehla komsebenzi wakhe womculo, ukulahlekelwa ukukhanga - konke okwasusa isifiso sikaCallas sokuphila. Wenqaba ukuxhumana nabathandekayo futhi akazange aye esiteji.
Washona ngo-1977. Isizathu sokufa kwaba isifo senhliziyo esibangelwa i-dermatomyositis.
