UMaria Maksakova ungumculi we-opera waseSoviet. Naphezu kwazo zonke izimo, i-biography yokudala yomculi yayihamba kahle. UMaria waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni umculo we-opera.
UMaksakova wayeyindodakazi yomthengisi futhi engumfazi wesifundo sangaphandle. Wabeletha ingane kumuntu owabaleka e-USSR. Umculi we-opera ukwazile ukugwema ingcindezelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMaria waqhubeka nokudlala indima eyinhloko yaseshashalazini eyinhloko yeSoviet Union. I-opera diva isiphathe kaningi imiklomelo nemiklomelo yezwe ezandleni zayo.
Ubuntwana kanye nentsha yomculi uMaria Maksakova
UMaria Maksakova wazalwa ngo-1902 endaweni yesifundazwe sase-Astrakhan. Igama lentombazane lomculi we-opera nguSidorova. UMaria unguthunjana wezingane zesisebenzi senkampani yemikhumbi yase-Astrakhan uPyotr Vasilyevich nomkakhe uLyudmila, owayengowesifazane ovamile ompofu.
Intombazane kwadingeka ikhule kusenesikhathi. Ebusheni bakhe washonelwa uyise. Ukuze angathwali umndeni wakhe ngezindleko, uMaria waqala ukuziphilisa. UMaksakova wacula ekwayeni yesonto. Ukucula kwamjabulisa kakhulu uMasha. Wayephupha ngesiteji esikhulu.
Ukuqala komsebenzi womculi uMaria Maksakova
UMaria wathola imfundo yakhe yezwi e-Astrakhan Music College, eyasungulwa ngo-1900. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho kwaqala khona impi yombango. UMaria wenza amakhonsathi phambi kwamasosha e-Red Army, ekhuthaza amasosha ngokucula kwakhe.
Ngo-1919, edolobheni laseKrasny Yar, umculi wenza indima ye-opera okokuqala ngqa. Indlela acula ngayo ihlabe umxhwele izethameli kangangokuthi izethameli zenze lo mdlali osemncane wahlabelela.
Ngemva kwalokho, uMaria wafika ukuthola umsebenzi eqenjini opera Astrakhan. Ngaphambi kokubhalisa, wacelwa ukuba enze ingxenye kusukela opera "Eugene Onegin" P. I. Tchaikovsky. Wawuqeda umsebenzi. Amakhono alo mculi okuzwakalisa amazwi ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu kosomabhizinisi. Kwaqashwa uMaria Maksakova.
Akubona bonke ababejabule ngoMaria. Amalungu eqembu abenomona obala ngale ntombazane enekhono. Bahleba ngaye ngemuva, belokhu besakaza amahlebezi ahlekisayo. Babefuna ukubukela phansi igunya likaMaksakova, kodwa uhlamvu lukaMaria lwalunamandla kangangokuthi yonke imizamo yabangenangqondo ayiphumelelanga.
Ngolunye usuku wezwa othile ethi ngaye: “Akakwazi ukuhamba esiteji, kodwa ucela ukuba umshayi wezwi.” Encwadini yakhe yesikhumbuzo, umculi we-opera ukhumbula ukuthi wayengenangqondo futhi eyisiphukuphuku kangangokuthi wema ngemva komdlalo, elunguza ukugijima kwabadlali abanolwazi. UMaria wazama ukukopisha ukuziphatha kwabaculi abanekhono, engaqapheli ukuthi wayezimele futhi ethakazelisayo emphakathini.
Ngokushesha isikhundla senhloko yeqembu sathathwa uthisha kanye nosomabhizinisi uMaximilian Schwartz, owayesebenza ngaphansi kwegama elithi Maksakov. Le ndoda yamcasula uMaria ngokuthi akakwazi ukukhuluma kahle futhi angenza okwengeziwe uma efundela uthisha. UMaria wasamukela iseluleko sikaSchwartz. Waqala ukucija ikhono lakhe lokukhuluma ngenkuthalo.
Indlela yokudala uMaria Maksakova
Ngo-1923, uMaria Maksakova waqala ukubonakala esiteji seBolshoi Theatre. Udlale indawo ka-Amneris ku-Aida kaGiuseppe Verdi. USergei Lemeshev wayekhona ekusebenzeni kokuqala kwe-opera diva. Khona-ke wayesafunda e-conservatory. Umculi Wabantu Wakusasa wamangala ngezwi likaMaria kanye nekhono lakhe lokudlala esiteji. Ukhangwe ubuhle bomculi, ikakhulukazi umzimba wakhe omncane kanye nezici zobuso ezivumelanayo.
I-repertoire kaMaria yayigcwaliswa ngezingxenye ezintsha njalo ngonyaka. Udlale kuma-opera ka-Carmen kaGeorges Bizet, iThe Snow Maiden nekaMay Night kaNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, kanye noLohengrin kaRichard Wagner. Udumo lwalo mculi lunyuke kakhulu.
UMaria Maksakova, ngokungafani nalabo ababambe iqhaza, akazange agweme ukwenza izingxenye zabaqambi baseSoviet. Ngokwesibonelo, umculi iqhaza ukukhiqizwa Arseny Gladkovsky futhi Evgeny Prussak "For Red Petrograd". Wayengowokuqala ukwenza indima ka-Almast ku-opera yegama elifanayo lika-Alexander Stipendiarov.
Intandokazi kaStalin yathunyelwa emsebenzini ngokungalindelekile ngemva kwenyanga eshonile umholi. Lokhu kwamethusa, ngoba uMaria wayeneminyaka engu-51 kuphela ubudala. UMaksakova akazange alahlekelwe. Wenza ezothando futhi wafundisa e-GITIS.
Ngokushesha uMaria waba intandokazi yakhe yokuqala - Tamara Milashkina. Wasekela isigceme sakhe futhi wabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kukaTamara njengomculi we-opera.
UMaria Maksakova waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni i-opera yaseRussia. Ngenxa yezikhulisa-zwi, ukuhumusha komculi kwezothando kwakhunjulwa abantu abaningi baseSoviet njengeyakudala. Naphezu kwalokhu, wathola isihloko esithi "Umculi Wabantu" kuphela ngo-1971.
Impilo yomuntu siqu kaMaria Maksakova
Umyeni wokuqala womculi we-opera wayengumfelokazi uMaksakov. Injabulo yomndeni ayizange ivinjwe umehluko omkhulu weminyaka noma iqiniso lokuthi uMaksakov wayenezakhamuzi ezimbili. Enye inguqulo ithi Ksenia Jordanskaya (umkaMaksakov) ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe wamtshela ukuba athathe uMaria njengomkakhe.
Umyeni osemthethweni kaMaria wasebenzisa ukuxhumana okudingekayo ukuze athole umkakhe osemusha emukelwe eqenjini leBolshoi Theatre. Izimpilo zomuntu siqu nezokudala zabashadile zazixhumene eduze. Lo mculi we-opera wakhumbula ukuthi ngemva kokucula ngakunye umbhangqwana wawuhlangana futhi uhlaziye amaphutha owawenza lapho ucula.
Ngo-1936, uMaria Maksakova washonelwa umyeni wakhe. Nokho, akazange ahlale isikhathi eside engumfelokazi. Ngokushesha lo wesifazane washada nodiplomat Yakov Davtyan. Ukuphila komndeni noYakov kwakuzolile futhi kuthule. Ukuboshwa nokubulawa kukasomaqhinga kwaqeda injabulo.
Izingane zomculi
Lapho eneminyaka engu-38 ubudala, uMaria Maksakova waba umama. Wabeletha indodakazi, ayiqamba ngokuthi uLyudmila. Bathi owesifazane wabeletha Alexander Volkov. Le ndoda nayo yasebenza eBolshoi Theatre. Phakathi nempi, waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye i-USSR futhi athuthele eMelika.
I-patronymic "Vasilievna" yanikezwa uLyudmila Maksakova ngumngane omuhle kamama wakhe odumile, isikhulu sezokuphepha sikahulumeni uVasily Novikov. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona enye inguqulo yokuzalwa kwendodakazi. Bathi uMaria wazala uJoseph Stalin, owayengumlandeli womculi we-opera.
ULyudmila wathweswa iziqu eM. S. Shchepkin Higher Theatre School. Kusukela ngo-2020, owesifazane ubhalisiwe esikhungweni semfundo njengothisha. Wazibona njengomlingisi. Phakathi kwezindima ezigqama kakhulu ezenziwa nguMaksakova kukhona uTanya Ogneva (kwidrama ka-Isidor Annensky ethi "Usuku LukaTatiana"), uRosalind Eisenstein (ekulingweni kwefilimu ye-operetta ka-Johann Strauss ethi "Die Fledermaus") kanye no-Miss Emily Brent ("AmaNdiya Ayishumi Amancane").
Indodakazi ayizange izuze ifa lezwi elihle likanina onethalente. Kodwa wasiphinda isiphetho sakhe. Iqiniso liwukuthi uLyudmila washada kabili. Ngo-1970, ULyudmila wabeletha indodana umculi Feliksi-Lev Zbarsky. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, umyeni wathuthela eSoviet Union.
Eminyakeni engu-5 ngemva kokufa kuka-Maria Maksakova, umzukulu wakhe wazalwa, oqanjwe nge-opera diva. Ngendlela, uMaria Maksakova Jr. ungumuntu wemidiya. Lona wesifazane uyilungu le-Mariinsky Theatre futhi wayeyisekela le-Russian State Duma. Ngo-2016, usaziwayo wathuthela e-Ukraine.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngoMaria Maksakova
- Isikhumbuzo sikaMariya sinegama lakhe lobuntombi.
- Isakhiwo sefilimu ka-Eldar Ryazanov "Isiteshi Sesibili" kwakuyizikhathi ezithile zempilo yomuntu siqu kaMaksakova.
- Umyeni wesibili womculi we-opera wahola ukuhlelwa kabusha kweLeningrad Polytechnic Institute.
Ukufa kukaMaria Maksakova
UMaria Petrovna Maksakova washona ngo-August 1974. Ngosuku lomngcwabo kwabuthana abantu abaningi. Amaphoyisa agibele eqaphile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho olimele.
I-opera diva yangcwatshwa emathuneni aseVvedensky enhloko-dolobha yeRussian Federation. Edolobheni lakubo, umgwaqo, isikwele, nomphakathi wamaphilharmonic uqanjwe ngoMaria Maksakova. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, umkhosi womculo oqanjwe ngoValeria Barsova noMaria Maksakova uhlelwe e-Astrakhan.
