UMark Bernes ungomunye wabaculi be-pop baseSoviet abadume kakhulu phakathi nengxenye yesibili yekhulu lama-XNUMX, Umculi Wabantu we-RSFSR. Waziwa kabanzi ngokudlala kwakhe izingoma ezinjengethi "Dark Night", "At the Nameless Height", njll.
Namuhla, uBernes ubizwa ngokuthi hhayi kuphela umculi nomculi wezingoma, kodwa futhi ungumuntu wangempela womlando. Kunzima ukweqisa iqhaza lakhe esikweni lenkathi yamaSoviet. Igama lakhe alaziwa nje kuphela esizukulwaneni esidala, kodwa nasezinganeni zesikole ezimbonile izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa emakhasini ezincwadi zokufunda.
Ebuntwaneni umculi Mark Bernes
Umculi wazalwa ngo-October 8, 1911 edolobheni Nizhyn (isifundazwe Chernigov) emndenini wamaJuda. Uyise wayesebenza lapho kwamukelwe khona izinto zokusetshenziswa ezazilungiselelwa ukuchithwa, futhi unina wayenakekela umndeni nomuzi. Naphezu kokuthi abazali bomfana babekude nobuciko, kuhlanganise nomculo, wakhulela phakathi kwezingoma nezingoma ezihlala zizwakala. Ngenxa yalokhu, waqala ukuba nesithakazelo kumculo we-pop kusenesikhathi. Abazali bomculi wesikhathi esizayo baqaphela ukuthambekela kwakhe futhi baqaphela ukuthi indodana yakhe yayinawo wonke amathuba okuba umculi.
UMarku waphothula esikoleni e-Kharkov, lapho ayehlala khona kusukela eminyakeni engaba ngu-5 ubudala. Ngemva kokuphothula amakilasi ayisikhombisa, wangena esikoleni semidlalo yaseshashalazini. Kule minyaka, ukulingisa kwaqala - uBernes wadlala endaweni yaseshashalazini yendawo. Waqala ukusebenza njenge-extra, okuyinto angazange ayithole kalula. Umfana kwakusamele anxenxe ikhanda ukuthi limhambise emsebenzini.
Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, omunye wabalingisi wagula ngaphambi komdlalo. Lo mqondisi ubengenayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokuthi akhiphe isengezo esiteji. Imizamo kaMark ayizange ibe yize - umdlalo wakhe waziswa ngumqondisi. Le nsizwa yanquma ukuba umlingisi futhi yathatha i-pseudonym yakhe edumile.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-18, le nsizwa yahamba eKharkov. Endleleni kwakukhona iMoscow nazo zonke izinhlobo zayo zaseshashalazini. UMarku wathola isikhundla sesikhathi esigcwele kumathiyetha amabili adumile ngesikhathi esisodwa - iBolshoi neMaly. Nokho, akazange angene eqenjini, kodwa waba extra. Ayizange iphatheke kabi le nsizwa. Ezazi mathupha ngalezi midlalo yaseshashalazini, wakujabulela ukusebenza lapha. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, umfana waqala ukunikeza izindima ezincane. UMark kancane kancane wajoyina impilo yaseshashalazini yaseMoscow.
UMark Bernes: Ukuqala Kwendalo Yomculo
Maphakathi nawo-1930 kwaphawula ukuqala komsebenzi wokulingisa ogcwele kaBernes. Isizukulwane esidala sababukeli siyamazi hhayi nje njengomculi, kodwa futhi njengomdlali onekhono owazibonakalisa ngokuphelele kumafilimu "Fighters", "Big Life", njll. Maphakathi neminyaka eyishumi, uBernes wathandwa futhi wathandwa kakhulu. uthando.
Ngo-1943, ngesikhathi kuthuthwa e-Tashkent, ifilimu ethi "Amasosha Amabili" yaqoshwa. UMarku naye wadlala indima ebalulekile lapha. Uphinde wazibonakalisa lapha njengomlingisi onekhono. Le filimu iphinde yaba yisiqalo emsebenzini wakhe womculo. Kwakuyifilimu ethi "Amasosha Amabili" lapho ingoma edumile ethi "Dark Night" izwakala okokuqala, eyathinta umbukeli kusukela kumanothi okuqala. Uma ngingayibeka kanjalo-ke le ngoma ingabizwa ngengoma eyashisa izikhotha. Ukuqamba kwaduma.
Ukunyuka kokuduma
Ingoma yaba inguquko yangempela empilweni nasemsebenzini kaBernes. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abaningi baphawula ukuthi uMarku akakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi umnikazi wezwi elinamandla eliyingqayizivele, ubuqotho umculi ahlabelela ngabo bungene ekujuleni komphefumulo wawo wonke umuntu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, noma iyiphi ifilimu ngokubamba iqhaza komlingisi yayihambisana nengoma yomculi, ezwakala kufilimu. Amafilimu ezinganekwane athi "Fighters" kanye "Big Life" ayefana. "Idolobha Elithandekayo" kanye "Bengiphupha Ngawe Iminyaka Emithathu" athande umbukeli okungenani ama-movie.
Ngalesi sikhathi, umsakazo wawudlala umculo kaBernes nsuku zonke. Lo mculi umenywe emakhonsathini amaningi ehlukene okubalwa nethelevishini. Naphezu kwalokhu, uMarku akazange ayeke umsebenzi wakhe wefilimu futhi waqhubeka enza amafilimu. Kodwa nokho, ukunaka okukhulu kombukeli kusukela manje kwakungagxilile ethalenteni lokulingisa lomculi, kodwa ezingomeni azicula ngokuhambisana neskripthi.
Uthole isicoco sokuba ngumculi wesintu. Ingoma ngayinye entsha yaba yingoma, futhi ukunaka kwababhali nabaqambi abahamba phambili kwakugxile kumculi. Ukwenza kukaMarku izinkondlo ngokushesha kwenza umbhali wabo adume. Kwakunjalo nangamalungiselelo. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, izimbongi eziningi nabaqambi babefuna umculi enze lokho ababekulungiselele.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abanye babo bakhala ngokungagunci ngobulukhuni balo mculi. Ubehlale ecela ukwenza kabusha ingxenye yengoma - kungaba umugqa wenkondlo noma iculo lomculo. Konke lokhu kwabangela ukucasuka nokungqubuzana, kodwa ekugcineni, uBernes wazuza ayekufuna.
Maphakathi nekhulu lama-1960 kuwusuku oluphambili lokusungula nokuthandwa komculi. Ubedlala masonto onke emakhonsathini ahlukene, wathola zonke izinhlobo zezihloko nezindondo. Nokho, ngasekupheleni kwawo-XNUMX, isimo saqala ukushintsha.
UMark Bernes kanye Neminyaka Yakamuva
Ngo-1956, umkakhe, uPolina Linetskaya, wabulawa i-oncology, okwakuyigalelo elinzima. Kwabe sekulandela uchungechunge lokwehluleka emsebenzini wakhe. Ngo-1958, uMarku wenza ekhonsathini phambi kukaNikita Khrushchev. Umculi ngamunye ubengakwazi ukucula izingoma ezingeqile kwezimbili. Uma izethameli zicela umculi ukuthi acule kakhulu, lolu daba bekumele luxazululwe ngabaphathi. Ngemva kokudlala kukaBernes, izethameli zazifuna okwengeziwe. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi abaphathi base benyamalele ngaleso sikhathi, umculi wanquma ukulandela imithetho yekhonsathi. Ngakho wakhothama wahamba. Ithimba likaKhrushchev alibhekanga lokhu njengokuhambisana nemithetho, kodwa njengokuziqhenya nokungahloniphi umbukeli.
Ngemva kwalolo suku, amaphephandaba (phakathi kwabo i-Pravda edumile) aqala ukubhala mayelana "nenkanyezi" yomculi, edala isithombe esingcolile ngokusobala kuye. Ngenxa yokugxekwa, ababhali, abaqambi nezitudiyo benqabile ukusebenza nomculi. Cishe akukho okunikezwayo okusele.
Isimo saba ngcono kuphela ngo-1960, lapho umculi kancane kancane wamenywa emakhonsathini futhi wanikeza izindima ezintsha. Enye yezingoma zokugcina kwaba "Cranes", eyaqoshwa ngoJulayi 1969 ngesikhathi esisodwa (isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga ngaphambi kokufa komculi ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu).
