UMarlene Dietrich ungumculi nomlingisikazi omkhulu kunabo bonke, omunye wobuhle ababulalayo bekhulu lama-1930. Umnikazi we-contralto enokhahlo, amakhono obuciko bemvelo, ahlanganiswe ne-charm emangalisayo kanye nekhono lokuziveza esiteji. Ngawo-XNUMX, wayengomunye wabaculi besifazane abahola kakhulu emhlabeni.
Waduma hhayi kuphela ezweni lakubo elincane, kodwa futhi kude nemingcele yayo. Ngokufanelekile, ubhekwa njengezinga lobufazi kanye nobulili.
Kunezinganekwane ngempilo yomculi. Abanye bambheka njengophawu lobubi ngenxa yokuxhumana kwakhe okuningi namadoda, abanye - isithonjana sesitayela nokunambitheka okucwengekile, owesifazane ofanelwe ukulingiswa.
Ngakho-ke ubani uMarlene Dietrich? Kungani isiphetho sakhe sisadonsela ukunaka kwabathandi bethalente kuphela, abahlaziyi bezobuciko kanye nezazi-mlando, kodwa futhi nabantu abavamile?
Uhambo oluya ku-biography kaMarlene Dietrich
UMaria Magdalena Dietrich (igama langempela) wazalwa ngoDisemba 27, 1901 eBerlin emndenini ocebile. Intombazane yayimazi kancane uyise. Washona eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala.
Ukukhuliswa kwenziwa ngumama, owesifazane onohlamvu "wensimbi" nezimiso eziqinile. Yingakho wanika izingane zakhe (uDietrich wayenodadewabo uLiesel) imfundo enhle kakhulu.
U-Dietrich wayekwazi kahle izilimi ezimbili zakwamanye amazwe (isiNgisi nesiFulentshi), edlala i-lute, i-violin nopiyano, futhi wacula. Umdlalo wokuqala womphakathi wenziwa ehlobo lika-1917 ekhonsathini ye-Red Cross.
Lapho ineminyaka engu-16, intombazane yashiya isikole futhi, ngokuphikelela kukanina, yathuthela edolobheni lesifundazwe laseJalimane i-Weimar, lapho wayehlala khona endlini yokuhlala, eqhubeka nezifundo zakhe zokudlala i-violin. Kodwa wayengahloselwe ukuba ngumdlali wevayolini odumile.
Ngo-1921, ebuyela eBerlin, waqala wazama ukungena e-K. Flesch Higher School of Music, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Khona-ke ngo-1922 wangena esikoleni sokulingisa sika-M. Reinhardt enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseJalimane, kodwa akazange aphumelele izivivinyo.
Nokho, umqondisi wesikhungo semfundo wabona ithalente le ntokazi futhi ngasese wayinikeza izifundo.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, intombazane yakwazi ukusebenza ku-orchestra ehambisana namafilimu athule, umdansi e-night cafe. UFortune wamoyizela uMarlene. Uqale ukubonakala esiteji endaweni yeshashalazi njengomlingisi eneminyaka engu-21.
Indlela yokudala kaMarlene Dietrich
Kusukela ngo-December 1922, kwaqala ukwanda ngokushesha emsebenzini wakhe. Le ntokazi imenywe ukuthi izohlola izivivinyo. Wadlala kumafilimu: "Lawa ngamadoda", "Inhlekelele yothando", "Cafe Electrician".
Kodwa inkazimulo yangempela yafika ngemva kokukhululwa kwefilimu ethi "The Blue Angel" ngo-1930. Izingoma ezenziwa nguMarlene Dietrich kule filimu zaba izingoma, futhi umlingisi ngokwakhe wavuka edumile.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, wasuka eJalimane waya eMelika, wasayina inkontileka engenisa imali neParamount Pictures. Ngesikhathi sokubambisana nenkampani yaseHollywood, kwadutshulwa amafilimu angu-6, okwaletha udumo emhlabeni wonke lukaDietrich.
Kungalesi sikhathi lapho eba yindinganiso yobuhle besifazane, uphawu lobulili, olunonya futhi olungenacala, olungenakunqotshwa futhi olukhohlisayo.
Khona-ke umculi wabizwa emuva eJalimane, kodwa wenqaba lesi sipho, eqhubeka nokuqopha eMelika, futhi wathola ubuzwe baseMelika.
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, uMarlene waphazamisa umsebenzi wakhe wokulingisa wacula phambi kwamasosha aseMelika, futhi wagxeka obala uhulumeni wamaNazi. Njengoba umdwebi asho kamuva: “Lesi ukuphela kwesenzakalo esibalulekile ekuphileni kwami.”
Ngemva kwempi, imisebenzi yakhe emelene namaJalimane yaziswa iziphathimandla zaseFrance nezaseMelika, ezamnika izindondo nama-oda.
Phakathi kuka-1946 no-1951 umculi wayematasa kakhulu ekubhaleni ama-athikili omagazini bemfashini, ephethe izinhlelo zomsakazo, futhi edlala indima eyisiqephu kumafilimu.
Ngo-1953, uMarlene Dietrich uvele phambi komphakathi endimeni entsha njengomculi nokuzijabulisa. Ekanye nomdlali wopiyano u-B. Bakarak, uqophe ama-albhamu ambalwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isihlabani samafilimu siye sadlala kumafilimu kancane kancane.
Lapho ebuyela ezweni lakubo, umdlali we-actress wamukelwa ngendlela ebandayo. Umphakathi awuzange ube nemibono yakhe yezombangazwe, eqondiswe ngokumelene nemisebenzi yeziphathimandla zaseJalimane phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili.
Ekupheleni komsebenzi wakhe, u-Dietrich wadlala amakhasethi amaningana ( "Izilingo zaseNuremberg", "Gigolo Enhle, Gigolo Empofu"). Ngo-1964, umculi wanikeza amakhonsathi eLeningrad naseMoscow.
Ngo-1975, umsebenzi ophumelelayo waphazanyiswa ingozi. Emcimbini owawuseSydney, u-Dietrich wawela emgodini we-orchestra futhi waphuka kanzima i-femur yakhe. Ngemva kokukhishwa esibhedlela, uMarlene wahamba waya eFrance.
Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, umlingisi akazange ashiye indlu. Kwaba nzima kuye ukwamukela iqiniso lokuthi impilo ngeke ifane. Impilo ebuthaka, ukushona komyeni wakhe, ubuhle obunciphayo kwaba yizizathu eziyinhloko zokuhamba komlingisi owake wakhanya esiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini nakumafilimu ethunzini.
NgoMeyi 6, 1992, uMarlene Dietrich washona. Lesi sihlabani singcwatshwe emathuneni asedolobheni eBerlin eduze kukanina.
Impilo yomculi ngaphandle kwesiteji kanye ne-cinema
U-Marlene Dietrich, njenganoma yimuphi umuntu ovela emphakathini, wayevame ukuzithola esesigabeni. Izilaleli azizange zihlatshwe umxhwele nje ngezwi eliphansi eliqinile lomculi, kodwa futhi nethalente lomdlali we-actress. Babenesithakazelo ekuphileni komuntu siqu kwentokazi efile.
Uhlonishwe ngamanoveli cishe nengxenye yosaziwayo baseHollywood, osozigidi, ngisho nombhangqwana waseKennedy. Umshini “ophuzi” uphinde waveza ubudlelwano bukaDietrich obungenabungane ngokuphelele nabanye besifazane - u-Edith Piaf, umbhali waseSpain uMercedes de Acosta, u-ballerina uVera Zorina. Nakuba umlingisi ngokwakhe akazange aphawule ngaleli qiniso.
Inkanyezi yefilimu yayishade kanye nomsizi womqondisi u-R. Sieber. Umbhangqwana wahlala ndawonye iminyaka engu-5. Emshadweni, babenendodakazi, uMaria, eyakhuliswa nguyise. Umama uzinikele ngokuphelele emsebenzini wakhe nasezindabeni zothando.
U-Dietrich waba umfelokazi ngo-1976. Kungani umbhangqwana ungazange uhlukanise ngokusemthethweni, uhlala ngokwehlukana, kuseyimfihlakalo.
UMarlene wayengesabi izinguquko zekhadinali emfanekisweni wakhe, ememezela obala ukuthi ubuhle bowesifazane bubaluleke kakhulu kunobuhlakani. Ube ngowokuqala ocansini olufanelekile ukugqoka ibhulukwe efilimini iMorocco (1930), ngaleyo ndlela eguqule umhlaba wemfashini.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi yonke indawo wayethatha izibuko naye, njengoba wayekholelwa ukuthi ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo izimonyo kufanele ziphelele. Ngemva kokungena enkathini ehloniphekile, waba umculi wokuqala ukuba ahlinzekwe ngepulasitiki - i-facelift.
U-Marlene Dietrich akayena nje umlingisi onekhono nomculi owashiya uphawu olukhanyayo emlandweni we-cinema yomhlaba, kodwa futhi owesifazane oyimfihlo owaphila impilo ekhanyayo nejabulisayo.
Izikwele eParis naseBerlin ziqanjwe ngaye, kuye kwenziwa amafilimu amaningana, futhi umculi waseRussia u-A. Vertinsky waze wabhala ingoma ethi "Marlene" ngokuhlonipha umculi.
