UMikhail Glinka ungumuntu obalulekile emhlabeni wefa lomculo we-classic. Lona ungomunye wabasunguli be-Russian folk opera. Kubathandi bomculo we-classical, umqambi angase aziwe njengombhali wemisebenzi:
- "Ruslan futhi Ludmila";
- "Impilo yeNkosi".
Imvelo yezingoma zikaGlinka ayikwazi ukudideka neminye imisebenzi edumile. Ukwazile ukuthuthukisa isitayela somuntu ngamunye sokwethula izinto zomculo. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezenza abantu besikhathi samanje baphendukele emisebenzini yomqambi.
Ubuntwana nobusha
Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich wazalelwa endaweni Smolensk esifundeni. Usuku lokuzalwa komqambi luzowela ngoMeyi 20, 1804. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ubaba nomama womqambi omkhulu babeyizihlobo ezikude kakhulu zomunye nomunye.
Ngokunokwenzeka ngenxa yezibopho zomndeni zikayise nonina, uMikhail wakhula njengengane ebuthakathaka ngendlela emangalisayo. Wayevame ukugula, ngakho wayedinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Eminyakeni yokuqala eyi-10, umfana wakhuliswa ugogo ozala uyise.
Owesifazane owayehlukaniswa ngokuqina wahlakulela umlingiswa oyinkimbinkimbi nonovalo eGlinka. UMichael akazange aye esikoleni. Wayefundelwa ekhaya. Futhi, ukufunda kude kuyisidingo ngaphezu kokukhetha. U-Glinka wayevame ukugula, ngakho wayengakwazi ukuba semphakathini. Wabamba izifo ezihlukahlukene.
UMikhail wabonisa isithakazelo emculweni ebuntwaneni. Abazali basabela ekuzilibaziseni okusha kwendodana yabo ngokunganaki kwabo okuvamile. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, wayeshaya isigqi, esebenzisa izinkezo zethusi, ezazigcinwa ekhishini lomkhaya.
Lapho ugogo eshona ngokuzumayo, umama wakhulisa uMikhail. Owesifazane naye akazange ahluke ngesimilo sokukhononda. Ngokushesha wathumela indodana yakhe endlini yokuhlala, eyayisendaweni yenhloko-dolobha yamasiko yaseRussia Federation - iSt. Qaphela ukuthi i-elite kuphela, ehlanganisa izicukuthwane, yafunda esikhungweni semfundo.
Kulapha lapho umqambi wesikhathi esizayo waqala ukutadisha umculo ngenkuthalo. Wathola umhlaba wemisebenzi yakudala. Uthisha oyintandokazi kaMikhail kwakungumculi uKarl Mayer. Lesi sakamuva sikwazile ukwakha ukunambitheka komculo okufanele kuye.
Indlela yokudala yomqambi uMikhail Glinka
Izingoma zokuqala ezivela epeni le-maestro zaphuma cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu esikhungweni semfundo. Waba umbhali wezothando eziningana ezinezingoma nezibuhlungu. UMikhail wabhala enye yezincwadi zakhe ezisekelwe ezinkondlweni zikaPushkin. Sikhuluma ngengoma ethi "Ungaculi, ubuhle, nami."
Ngokuthakazelisayo, u-Alexander Sergeevich noGlinka bahlangana lapho befunda esikoleni sokuhlala. Babehlanganiswe uthando lomculo nezincwadi. Kwaze kwaba sekufeni okudabukisayo kukaPushkin, balondoloza ubuhlobo obufudumele nobungane.
Ngo-1823, ngenxa yempilo ewohlokayo, umqambi waya eCaucasus, esibhedlela. Wahlabeka umxhwele ngombala wendawo. Izintaba, izindawo ezingachazeki nezindawo ezithakazelisayo kwaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni, kuhlanganise nempilo engokomzwelo. Lapho umpetha ebuyela ekhaya, waqala ukubhala izingoma ezibuhlungu.
Ngemva konyaka, uGlinka uphoqeleka ukuba ashiye ikhaya lakhe. Waya eSt. Petersburg, lapho athatha khona isikhundla eMnyangweni Wezitimela Nokuxhumana. Umculi wayejabule ngomsebenzi, kodwa akazange aneliseke ngokuthi wayengenaso isikhathi esanele somuntu siqu sokuhlanganyela ekudaleni. U-Glinka wanquma ukwesula esikhundleni esikhokhelwa kakhulu.
Ukuphila kwaseSt. Kulapha lapho zonke izenzakalo ezibalulekile zangaleso sikhathi zenzeka khona. UMikhail wakwazi ukujwayelana ne-elite yokudala, futhi wathola ulwazi ukuze enze imisebenzi yakudala ehlakaniphile.
Ukuhlala eSt. Petersburg akuzange kudlule ngaphandle komkhondo weGlinka. Ubumanzi nokubanda okungapheli kwaba nomthelela ekuwohlokeni kwempilo ye-maestro enkulu. Lo mculi ubengenayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokuyothola ukwelashwa kwesinye sezibhedlela zaseYurophu.
E-Italy, uGlinka akaphathwanga nje kuphela, kodwa futhi wahlanganyela ekuqeqesheni umsebenzi. Lapho, wahlangana noDonizetti noBellini, bayifundela kahle i-opera ne-bel canto. Lapho impilo yakhe isilulama ngokugcwele, umqambi wanquma ukuvakashela eJalimane. Lapho, uyaqhubeka nokufunda, eya ezifundweni zopiyano ezivela kothisha abavelele baseJalimane. Ukushona kukayise kwaphoqa uMichael ukuba abuyele ezweni lakubo.
Ikusasa lomsebenzi wokudala womqambi uMikhail Glinka
Ukuphila kukaGlinka konke kwakusemculweni. Ngokushesha waqala umsebenzi komunye wemisebenzi yakhe evelele kakhulu - i-opera ethi "Ivan Susanin", kamuva eyaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi "Impilo Yenkosi". I-maestro yaphefumulelwa ukuba ibhale umsebenzi ngezenzo zezempi azithola esemncane. UMikhail wayengenazo izinkumbulo ezinhle kakhulu zalezi zenzakalo ezimbi, ngakho wabelana ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ngokusebenzisa i-prism yomculo.
U-Glinka wanquma ukuthi anganciphisi. Umqambi wahlala phansi ukuze aqambe i-opera yesibili eyinganekwane. Ngokushesha, abalandeli bomculo we-classic base bejabulela omunye wemisebenzi ehlakaniphe kakhulu yengcweti. Wathola igama elithi "Ruslan futhi Lyudmila".
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukubhalwa kwe-opera eyethulwe kwathatha uGlinka iminyaka eyisithupha. Yini eyamangaza lo mculi ngemuva kokugxekwa kanzima ngomsebenzi wakhe. Inkinga yokudala yaqondana nezinkinga empilweni yakhe yomuntu siqu. Konke lokhu kwaholela kumphumela owodwa ongathi sína - impilo yomculi yaphinde yawohloka.
Ukuze aphefumulelwe, u-Glinka waphinde wazifaka ubuthi endaweni yaseYurophu. Lo mculi wavakashela amazwe amaningana amasiko, okwathi ngemva kwalokho waphawula ukuthi isimo sakhe sengqondo sasingcono kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukhulula eminye imisebenzi eminingi yehlelo, okuyilezi:
- "Aragonese jota";
- "Izinkumbulo zaseCastile".
Uhambo oluya eYurophu lwenze into esemqoka - wabuyela uMikhail Glinka ukuzethemba kuye nangethalente lakhe. Ukuthola amandla nogqozi, i-maestro iya ezweni lakubo.
Umqambi wanquma ukuhlala endlini yabazali bakhe isikhathi esithile. Kwamduduza ukuthula okwakubusa kulomuzi. Ngemva kokuthuthela eSt. Petersburg, kodwa ngokushesha waqaphela ukuthi ukuphila edolobheni, kanye nengxabano emhlupha kuzo zonke izinyathelo, kuthatha amandla akhe okugcina. Ushiya inhloko-dolobha yamasiko futhi ulibangise eWarsaw. Lapha ubhala i-symphonic fantasy Kamarinskaya.
ezihambayo
Wachitha iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe ehamba. Kwakunzima kuye ukuba sendaweni eyodwa, ngoba wayekhathele ukuphila kwansuku zonke. Wahamba kakhulu eYurophu. Izwe uGlinka alithanda kakhulu kwakuyiFrance.
IParis yavula ukwanda kwamabutho amasha eGlinka. UMikhail wazizwa ekahle, ngakho wahlala phansi ukuze abhale elinye i-symphony ekhaliphile. Sikhuluma ngomsebenzi "Taras Bulba". Umculi wachitha iminyaka eminingana eParis. Lapho ezwa ngokuqala kweMpi YaseCrimea, wapakisha ipotimende lakhe futhi ngokushesha waya ezweni lakubo. Akazange akwazi ukuqeda umsebenzi we-symphony.
Lapho efika endaweni ye-Russian Federation, uGlinka wahlala phansi ukuze abhale izikhumbuzo zakhe. Bayidlulisele kahle i-biography kanye nomoya ojwayelekile we-maestro. Izikhumbuzo zanyatheliswa ngemva kweminyaka engu-15 kuphela ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Amanothi".
Mikhail Glinka: Imininingwane yokuphila kwakhe siqu
Kubonakala sengathi ku-biography kaMikhail Glinka ngeke kube khona indawo yezenzo zothando. Kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso. Phakathi nohambo lwakhe lwase-Europe, waba nezikhathi zothando eziningana ezididayo. Lapho efika eRussia, umculi washada Mary Petrovna Ivanova.
Lo mshado wawungajabulile. UMikhail waqaphela ukuthi wayejahile ngesinqumo sokudala umndeni noMariya Ivanova. Inhliziyo yakhe yayingakwazi ukuthanda umuntu wesifazane. Ngenxa yalokho, umculi ngokwakhe wahlupheka, kodwa nomkakhe.
U-Ekaterina Kern waba umsebenzi omusha kaGlinka. Lapho ebona intombazane, inhliziyo kaMikhail yagxuma isuka esifubeni sakhe. Ngokuthakazelisayo, Katya wayeyindodakazi Museum Pushkin. Kwaba kuye ukuthi imbongi yanikezela ivesi elithi "Ngikhumbula umzuzu omangalisayo."
U-Glinka waqala ubuhlobo obunzima nomuntu osemusha. Wahlangana noCatherine, kodwa akazange aphule ngokusemthethweni umshado noMarya. Unkosikazi osemthethweni naye akazange agqame ngokuziphatha. Uphumele obala wakhohlisa lo mculi, ekhuluma ngezindaba zakhe zothando. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wammangalela nge-adventures nesithandwa esisha futhi akazange anikeze isehlukaniso. UMichael wayechotshoziwe.
Ngemva kweminyaka engu-6 eshadile noGlinka, uMaria, ngasese kumqambi omkhulu, washada noNikolai Vasilchikov. Ngemva kokuba uMikhail eqaphela leli qiniso, wayethemba ukuthi uMariya manje uzovuma isehlukaniso, ngoba sonke lesi sikhathi wayekade ethandana noKatya.
Lapho edivosa, waqaphela ukuthi wayengasenayo leyo mizwa yothando ngoCatherine ayenayo ngaphambili. Akakaze ayishade intombazane.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngoMikhail Glinka
- Lapho umqambi ezwa ngokufa kukanina, isandla sakhe sokunene walahlekelwa ukuzwela.
- UMikhail angaba nendlalifa evela kuCatherine, kodwa wamnika imali yokukhipha isisu.
- Ngemva kokuba uGlinka ashiye uKatya, intombazane yalinda iminyaka eyi-10 ukuze ibuye.
- Wayenezwi elimnandi, kodwa uGlinka wayengavamile ukucula.
- Wayekwazi ukukhuluma izilimi ezingu-7.
Ukufa kukaMikhail Glinka
UGlinka eJalimane wafunda ngempilo yomuntu siqu ka-Johann Sebastian Bach. Ngokushesha kwaziwa ngokufa kwe-maestro. Wafa ngo-1857. Imbangela yokufa kwaba yinyumoniya.
Isidumbu salo mculi singcwatshwe emathuneni amaLuthela. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, udadewabo kaGlinka wafika eBerlin. Wayefuna ukungcwaba isidumbu sikamaestro ezweni lakubo.
