U-Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov - ubuntu ngaphandle kokuthi umculo waseRussia, ikakhulukazi umculo womhlaba, awukwazi ukucabanga. Umbhidisi, umqambi nomculi wabhala ngomsebenzi wakhe omude wokudala:
- 15 ama-opera;
- 3 ama-symphonies;
- 80 ezothando.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-maestro yayinenani elikhulu lemisebenzi ye-symphonic. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi esemncane, u-Nikolai wayephupha ngomsebenzi wokuba itilosi. Wayeyithanda i-geography futhi engacabangi ukuphila kwakhe ngaphandle kokuvakasha. Lapho iphupho lakhe lifezekile, wahamba uhambo lokuzungeza umhlaba, waphambana nezinhlelo zakhe. I-maestro yayifuna ukubuyela ezweni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi izinikele emculweni.
U-Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov: Ubuntwana Nentsha
I-maestro yazalelwa edolobheni elincane lesifundazwe laseTikhvin. Umkhaya wawunothile, ngakho umkhaya omkhulu wawungadingi lutho.
Abazali bakhulisa abafana ababili abamangalisayo - iQhawe noNikolai. Indodana endala yanquma ukulandela ezinyathelweni zikakhokho wayo. Wakhuphukela esigabeni somkhuzi wangemuva wasolwandle. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iQhawe lalineminyaka engama-22 ubudala kunoNikolai. Umzalwane wayeyisikhulu se-maestro. Wayehlale elalela umbono wakhe.
U-Nikolai wayelungiselelwa ukuthi wayezosebenza eButhweni Lamasosha Amanzi. Inhloko yomndeni yawazi kahle umdlalo ngezinsimbi zomculo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ube nesandla ekutheni womabili amadodana akhombise uthando olukhulu lomculo. Ikakhulukazi, u-Kolya omncane wacula ekwayeni yesonto. Futhi kakade eneminyaka engu-9 wabhala ucezu lokuqala lomculo.
Lapho esemusha, u-Nikolai wangena eNaval Cadet Corps. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, akazange abe nesithakazelo ku-geography kuphela, kodwa futhi kwezobuciko. Enhloko-dolobha esenyakatho, wavakashela izindlu ze-opera futhi wajoyina umbuthano wezwe wamasiko. KwakuseMoscow lapho aqala khona ukujwayela izingoma ze-maestro edumile yangaphandle neRussia.
Lapha wathatha izifundo ze-cello kuthisha Ulich, wabe esefunda nomdlali wepiyano Fyodor Kanille. Ngo-1862, uRimsky-Korsakov wathola iziqu ze-honours evela embuthweni wasolwandle. Injabulo yathatha indawo yosizi. UNikolai wezwa ukuthi inhloko yomkhaya ishonile. Ngemva kokufa kukayise, umndeni wathuthela enhloko-dolobha yamasiko yaseRussia.
Indlela yokudala yomqambi
Ngo-1861, uNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov waba nenhlanhla yokuhlangana noMily Balakirev (umsunguli wesikole esinamandla). Ukujwayelana kwakhula hhayi kuphela ubungane obuqinile, kodwa futhi kwathonya ukwakheka kukaRimsky-Korsakov njengomqambi.
Ngaphansi kwethonya likaMilius, u-Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov wabhala i-Symphony No. 1, op. 1. I-maestro ayikwazanga ukwenza isinqumo sokwethula umsebenzi, kodwa ngemva kokubuyekezwa okuthile, wethula ukwakheka kombuthano wenhlangano ye-Mighty Handful. Lapho umkhaya uthuthela eSt. Petersburg, uNikolai wagxila kakhulu ekusunguleni izinto.
Ngalesi sikhathi, umqambi wayegcwele ubuqili bezinganekwane. Ulwazi olusha lwaphefumulela i-maestro ukudala ingoma yomculo "Sadko". U-Rimsky-Korsakov wavulela umphakathi kanye nozakwabo umqondo onjengokuthi "uhlelo". Ngaphezu kwalokho, wasungula imodi yokulinganisa, ngenxa yokuthi umculo wathola umsindo ohluke ngokuphelele, owawungakaze uzwakale.
ithalente azalwa nalo
Wayehlale evivinya izinhlelo ze- fret, futhi lokhu kwamnikeza injabulo yangempela. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokwemvelo wanikezwa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuzwa kombala", okwamvumela ukuba azitholele ngokwakhe ngomsindo womculo we-classic. Ngakho-ke, wabona ithoni ye-C enkulu njengomthunzi okhanyayo, no-D omkhulu njengophuzi. I-maestro ihlobanise u-E omkhulu nento yolwandle.
Ngokushesha enye i-suite yomculo "Antar" yavela emhlabeni womculo. Wabe eseqala ukusebenza ekubhaleni i-opera yokuqala. Ngo-1872, abalandeli bomsebenzi kaNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov bajabulela umculo omnandi we-opera ethi The Maid of Pskov.
I-maestro yayingenayo imfundo yomculo, kodwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1870 yaba uprofesa eSt. Petersburg Conservatory. Uchithe iminyaka engaphezu kuka-30 ngaphakathi kwezindonga zesikhungo semfundo.
Wayewuthanda umsebenzi wakhe futhi wacija umsebenzi wakhe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Phakathi nenkathi yokufundisa e-Conservatory, u-Nikolai wabhala izingoma ze-polyphonic, izingoma, futhi wadala amakhonsathi e-ensemble yezinsimbi. Ngo-1874 wavivinya amandla akhe njengomqhubi. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-6, wayesevele edlala ne-orchestra enhloko-dolobha yaseRussian Federation.
URimsky-Korsakov wasebenza ngokuzikhandla ngawo-1980. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, wagcwalisa i-piggy bank yomculo ngemisebenzi eminingi engafi. Sikhuluma ngamasudi e-orchestra "Scheherazade", "Spanish Capriccio" kanye ne-overture "Iholide Eliqhakazile".
Ukwehla komsebenzi wokudala we-maestro
Iminyaka yawo-1890 yaphawulwa ukwehla komsebenzi womqambi odumile. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwavela imisebenzi yefilosofi ye-maestro. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wenza izinguquko eziningana zezingoma ezindala. Umsebenzi uthathe ithoni ehluke ngokuphelele.
Isithombe sisonke sashintsha maphakathi nawo-1890. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uRimsky-Korsakov waqala ukubhala imisebenzi eminingi ekhaliphile ngamandla avuselelwe. Ngokushesha wethula i-opera edume kakhulu ku-repertoire yakhe, uMlobokazi weTsar.
Ngemva kokwethulwa kwenqwaba yama-opera, u-Nikolai waduma. Isithombe sashintsha kancane ngo-1905. Iqiniso liwukuthi uRimsky-Korsakov waxoshwa esikhungweni semfundo futhi wafakwa kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "uhlu olumnyama". Lapho kuqala uguquko, umqambi wasekela abafundi abatelekile, okwabangela ukucasuka kweziphathimandla.
Imininingwane yokuphila komuntu siqu komqambi u-Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
U-Rimsky-Korsakov waphupha umndeni oqinile futhi onobungane konke ukuphila kwakhe komuntu omdala. Ngobunye ubusuku bokudala, wahlangana nomdlali wepiyano othakazelisayo uNadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold. Ezenzisa ngokusiza ekubhaleni omunye wemidlalo ewuchungechunge, wacela usizo kowesifazane.
Phakathi nomsebenzi omude wokwakhiwa kwe-opera, kwavela imizwa phakathi kwabantu abasha. Ngokushesha banquma ukushada. Kuzalwa izingane eziyisikhombisa emndenini. Ngokuphawulekayo, abaningi babo bafa beseyizinsana. Indodakazi encane, uSofia, yalandela ezinyathelweni zikayise. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, ubelokhu engumuntu wokudala. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uSofia Rimskaya-Korsakova waduma njengomculi we-opera.
Unkosikazi we-maestro waphila isikhathi eside kunomyeni wakhe ngeminyaka eyi-11. Owesifazane wabulawa yingxibongo. Ngemva kokuvukela umbuso, umndeni wakwaKorsakov waxoshwa ekhaya. Kwake kwaba khona abokufika lapho. Futhi kuphela ekuqaleni kwawo-1870 ekhulwini elidlule, iziphathimandla zakha imyuziyamu ngokuhlonipha umqambi.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi
- Njengengane eneminyaka emithathu ubudala, u-Nikolai usevele washaya amanothi ngokudlala isigubhu.
- Ngesinye isikhathi waxabana nomlobi uLeo Tolstoy. Ngenxa yalokho, uTolstoy wagxeka ukudalwa kwe-maestro, ethi noma yimuphi umculo uyingozi futhi awunangqondo.
- Wayekuthanda ukufunda. Eshalofini lakhe kwakukhona umtapo wezincwadi othakazelisayo wezincwadi zakudala zesiRashiya.
- Ngemva kokufa kwe-maestro, izikhumbuzo zakhe zanyatheliswa, lapho ekhuluma khona ngemisebenzi yakhe yokuqamba.
- "Umlobokazi We-Tsar" womqambi waseRussia wangena kuma-opera angu-100 athandwa kakhulu emhlabeni.
U-Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov: Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe
I-maestro yashona ngoJuni 8, 1908. Imbangela yokufa kwaba isifo senhliziyo. Ngemva kokuba umqambi ethole ukuthi i-opera ethi The Golden Cockerel yayivinjelwe ukuba idlalwe esiteji, wagula kungazelelwe. Ekuqaleni, isidumbu sangcwatshwa eSt. Kamuva, izinsalela zangcwatshwa kabusha kakade ku-"Masters of Arts Necropolis" ye-Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
