Ngemva kokuvuka ngosuku lwe-1987, endaweni engaphandle, isiqephu esikoleni esiphakeme futhi ngaphambi kwakho konke, umculi waseMelika u-nirvana, i-Lget yayisendleleni.
Kuze kube namuhla, umhlaba wonke ujabulela amahithi aleli qembu lehlelo laseMelika. Wayethandwa futhi ezondwa, kodwa akekho ongenandaba nomsebenzi wakhe.
I-Nirvana iqala
UKurt Cobain noKrist Novoselic, befunda esikoleni esiphakeme esifanayo, isikhathi eside ngenkani abazange baqaphele futhi baba abangane, beya eqenjini elifanayo lokuzilolonga Thevins.
UKurt Cobain (amazwi nesiginci) isikhathi eside wanxusa uKrist Novoselic (isiginci sebhesi) ukuthi asungule iqembu lakhe lomculo, kodwa ngenkani akavumanga.
Ngemva kweminyaka engu-3, kakade ngo-1987, uKristu wathanda ukuqoshwa kwengoma yokuqala kaKurt Cobain ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Fecal Matter", futhi yena ngokwakhe waphikelela ekudaleni iqembu.
Bathatha uBob McFedden njengomdlali wesigubhu, kodwa wayishiya iphrojekthi ngemva kwenyanga. Babe sebemema u-Aaron Burkhard (izigubhu), naye owashiya umsebenzi ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili.
Ngalesi sikhathi, bakwazi ukushintsha ngokushesha isigubhu, uDale Krover (izigubhu) waba yilungu elisha leqembu, futhi ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe, ithimba lagcina liqophe amademo okuqala. Kodwa nalo mshayi wesigubhu akahlalanga isikhathi eside - uDave Foster (izigubhu) washeshe wathatha indawo yakhe.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, iqembu alikwazanga ukunquma igama, futhi ekugcineni, ekuqaleni kuka-1988, abafana banikeza iqembu labo igama elithi "Nirvana".
UKurt Cobain wakhuluma ngalokho. ukuthi ngokuphambene nezimiso ezamukelwayo zamabhendi e-punk-rock ngaleso sikhathi, ukukhetha into engcolile nengcolile egameni leqembu, abafana bakhetha igama elihle, elinomusa leqembu labo.
Ukusebenza kokuqala kweqembu le-Nirvana kwenzeka ngo-March 1988. Akukadluli ngisho nezinyanga eziyisithupha, njengoba umshayi wezigubhu uChad Channing (izigubhu) ephinde washintsha eqenjini, kulokhu iminyaka emi-2.
Ingoma yokuqala esemthethweni yeqembu yayiyingoma ethi "Love Buzz / Big Cheese". Kakade ehlobo lika-1989, i-Nirvana, ekhiqizwe nguJack Endino, ikhiphe i-albhamu yayo yokuqala, i-Bleach, ngaphansi kwelebula le-Sub Pop.
Ibhendi ye-Nirvana
Kunjalo, uhlobo lomculo lwe-albhamu yokuqala lwathonywa i-The Melvins ne-Black Sabbath. Ukukhululwa kwe-albhamu yokuqala kulethe iqembu udumo lokuqala nokuthandwa eziteshini zomsakazo ezincane zasekolishi. Futhi naye, iqembu lomculo laya ohambweni lwaseMelika, licula emadolobheni angama-26.
Isici semidlalo ye-Nirvana sasiwuhlobo "lwesiko" - abafana ngemva kokuphela kwekhonsathi baphihliza imishini ukuze bashaye. Kamuva uKrist Novoselic uvumile ukuthi bakwenze lokhu ukuze basheshe baphume esiteji.
U-Kurt wabhala amagama nomculo wengoma ngayinye eyedwa. Oбычнo, нaигрывaя нa aкустичeскoй гитaрe, oн сoчинял, стрeмясь сoздaть симбиoз тяжёлoгo и лёгкoгo звучaний, нo всeгдa пoдчёркивaл, чтo нe любит, кoгдa eгo считaют eдинствeнным aвтoрoм, пoскoльку другиe учaстники кoллeктивa тaкжe игрaли вeсoмую рoль в принятии oтдeльных рeшeний oтнoситeльнo кaждoй кoмпoзиции.
Uxhase ukuqoshwa kwe-albhamu yokuqala uJason Everman, ogama lakhe laqoshwa esembozweni se-disc njengomdlali wesigingci, nakuba engakaze abe khona, kodwa ngaleyo ndlela u-Yata wayefuna ukukhombisa ukuzibandakanya kuka-Everman emsebenzini weqembu.
U-Kurt akazange afihle ukuthi izingoma zokuqala zeqembu zazidabukile futhi zibukhali. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izingoma zaba bushelelezi futhi pop, futhi umculi wajabula kakhudlwana. Iqembu lakhula kakhulu ezingoma zabo: baqala ukuphakamisa izingqikithi zothando nemizwa, izingxabano nezimo.
Ilogo yeqembu le-Nirvana
I-Nirvana: I-New Horizons
Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-90, eqala umsebenzi ku-albhamu entsha yesitudiyo, abafana baphinde baqala ukuxabana nomculi, kubonakala kubafana ukuthi uChad Channing wayengadonsi, futhi uChad ngokwakhe wayethukuthele ukuthi abalaleli futhi empeleni ayithinti inqubo.
Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthola ulimi oluvamile futhi umculi washiya iqembu, ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa umculi omusha uDale Krover wathatha indawo ngemuva kwezigubhu, futhi kamuva - uDan Peters. Kodwa kulokhu, isikhala somdlali wesigubhu asizange sivale, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, ngemva kokuzwa izingoma eziningana ezidlalwa nguDave Grohl, uKurt noKristo ngokushesha bamyisa eqenjini labo.
Futhi ngakho ukwakheka kokugcina okuyinhloko kweqembu leNirvana kwakhiwa.
Ngo-1990, abaculi basayina inkontileka nelebula entsha futhi baqala ukuqopha i-albhamu entsha ye-studio ebizwa ngokuthi "Nevermind". Eyokuqala ethi "Smells Like Teen Spirit" ephuma kule albhamu yavele yaduma, ngenxa yokusakazwa kwayo njalo esiteshini somculo se-MTV.
NgoJanuwari 1991, i-albhamu yesibili yeqembu ethi Nevermind yafinyelela inombolo yokuqala kumashadi e-Billboard, ishiya ngemuva idiski likaMichael Jackson.
UKurt Cobain: impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-February 1992, u-Kurt Cobain kanye no-Courtney Love (umholi weqembu lomculo we-indie-rock Hole) wangenela umshado osemthethweni futhi wamemezela ukuthi babelindele ingane ekwindla. Amahemuhemu aqala ukusabalala ukuthi abazali besikhathi esizayo bahlala ngokuqondile ku-heroin.
Futhi ikakhulukazi amahemuhemu aqina lapho ehlobo abafana bengazange bahambe ohambweni oluphelele lwaseMelika besekela i-albhamu yesibili, besho ukukhathala okuzwakalayo. Abafana badlale amakhonsathi ambalwa kuphela futhi benza eNgilandi emkhosini wokufunda.
U-Kurt Cobain wahlushwa izinhlungu zesisu ezimbi kakhulu, okwaqinisekiswa lapho, ngemva kwekhonsathi ngoJuni, egcina esibhedlela saseBelfast.
Noma kunjalo, amahemuhemu mayelana ne-heroin aqhubeka ebahlupha, futhi isihloko se-Vanity Fair saba yihlazo kakhulu, lapho, njengokungathi ngenhlanhla, kwathiwa u-Courtney okhulelwe wayesebenzisa i-hemp. Abazali besikhathi esizayo baphikelela bewaphika amahlebezi anjalo futhi baze basongela obala ngokuthi bazomjezisa umlobi walesi sihloko.
Ukuze adle 18 Agasti 1992, Paira kwaba Randed intombazane enempilo uFrancis bin Kobein, bafika eqinisweni lenkonzo yengane, eyayikhathele.
Lapho amahemuhemu eqala ukusabalala mayelana nempilo embi kaKurt, futhi nokuthi iqembu lizohlukana maduze, abafana banquma ukusebenzisa la mahemuhemu futhi ekusebenzeni kwabo okulandelayo bahlekisa: Ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa, umculi wasukuma wahlanganyela nabanye ababebambe iqhaza. Lokhu kwafudumeza izethameli. Iqembu elithandekayo lamukelwe ngenjabulo ngabalandeli futhi ihlaya likhuphule izinga lokusebenza kuphela.
UPat Smear (isiginci)
I-Nirvana: Umculo Futhi
Ukwenza i-albhamu entsha izwakale inesibindi, idelela futhi icishe ingacutshungulwa, abafana bamema umkhiqizi uSteve Albini, ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe i-albhamu yesithathu ethi "In Utero" yaqoshwa emasontweni amabili nje. Kodwa yayiluhlaza futhi ingakaqedwa. Abafana abazange bazithande zonke izingoma, babentula uhlobo oluthile lokuphelela, i-albhamu yabonakala ivilapha kakhulu futhi ingenawo amandla.
Umlutha Kurt Cobain
Ngalesi sikhathi, amahemuhemu nokuhleba kwakuphinde kukhase ku-Kurt Cobain. NgoMeyi 2, 1993, uKurt Cobain wasebenzisa ngokweqile i-heroin. Ngemva kwenyanga, u-Courtney wabizela amaphoyisa emzini oseSeattle ukuze akhiphe uKurt, owayevalelwe endlini yokugezela futhi esabisa ngokuzibulala.
Ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwe-albhamu ethi "In Utero" ngesikhathi seSemina Yomculo Entsha kaJulayi, eyayiseRoseland Ballroom eNew York, uKurt Cobain uphinde waba ne-overdose.
Ngaleso sikhathi, imibiko yaqala ukuvela njalo emaphephandabeni, kuhlanganise nesihloko ku-Newsweek ukuthi i-DCG yayingenelisekile nge-albhamu ekhishwe "In Utero" futhi isola iqembu le-Nirvana ngokwenza ngamabomu i-albhamu.
Kokubili i-studio neqembu bawaphika ngokuphelele amahlebezi anjalo. Ukuze kuqedwe okokugcina izingoma, kunqunywe ukuthi kuqanjwe kabusha okurekhodiwe nomdidiyeli we-REM uScott Litt.
Ekwindla ka-1993, i-albhamu yesithathu yeqembu le-Nirvana elithi "In Utero" yaqala futhi yathatha indawo yokuqala kumashadi we-Billboard 200, futhi ngemva kokukhululwa kwerekhodi, iqembu lahamba nohambo olukhulu lwase-United States, limema owesibili. isigingci uPater Smir.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1994, iqembu lavakashela eYurophu. Kodwa ngemva kwekhonsathi eyayiseMunich ngo-February 29, 1994, uCobain wagula esesimweni esibucayi watholakala ukuthi une-bronchitis ne-laryngitis, futhi umdlalo owawuhlelelwe usuku olulandelayo kwadingeka uhlehliswe. Kwakuyinguqulo yabezindaba.
Nokho, empeleni, konke kwakuhlukile: ngemva kwekhonsathi eMunich, uKurt wanquma ukuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa eRoma futhi aphumule no-Courtney. Kodwa ngoMashi 4, u-Courtney wavuka wathola ukuthi uKurt uzame ukuzibulala ngokudla ngokweqile ama-tranquilizer e-Rohypnol nokuphuza i-champagne ngemuva kokubhala inothi lokuzibulala.
Ngemva kwesonto elaliswe esibhedlela, uCobain wabuyela eSeattle, kodwa ingqondo yakhe yayingazinzile ngokwedlulele. Ngo-March 18, 1994, amaphoyisa aba nengxoxo noKurt, owasongela ukuzibulala ngokuzivalela ekamelweni ephethe isikhali.
UCourtney noNirvana bahlela ukwelashwa kabusha, babeka uKurt e-Exodus Recovery Center eLos Angeles ngoMashi 30. Nokho, ngo-April 1, uCobain weqa emtholampilo wabuyela eSeattle.
Ngo-April 4, unina wafaka isitatimende emaphoyiseni ngohlu lwabafunwayo. Futhi kakade ngo-April 8, 1994, uKurt Cobain watholwa eshonile endlini yakhe e-Seattle ngumuntu osebenza ngogesi owafika ezofaka i-alamu yokugqekeza. Ngokwenguqulo esemthethweni, lo mculi uzidubule ngesibhamu.
I-Nirvana iphukile
Isikhumbuzo sikaKurt Cobain e-Aberdeen Historical Museum
Abanye abaculi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile baqala ukwenza amaphrojekthi solo. Ngemva kokufa okudabukisayo kukaKurt Cobain, kwakhululwa ama-albhamu amaningana e-Nirvana, awokuqala avela ngoNovemba 1994. Emasontweni amabili kamuva, kwakhululwa iqoqo levidiyo lezinkulumo, eziningi zazo uKurt azikhethele yena.
UFrances Cobain noCourtney Love
Kusukela ngo-Agasti 1997, uKrist Novoselic noDave Grohl bebesebenza eqoqweni lamahithi angavamile kaNirvana futhi eminyakeni emi-4 kamuva bamemezela ukuthi iqoqo selilungile futhi lizokhishwa ekwindla iminyaka eyishumi ye-albhamu yesibili ye-Nirvana ethi "Neverminad. Kodwa ngaphambi nje kosuku lokukhululwa, umfelokazi kaCobain u-Courtney Love wafaka icala ngokumelene nabaculi ngezinsolo zokusebenzisa umsebenzi kaKurt ngokungemthetho futhi ngaleyo ndlela wathola ukuvinjelwa kweqoqo.
Ingxabano enkulu yaqubuka ngengoma ethi "Uyazi Ukuthi Uqinisile". U-Courtney wakubeka ngokusobala ukuthi lokhu kuqamba kukhishwe eqoqweni lamahithi eqembu. Icala lidonse isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, kodwa okwajabulisa abalandeli ukuthi amaqembu afinyelela esivumelwaneni futhi anquma ukushicilela iqoqo lezingoma ezishisa izikhotha, okuhlanganisa neculo elithi “You Know You’re Right” eliqanjwe kabusha ngokuthi “Nirvana ".
Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2, i-disc ekhethekile engavamile yakhululwa kanye nokuqoshwa kokuqala kukaKurt Cobain okuthiwa "With The Lights Out".
I-Courtney Love, enomlingisi ohlazisayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo i-streak yezamabhizinisi, entwasahlobo ka-2006 yanquma ukumthengisa izingoma ezingu-25% zeqembu le-Nirvana. Kuthengwe nguLarry Mestel.
Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, i-albhamu yokuqala ye-Nirvana yaphinde yakhishwa ku-CD, kanye naku-vinyl, iminyaka engu-3 yokukhululwa kokuqala, okuhlanganisa ukuqoshwa okungakakhishwa kwekhonsathi ePortland, okwenzeka ngoFebhuwari 20, 9. Minyaka yonke inani labalandeli beqembu lomculo elivele lingekho i-Nirvana liyakhula. Uhlelo lweminyaka yonke lwe-Nevermind lube yimpumelelo enkulu.
U-Krist Novoselic wazama ukudala amaqembu amasha, kodwa awazange abe nempumelelo enkulu. Ngo-2004, i-Novoselich yanyathelisa incwadi yokuphila, lapho, nokho, yabelana ngezinhlelo zayo zekusasa.
I-Nirvana I-Discography
Ama-albhamu e-studio:
1989 - "Bleach"
1991 - "Ungakhathazeki"
1993 - "Esibelethweni"
Кoнцertnykanyelbothina:
1994 - "MTV Unplugged eNew York"
1996 - "From the Muddy Banks of the Wishkah"
2009 - "Live at Reading"
2011 - "Live at the Paramount"
2013 - "Live and Loud (Nirvana)".
Sat.orniki:
1992 - "Incesticide"
2002 - "Nirvana (Amahithi Amakhulu)"
2004 - "With the Lights Out" (Ukuqoqwa kwamarekhodi angavamile)
2005 - "Sliver: The Best of the Box".
Izinyathelo-albothina:
1989 - "Blew"
1992 - "Hormoaning"
Iziqeshana:
"Kunuka njenge-Teen Spirit"
Zalisa
"Umuntu Othengisa Umhlaba"
"Uyazi ukuthi uqinisile"
"Ibhokisi Elimise Inhliziyo"
"Lithium"
"E-Bloom"
"Mayelana nentombazane"
