I-Public Enemy yabhala kabusha imithetho ye-hip-hop, yaba ngelinye lamaqembu omculo we-rap anethonya neliyimpikiswano ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980. Ebalalelini abaningi, bayiqembu le-rap elinethonya elikhulu kunawo wonke.
Ibhendi yasekela umculo wayo kumabhithi e-Run-DMC emgwaqweni kanye nemilolozelo ye-gangsta ye-Boogie Down Productions. Baphayona i-rap eqinile eyayinoguquko kwezomculo nepolitiki.
Umrepha ophambili u-Chuck D Izwi le-baritone elibonakalayo seliwuphawu lweqembu. Ezingomeni zabo leli qembu belithinta yonke inhlobo yezindaba zomphakathi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezithinta abamele abamnyama.
Emkhankasweni wokuqhakambisa umculo wabo, izindaba ezikhuluma ngezinkinga zabantu abamnyama emphakathini zaba wuphawu lwabarepha.
Ngenkathi ama-albhamu okuqala e-Public Enemy akhishwe ne-Bomb Squad abatholele indawo e-Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, abaculi baqhubekile nokukhipha izinto zabo ezingcwele kwaze kwaba ngu-2013.
Isitayela somculo weqembu
Ngokomculo, ibhendi yayiguqukile njengeBomb Squad yabo. Lapho beqopha izingoma, babevame ukusebenzisa amasampula abonakalayo, ukukhala kwama-siren, amabhithi anolaka.
Kwakunzima futhi umculo owakhayo owenziwa udakwe ngisho nangokwengeziwe amazwi kaChuck D.
Elinye ilungu leqembu, uFlavor Flav, waduma ngokubukeka kwakhe - izibuko zelanga ezihlekisayo kanye newashi elikhulu elilenga entanyeni yakhe.
U-Flavor Flav wayeyisiginesha yeqembu elibonakalayo, kodwa akuzange kususe ukunaka kwababukeli emculweni.
Ngesikhathi sokuqoshwa kwabo kokuqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1990, ibhendi yayivame ukuthola ukubuyekezwa okuxubile okuvela ezithamelini nakubagxeki ngenxa yesimo sabo esiqinile nezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu. Lokhu kwalithinta kakhulu leli qembu ngesikhathi i-albhamu yalo ethi It Takes a Nation of Millions to Us Back (1988) yenza leli qembu laduma.
Ngemuva kokuthi yonke le ngxabano ixazululwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-1990, futhi leli qembu lahlala phansi, kwacaca ukuthi i-Public Enemy kwakuyiqembu elinethonya nelinamandla kakhulu ngesikhathi salo.
Ukwakhiwa kweqembu Lezitha Zomphakathi
U-Chuck D (igama langempela uCarlton Riedenhur, owazalwa ngo-Agasti 1, 1960) wasungula Isitha Somphakathi ngo-1982 ngenkathi efunda i-graphic design e-Adelphi University eLong Island.
Wayengu-DJ esiteshini somsakazo sabafundi i-WBAU lapho ahlangana khona noHank Shockley noBill Stefney. Bobathathu babethanda i-hip hop nepolitiki, okwabenza baba ngabangane abakhulu.
U-Shockley waqoqa amademo e-hip hop, u-Ridenhur wenza ingoma yokuqala ye-Public Enemy's No. 1 yokuqala. Ngaleso sikhathi, waqala ukuvela ezinhlelweni zomsakazo ngaphansi kwegama mbumbulu elithi Chuckie D.
Umsunguli kanye nomdidiyeli we-Def Jam u-Rick Rubin wezwa ikhasethi le-Public Enemy No. 1 futhi ngokushesha waya ku-Chuck D, enethemba lokusayinela ibhendi inkontileka.
U-Chuck D wayemanqikanqika ukwenza kanjalo, kodwa wasungula umqondo weqembu le-hip hop eliguquguqukayo elalisekelwe kumabhithi adlulele nezindikimba zenguquko kwezenhlalo.
Ecela usizo lukaShockley (njengomdidiyeli) kanye noStefni (njengombhali wengoma), u-Chuck D wasungula iqembu lakhe. Ngaphezu kwalaba bafana abathathu, ithimba liphinde lahlanganisa u-DJ Terminator X (uNorman Lee Rogers, owazalwa ngo-Agasti 25, 1966) noRichard Griffin (uProfessor Griff) - umdwebi wezingoma zeqembu.
Ngemva kwesikhashana, u-Chuck D wacela umngane wakhe omdala uWilliam Drayton ukuthi ajoyine iqembu njenge-rapper yesibili. UDrayton uqhamuke ne-alter ego Flavour Flav.
UFlavour Flav, oseqenjini, ubeyinhlekisa yasenkantolo ebijabulisa izethameli ngesikhathi ecula izingoma zikaChuck D.
Ukufakwa kokuqala kweqembu
I-albhamu yokuqala ye-Public Enemy Yo! IBum Rush the Show yakhululwa yiDef Jam Records ngo-1987. Amabhithi anamandla nokuphimisela okuhle kuka-Chuck D kwathakaselwa kakhulu abagxeki be-hip-hop nabalaleli abajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, irekhodi alizange lidume kakhulu kangangokuthi lingena kunhlangano evamile.
Kodwa-ke, i-albhamu yabo yesibili ethi It Takes a Nation of Millions to Us Back kwakungenakwenzeka ukuziba. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-Shockley, ithimba elikhiqizayo le-Public Enemy's (PE), i-Bomb Squad, lithuthukise umsindo oyingqayizivele webhendi ngokuhlanganisa izici ezithile ze-funk ezingomeni. Ukufunda kuka-Chuck D sekuthuthukile futhi ukubonakala kwesiteji sika-Flavour Flav sekuyahlekisa kakhulu.
Abagxeki be-rap nabagxeki be-rock bathi Kuthatha Isizwe Sezigidi Ukuze Usibambe Irekhodi lenguquko, futhi i-hip-hop ngokungalindelekile yaba umfutho woshintsho olwengeziwe emphakathini.
Ukuphikisana emsebenzini weqembu
Njengoba iqembu iPublic Enemy liduma kakhulu, umsebenzi walo wagxekwa. Esitatimendeni esinedumela elibi, uChuck D uthe i-rap “iyi-CNN emnyama” (inkampani kamabonakude yaseMelika) ekhuluma ngokwenzeka ezweni, nasemhlabeni, ngendlela abezindaba abangeke bayisho.
Izingoma zeqembu ngokwemvelo zaba nencazelo entsha, futhi abagxeki abaningi abazange bajabule ngokuthi umholi we-Muslim omnyama u-Louis Farrakhan ugunyaze ingoma yeqembu ethi Bring the Noise.
Fight the Power, ingoma yefilimu ka-Spike Lee eyindida yango-1989 ethi Do the Right Thing, nayo yabangela isiphithiphithi "ngokuhlaselwa" kuka-Elvis Presley no-John Wayne abadumile.
Kodwa le ndaba yalibaleka ngenxa yenhlolokhono yeThe Washington Times lapho uGriffin ekhuluma ngezimo zengqondo ezimelene namaSemite. Amazwi akhe okuthi “amaJuda yiwo abangela izenzo eziningi zonya ezenzeka emhlabeni wonke” ahlangatshezwa ukushaqeka nokucasuka okuvela emphakathini.
Abagxeki abamhlophe, abake bancoma iqembu phambilini, babengemuhle kakhulu. Ebhekene nenkinga enkulu kwezobuciko, u-Chuck D wema. Okokuqala, waxosha uGriffin, wabe esebuya naye, wabe esenquma ukulihlakaza ngokuphelele iqembu.
UGriff unikeze enye inhlolokhono lapho akhulume kabi ngoChuck D, okuholele ekutheni ashiye iqembu okokugcina.
I-albhamu entsha - izinkinga ezindala
I-Public Enemy yachitha unyaka wonke ka-1989 ilungiselela i-albhamu yayo yesithathu. Ukhiphe i-albhamu ethi Welcome to the Terrordome njengengoma yakhe yokuqala ekuqaleni kuka-1990.
Nakulokhu, ingoma eshisa izikhotha yavusa impikiswano engapheli ngamazwi ayo. Umugqa othi "namanje bangithola njengoJesu" wawubizwa ngokuthi ama-anti-Semitic.
Naphezu kwakho konke ukuphikisana, entwasahlobo ka-1990, i-Fear of a Black Planet yathola ukubuyekezwa okujabulisayo. Izingoma ezimbalwa, okuyi-911 Is a Joke, iBrothers Gonna Work It Out kanye nethi Can, zenze izingoma ezihamba phambili ezingu-10 ze-pop. I-Can't Do Nuttin' ye-Ya Man yayiyingoma ehamba phambili engu-40 ye-R&B.
I-albhamu ye-Apocalypse 91… Isitha Sigadla Ngomnyama
Ku-albhamu yabo elandelayo, i-Apocalypse 91... I-Enemy Strikes Black (1991), ibhendi eyaqoshwa kabusha ethi Bring the Noise with thrash metal Anthrax.
Lolu bekuwuphawu lokuqala lokuthi leli qembu belizama ukuhlanganisa abalaleli balo abamhlophe. I-albhamu yahlangatshezwa nezibuyekezo ezinhle kakhulu ekukhishweni kwayo kokuwa.
Iqale kuNombolo 4 kumashadi e-pop, kodwa I-Public Enemy yaqala ukulahlekelwa ukubamba ngo-1992 ngenkathi ivakasha futhi uFlavour Flav ehlala engena enkingeni yezomthetho.
Ekwindla ka-1992, ibhendi yakhipha inhlanganisela ye-Greatest Misss remix njengomzamo wokulondoloza ukusebenza kahle komculo, kodwa yahlangatshezwa nokubuyekezwa okungekuhle kwabagxeki.
Ngemva kwekhefu
Ibhendi yahamba ikhefu ngo-1993 ngenkathi uFlavor Flav enqoba umlutha wezidakamizwa.
Lapho sibuya ehlobo lika-1994 nomsebenzi we-Muse Sick-n-Hour Mess Age, leli qembu laphinde lagxekwa kakhulu. Izibuyekezo ezingezinhle zishicilelwe ku-Rolling Stone kanye ne-The Source, okuthinte kakhulu umbono we-albhamu iyonke.
I-albhamu ethi Muse Sick iqale ngo-No. 14 kodwa yehluleka ukukhiqiza ingoma eyodwa. U-Chuck D ushiye i-Public Enemy ngenkathi esohambweni ngo-1995 njengoba enqamula ubudlelwano nelebula le-Def Jam. Wazakhela eyakhe ilebula nenkampani yokushicilela ukuze azame ukuphinda acabange umsebenzi weqembu.
Ngo-1996, wakhipha i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala ethi, The Autobiography of Mistachuck. UChuck D udalule ukuthi uhlela ukuqopha i-albhamu entsha naleli qembu ngonyaka ozayo.
Ngaphambi kokuthi kukhishwe irekhodi, u-Chuck D wahlanganisa iBomb Squad futhi waqala umsebenzi kuma-albhamu ambalwa.
Entwasahlobo ka-1998, i-Public Enemy yabuyela ekubhaleni izingoma zomsindo. I-He Got Game ayizange izwakale njengengoma, kodwa njenge-albhamu yobude obugcwele.
Ngendlela, umsebenzi wawubhalelwe wonke u-Spike Lee ofanayo. Lapho ikhululwa ngo-April 1998, i-albhamu yathola ukubuyekezwa okuhle kakhulu. Lezo kwakuyizibuyekezo ezinhle kakhulu kusukela ku-Apocalypse 91… I-Enemy Strikes Black.
Ilebuli ye-Def Jam yenqabile ukusiza u-Chuck D ukuletha umculo kumlaleli nge-inthanethi, lo mrepha usayine inkontileka nenkampani ezimele yenethiwekhi i-Atomic Pop. Ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwe-albhamu yesikhombisa yeqembu, Kukhona I-Poison Goin' On..., ilebula yenza amafayela e-MP3 erekhodi ukuthi athunyelwe ku-inthanethi. Futhi i-albhamu yavela ezitolo ngoJulayi 1999.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-2000 kuze kube manje
Ngemuva kwekhefu leminyaka emithathu ekuqopheni nasekuthutheleleni kulebula ethi In Paint, leli qembu likhiphe i-Revolverlution. Bekuyinhlanganisela yamathrekhi amasha, ama-remix namakhonsathi abukhoma.
I-CD/DVD combo ethi It Takes a Nation yavela ngo-2005. Iphakheji ye-multimedia ibiqukethe ividiyo yekhonsathi yeqembu eyathatha ihora lonke eLondon ngo-1987 kanye ne-CD enezingxube ezingavamile.
I-albhamu yesitudiyo i-New Whirl Odor nayo yakhululwa ngo-2005. Icwecwe elithi, Rebirth of the Nation, elinawo wonke amazwi abhalwe yilo mrepha wase-Bay Area Paris, bekumele liphume naye, kodwa kwaze kwaba ngasekuqaleni konyaka ozayo.
I-Public Enemy yabe ingena esigabeni esithule kancane, okungenani ngokwemibandela yokuqoshwa, ikhipha kuphela i-remix yango-2011 kanye ne-rarities compilation Beats and Places.
Ibhendi yabuya ngo-2012 ngempumelelo enkulu, yakhipha ama-albhamu amabili amasha anobude obugcwele: Iningi Lamaqhawe Ami Alikabonakali Ngaphandle Kwesitembu kanye ne-Evil Empire Of Everything.
I-Public Enemy nayo yajikeleza kabanzi phakathi kuka-2012 no-2013. I-albhamu yabo yesibili neyesithathu iphinde yakhishwa ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ehlobo lika-2015, ibhendi yakhipha i-albhamu yayo yesi-13, ethi, Man Plan God Laughs. Ngo-2017, i-Public Enemy yagubha iminyaka engu-30 ye-albhamu yabo yokuqala ethi Nothing Is Quick in the Desert.
