URichard Wagner ungumbungazi ovelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaningi badidekile ngokungaqondakali kwe-maestro. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayengumqambi odumile novelele owabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni umculo womhlaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-biography yakhe yayimnyama futhi ingemnandi kangako.
Imibono kaWagner yezombangazwe yayiphambene nemithetho yesintu. Izingoma ze-maestro zazithandwa kakhulu yizazi ze-ideologists zaseJalimane lamaNazi. Kwabaningi, uRichard usephenduke uphawu lwesizwe. Wayemelene kakhulu namaJuda.
Umculi wethula ingoma ende nezindaba ezimangalisayo kuyi-opera. Ifa elicebile likaWagner alikhuthazi kuphela abalandeli bomculo we-classical, kodwa futhi nabaculi be-rock besimanje nababhali.
Ubuntwana nentsha
I-maestro edumile yazalwa ngoMeyi 22, 1813 endaweni yaseLeipzig enemibala. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngaleso sikhathi, abazali base bekhulisa izingane ezingu-XNUMX.
Ngemva kokuzalwa kukaRichard, usizi lwenzeka emndenini. Iqiniso liwukuthi inhloko yomkhaya yabulawa yi-typhus. Izingane zabhekana nokulahlekelwa uyise ngokomzwelo okukhulu, okungenakushiwo ngonina. Kwakukhona amahemuhemu okuthi uRichard akazalwanga kumyeni osemthethweni, kodwa kumuntu omthandayo, ogama lakhe linguLudwig Geyer.
Ezinyangeni ezintathu ngemva kokufa kwakhe, lo mfelokazi washada noGeyer, futhi wathatha izingane. U-Ludwig wachitha isikhathi esiningi ekhulisa indodana yakhe yokutholwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nguye owathonya ukwakheka kokunambitheka kwakhe komculo. Wasekela uRichard ekukhetheni umsebenzi.
Kuze kube yilapho esemusha, u-Wagner wayefunda eSikoleni saseSt. Thomas. Kwakungesinye sezikhungo zosizo ezindala kakhulu edolobheni elincane. Ngeshwa, bathola ulwazi oluncane lapho, okwamcasula kancane uWagner.
Khona-ke uRichard waqaphela ukuthi ulwazi ayelutholile lwalunganele ukubhala izingoma zomculo. Osemusha wathatha izifundo kuTheodor Weinlig. Ngo-1831, wangena esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme edolobheni lakubo.
Indlela yokudala yomqambi uRichard Wagner
I-maestro edumile yayinama-opera angu-14. Iningi lezinto ezidaliwe seziphenduke ezakudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waqamba izingoma ezincane ezihlanganisa ama-libretto ama-opera. Imisebenzi kaWagner ayikwazi ukudideka nezinye izingcweti zangaleso sikhathi. Wabhala ama-pathos kanye nezingoma ezidumile.
Umphakathi otusayo wayibona ngokufudumele imisebenzi yokuqala kaWagner, ngaleyo ndlela ukhokhisa umqambi amandla adingekayo. URichard wakha futhi wathuthukisa amakhono akhe omculo. Wayengowokuqala futhi engenakulingisa.
I-Flying Dutchman ingumsebenzi oveze ukuvuthwa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-maestro. Ekuqanjweni kwayo, umbhali uyidlulisele kahle indaba yomkhumbi oyisipoki. Umsebenzi olandelayo okhaliphile othi "Tannhäuser" utshele izethameli ngendaba yothando edabukisayo.
I-"Tristan ne-Isolde" ingenye isibonakaliso sobuhlakani. Lona uphethe irekhodi lesikhathi sezinombolo ngazinye. URichard wakwazi ukutshela ngobuhlakani ubuhlobo babathandi ababili ngokusebenzisa i-prism yomculo.
Umculi udale indaba ngeRing of Power eminyakeni eyi-100 ngaphambi kuka-J. R. R. Tolkien. Umjikelezo othi "Ring of the Nibelung" ubhekiselwa abaningi kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "inkathi yegolide" yomsebenzi we-maestro. Ku-opera yesibili yomjikelezo we-Valkyrie, abalandeli bangezwa elinye igugu le-repertoire yomqambi, i-Ride of the Valkyries.
Impilo yomuntu siqu ka-maestro uRichard Wagner
UWagner wayengenabo ubuhle noma ubukhazikhazi. Naphezu kwalokhu, wayefunwa phakathi kobulili obuhle. I-maestro yayinabesifazane abaningi. Wayekwazi ukuyolala nomuntu angamazi, ngoba wayenegunya emphakathini. Empilweni kaRichard kwakukhona ubudlelwano obunzima.
Unkosikazi wokuqala womqambi odumile wayebizwa ngokuthi uMinna Planer. Abaningi babengaqondi ngobuqotho ukuthi kungani owesifazane ekhetha indoda enjalo. Wayemuhle, ecebile futhi ekhuliswe kahle. UMinna wayesebenza njengomdlali we-actress, ngakho wayevame ukuvakasha. Naphezu kwalokhu, wakwazi ukwakha isidleke somkhaya esifudumele.
Konke kwaphenduka kwabheka phansi ngemva kokuvukela umbuso ngo-1849. Khona-ke u-maestro nomkakhe baphoqeleka ukuba balishiye idolobha lakubo. Bathuthela eZurich. Lapho, wahlangana nesithandwa esisha, uMatilda Wesendonck. UNobuhle osemncane wayeshadile. Yena, kanye nomyeni wakhe, babewuthanda umsebenzi kaWagner. Ngokushesha umyeni wakhe u-Otto wanika uRichard indlu encane eduze kwendlu yakhe.
Kwaba ukujwayelana kwakhe noMatilda okwamkhuthaza ukuba abhale izingoma ezithi "Siegfried" kanye "Tristan". Intombazane nayo yayihlotshaniswa nokudala. Ubhale izinkondlo nephrozi. Akunakushiwo ngokuqinisekile ukuthi kwakukhona ubuhlobo obuseduze phakathi kukaMatilda noRichard. Kodwa ababhali abaningi be-biographer basathanda lo mbono.
Indaba engajwayelekile
Ngo-1864, waba nemizwa efudumele kaCosima von Bulova. Inkosi yaseBavaria uLudwig II wayengumlandeli omkhulu we-maestro edumile. Umbusi wamthembisa ukuthi uzovakashela eMunich, futhi wavuma. Inkosi yayikhokhela zonke izinhlelo zomqambi.
URichard wamema umbhidisi uHans von Bülow ku-orchestra yakhe. UmkaHans wathatha isikhundla sikanobhala we-maestro. Kusungulwe ukukhanga phakathi kukaRichard noCosima. Ngokuyimfihlo kumyeni osemthethweni, abathandi bahlangana. Ngokushesha u-Hans von Bülow walususa ohlwini lolo thando oluyimfihlo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umngane womshado osemthethweni akazange enze isigcawu somona. Wabhala isijeziso enkosini, eyanquma ukuchashaza "e". Isikhundla se-maestro, okokuqala, sabhebhezelwa ukuthi uhulumeni uxhase umsebenzi wakhe wokudala, futhi eBavaria kwabusa ukuziphatha kwamaKatolika. Inkosi yayala ukuba lo mbhangqwana uxoshelwe endaweni yaseSwitzerland.
Eminyakeni engu-7 kuphela kamuva, uWagner noCosima bathola isehlukaniso esisemthethweni emishadweni yangaphambili. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umndeni wabo uye waba mkhulu. Owesifazane wazala amadodakazi adumile angama-maestro. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uMinna Wagner wabulawa isifo senhliziyo. Futhi uLudwig wanquma ukuphikisa isinqumo sakhe futhi wamemela uRichard enkantolo.
Ngo-1870, umshado kaCosima nomqambi wenziwa. Wazinikela ku-maestro futhi wayengumnyuziyamu wakhe. Bakha ishashalazi eBayreuth. Ngaso leso sikhathi, lo mbhangqwana waqala ukusebenza ekukhiqizeni kwabo kokuqala kwe-Ring of the Nibelung.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi
- UWagner wazibonakalisa njengomlobi. Wabhala inqwaba yezingoma zefilosofi.
- Iningi lemisebenzi yakhe yayisekelwe ezakhiweni zezinganekwane nezinsumansumane.
- Umqambi wahlela izingoma eziningi ezimelene namaSemite futhi wenza nezincwadi.
- Uthathe umsebenzi wakhe njengenye yezindlela zokutshela umphakathi ngemibono yakhe yefilosofi.
URichard Wagner: Iminyaka Yokugcina Yempilo Yakhe
Ngo-1882 umqambi wathuthela endaweni yaseVenice. Kwakuyisinyathelo esidingekayo. Impilo ye-maestro yawohloka kakhulu, ngakho odokotela batusa ukushintsha indawo yakhe yokuhlala. Ngemva konyaka, kwaziwa ukuthi uRichard ushonile. Imbangela yokufa kwaba isifo senhliziyo.
