U-Rita Moreno ungumculi odumile owaziwa emhlabeni waseHollywood, ePuerto Rican ngemvelaphi. Usaqhubeka nokuba ngumuntu obalulekile ebhizinisini lokubonisa, naphezu kokukhula kwakhe.
Unemiklomelo eminingi ehlonishwayo ngesikweletu sakhe, okuhlanganisa ngisho neGolden Globe Award kanye ne-Oscar Award, edutshulwa yibo bonke osaziwayo. Kodwa yayiyini indlela yalo wesifazane eya empumelelweni?
Ubuntwana kanye nokuqala kwendlela kaRita Moreno eya empumelelweni
Usaziwayo esizayo wazalwa ngo-December 11, 1931 edolobheni elincane Puerto Rican Humacao. Uyise wayengumlimi futhi egcina ikhaya elikhulu, futhi unina wakhetha umsebenzi womthungi. Abazali banikeza intombazane esanda kuzalwa igama elithi Rosita Dolores Alverio.
Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, bazala indodakazi nomfowabo omncane, kodwa ubuhlobo bomkhaya abuzange buphumelele. Isehlukaniso salandela lapho uRita eneminyaka engu-5 kuphela ubudala.
Umfowabo wentombazane wahlala noyise, futhi unina wanquma ukuthatha indodakazi yakhe futhi bathuthela eNew York. EMelika, uRita waphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, wabe esethola imfundo ephakeme futhi waqala ukusebenza kwelinye lamathiyetha wendawo.
Ngokufanayo, inkanyezi yesikhathi esizayo yayidansa, futhi uthisha wakhe wayengumculi we-choreographer odumile uPaco Canzino.
Esemusha oneminyaka engu-11 ubudala, uRita waba nengxenye ekuhumusheni amafilimu aseMelika eSpanishi. Kodwa endleleni eya udumo, kwadingeka abhekane nezinkinga eziningi. Ekuqaleni, uRita wayephathiswe izindima ezincane kuphela kumafilimu.
Ngo-1944, wanikezwa enye yezindima ku-Broadway. Ngaleso sikhathi, intombazane yayineminyaka engu-13 kuphela ubudala. Naphezu kwaleli qiniso, wabonisa ithalenta lakhe ngokugcwele. Lokhu kwaqashelwa ngaso leso sikhathi abaqondisi baseHollywood futhi kwathakaselwa izethameli.
Phakathi kwemidlalo edume kakhulu ngokubamba iqhaza kuka-Moreno kukhona "i-Ritz" ne-"Gantry". Ngokubamba iqhaza kokugcina, waqokelwa umklomelo weTony Theatre. Futhi ngo-1985, Rita waklonyeliswa Sarah Siddons Award ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe empilweni yaseshashalazini Chicago.
Ukuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe
Ngemva kokubamba iqhaza emikhiqizweni eminingi yaseshashalazini, le ntombazane yaqashelwa futhi yamenywa ukuba idlale efilimini i-New Orleans Darling kanye neSinging in the Rain.
Izindima zazincane, kodwa zazibaluleke kakhulu kuRita ekuqaleni kohambo lwakhe. Ngenxa yabo, waqala "ukwenyusa isitebhisi somsebenzi" ngezinyathelo ezisheshayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubamba iqhaza kumafilimu, uRita akazange ayeke umsebenzi wakhe ku-Broadway. Wajabulela ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwezilaleli, futhi ngokushesha baqala ukumethemba ngezindima eziyinhloko emikhiqizweni yaseshashalazini.
Ngokushesha waba yilungu lochungechunge lwezingane lwe-TV ethi The Electric Company, futhi wabamba iqhaza ezinkathini eziningi zephrojekthi yePrison of Oz. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuphrojekthi yokuqala, intombazane ayidlalanga eyodwa, kodwa izinhlamvu eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.
UMoreno uthole imiklomelo eminingi ebalulekile emhlabeni webhizinisi lombukiso. Njengamanje, nguyena kuphela omele ubulili obubuthakathaka owakwazi ukuwina zonke imiklomelo emkhakheni we-cinema nemidlalo yaseshashalazini.
Umabonakude kanye nomkhakha womculo akukatholakali. Uphinde waklonyeliswa ngendondo ye-US Medal of Freedom ngeqhaza lakhe ekuthuthukiseni isiko laseMelika.
Ukuqashelwa komlingisi
U-Rita akazange ahlupheke ngenxa yokuntuleka komsebenzi. Ubehlala ethola iziphakamiso zokuqopha ifilimu. Yiqiniso, ngokuvamile emsebenzini wakhe kwakukhona izindima ezincane, futhi i-stereotype yezinhlelo eziningi ze-movie yayiseduze nenani eliphakeme.
Eqinisweni, abaqondisi abaningi bamema u-Rita ukuba ahlanganise indima yempilo yabesifazane baseSpain. Nokho kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Kanye no-Yul Brynner, intombazane yadlala ifilimu ethi "Inkosi kanye nami", ngenxa yalokho yaduma emhlabeni wonke. Abagxeki nezithameli zazijabule.
Futhi ngo-1961, ngomculo we-West Side Story, u-Rita wathola i-Oscar okwakukade ilindelwe. Wazibonakalisa ngokuphelele futhi wazuza izigidi zezinhliziyo zezibukeli.
Ngeshwa, ngemva kwalokho, ububanzi bezindima zakhe, ngeshwa, akuzange kukhule, futhi ngokuyisisekelo intombazane yamenywa kumafilimu mayelana nezigelekeqe, naphezu kokuba khona kwe-Oscar.
Lokhu kuholele ekutheni uMoreno athathe ikhefu ashiye ifilimu. Kwathatha iminyaka engu-7, futhi ukubuya kwenzeka ukuba iqhaza ifilimu "The Night of the Next Day" kanye noMarlon Brando. Ama-movie alandelwe: uPoppy, uMarlowe, ama-Four Seasons kanye ne-The Ritz.
U-Rita uphinde waphathiswa indima ochungechungeni lwethelevishini i-Rockford Files, lapho aklonyeliswa khona ngendondo ye-Emmy. Bese kuba khona amafilimu amaningana nochungechunge olwaluthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezilaleli.
Ukuphila komuntu siqu
Ngokusho komdlali we-actress, ngawo-1950 wahlangana noMarlon Brando, futhi lobu buhlobo bathatha iminyaka engu-8. Kwakukhona ngisho nokukhulelwa, kodwa okhethiwe waphikelela ekukhipheni isisu.
U-Rita waze wazama ukuzibulala futhi wagwinya amaphilisi, kodwa odokotela bakwazi ukusindisa ukuphila kosaziwayo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kwaba nokuthandana no-Elvis Presley no-Anthony Quinn, kwase kuthi uMoreno waba unkosikazi kadokotela ohlinzayo wenhliziyo odumile uLeonard Gordon. Lesi senzakalo senzeka ngo-1965. Lo mbhangqwana wawunendodakazi, uFernanda. Le nyunyana ayikakahlakazwa kuze kube yimanje.
Indodakazi yanikeza lo mbhangqwana abazukulu ababili. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, u-Rita waqala ukukhathazeka hhayi ngezindima eziyinhloko e-cinema, kodwa ngomndeni nokunakekela abathandekayo. Naphezu kwalokhu, uyaqhubeka nokuvela kuthelevishini futhi ujabulisa abalandeli!
