Nakuba amaKinks ayengenaso isibindi njengamaBeatles noma ethandwa njengeRolling Stones noma i-Who, ayengelinye lamaqembu anethonya elikhulu eBritish Invasion.
Njengamabhendi amaningi enkathi yawo, amaKinks aqale njengebhendi ye-R&B neblues. Phakathi neminyaka emine, leli qembu laba yiqembu lesiNgisi elihlala njalo kunabo bonke ababephila ngesikhathi sabo.
История Tyena amagwababa
Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wabo omude nohlukahlukene, okuphambili kweThe Kinks kube nguRay (owazalwa zingama-21 kuJuni 1944) noDave Davies (owazalwa zi-3 kuFebhuwari 1947), abazalelwa futhi bakhulela eMuswell Hill, eLondon. Lapho besanda kweva eshumini nambili, abazalwane baqala ukudlala i-skiffle ne-rock and roll.
Ngokushesha baqasha umfundi kaRay uPeter Quaife ukuba adlale nabo. Njengabazalwane bakwaDavis, uQuaife wayedlala isiginci kodwa kamuva washintshela kuma-bass.
Ngehlobo lango-1963, iqembu lase linqume ukuzibiza ngamaRavens futhi laqasha isigubhu esisha, uMickey Willet.
Ekugcineni, itheyiphu yabo yedemo yaphelela ezandleni zikaShel Talmy, umkhiqizi wamarekhodi waseMelika owayenenkontileka nePye Records. UTalmy usize iqembu ukuthi lithole inkontileka noPye ngo-1964.
Ngaphambi kokusayina ilebula, iRavens ikhiphe uWillet yafaka isigubhu uMick Ivory.
Okokuqala kusebenza ama-kinks
AmaRavens aqopha ingoma yawo yokuqala, isembozo sika-Little Richard's "Long Tall Sally" ngoJanuwari 1964.
Ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwengoma eyodwa, leli qembu lashintsha igama lalo laba yiKinks.
"Long Tall Sally" yakhululwa ngoFebhuwari 1964 futhi yehluleka ukushadi, njengoba kwenza ingoma yabo yesibili ethi "You Still Want Me".
Ingoma yesithathu yeqembu ethi "You Really Got Me" iphumelele kakhulu futhi inamandla, yafinyelela ku-Top 1964. I-"All Day and All of the Night", ingoma yesine yeqembu, yakhululwa ngasekupheleni kuka-XNUMX futhi yakhuphukela endaweni yesibili futhi yafinyelela inani eliphakeme kwelesikhombisa eMelika.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ibhendi iphinde yakhipha ama-albhamu amabili anobude obugcwele nama-EP amaningana.
Ukuvinjelwa kokusebenza kwe-U.S
Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ibhendi ibiqopha ngendlela exakile, ibiphinde ivakashele njalo, okudale ukushuba kwesimo eqenjini.
Ekupheleni kohambo lwabo lwaseMelika lwango-1965 ehlobo, uhulumeni wase-US walivala leli qembu ukuthi libuyele e-United States ngezizathu ezingaziwa.
Kwaphela iminyaka emine, abakwaKinks bengakwazi ukungena e-United States. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi iqembu alizange linqatshelwe kuphela ukufinyelela emakethe yomculo enkulukazi emhlabeni, kodwa futhi linqanyuliwe kwezinye zezinguquko zezenhlalo nezomculo ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s.
Ngakho-ke, ukubhalwa kwengoma kaRay Davies kwaba yinto eqalayo futhi engathandeki, yethembela kakhulu emathonyeni acacile omculo wesiNgisi njengehholo lomculo, izwe kanye nesiNgisi kunabanye abantu besikhathi sakhe saseBrithani. I-albhamu elandelayo evela ku-The Kinks,
"I-Kink Kontroversy" ibonise inqubekelaphambili yokubhala ingoma ka-Davis.
«libalele ntambama" и "I-Waterloo Sunset"
Ingoma eyodwa ethi "Sunny Afternoon" yayingenye yemidlalo ehlekisayo ka-Davis, futhi ingoma yaba ingoma enkulu kunazo zonke ehlobo lika-1966 e-UK, yafinyelela inombolo yokuqala.
"Sunny Afternoon" bekuyi-teaser yokweqa okukhulu kweqembu, i-Face to Face, eyayihlanganisa izitayela zomculo ezihlukahlukene.
NgoMeyi 1967 babuyela esiteji ne-"Waterloo Sunset", i-ballad eyashaya u-No. 1967 e-UK entwasahlobo ka-XNUMX.
ukwehla ekudumeni
Ikhishwe ekwindla ka-1967, okuthi Something Else by Kinks ibonise inqubekelaphambili yeqembu kusukela Ubuso Nobuso.
Naphezu kokukhula kwabo komculo, ukushadiswa kwezingoma zabo ezingashadile kwehle kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokukhishwa okungagculisi kwe-"Something Else by Kinks", ibhendi ikhiphe ingoma entsha, "Autumn Almanac", eyaba ngenye yamahithi amakhulu e-UK.
Ikhishwe entwasahlobo ka-1968, i-"Wonderboy" kwaba eyokuqala yeqembu ukuthi ingashayi abayishumi abahamba phambili kusukela ethi "You Really Got Me".
Ngandlela-thile abaculi basilungisa lesi simo ngokukhululwa kwe-"Days", kodwa ukwehla kwezentengiselwano kweqembu kwabonakala ngenxa yokuntuleka kwempumelelo ye-albhamu yabo elandelayo.
Ikhishwe ekwindla ka-1968, i-Village Green Preservation Society yaba isiphetho sokuthambekela okungathandeki kukaRay Davies. Yize i-albhamu ingaphumelelanga, yamukelwe kahle ngabagxeki, ikakhulukazi e-US.
Ukuhamba kukaPeter Kвayife
Ngokushesha uPeter Kweife wakhathala ukwehluleka kweqembu futhi walishiya iqembu ekupheleni konyaka. Esikhundleni sakhe kwathathwa uJohn Dalton.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1969, ukuvinjelwa kwaseMelika kumaKinks kwasuswa, kwashiya ibhendi ukuthi ivakashele e-US okokuqala ngqa eminyakeni emine.
Ngaphambi kokuqala uhambo, abakwaKinks bakhiphe i-albhamu ethi "Arthur (Noma Ukwehla Nokuwa koMbuso WaseBrithani)". Njengabanduleli bayo ababili, i-albhamu yayiqukethe izingqikithi zomculo zaseBrithani ezicacile.
Ngesikhathi abaculi besaculela i-albhamu elandelanayo, banqume ukwandisa uhlu lwabo ukuze bafake nomculi we-keyboard uJohn Gosling.
Ukubonakala kokuqala kukaGosling ekurekhodweni kweKinks kwakusengomeni ethi "Lola". Ngesisekelo se-rock esiqinile kunezingoma zabo ezimbalwa zokugcina, i-"Lola" ifinyelele kweziyishumi eziphezulu e-UK nase-US, ekhishwe ekwindla ka-1970.
"Lola Versus the Powerman and Moneygoround, Pt. 1" kwakuyirekhodi labo eliphumelele kakhulu kusukela maphakathi nawo-60s e-US nase-UK.
Inkontileka ne RCA
Inkontileka yabo nePye/Reprise yaphela ekuqaleni kuka-1971, ishiya amaKinks nethuba lokuthola irekhodi elisha.
Ekupheleni kuka-1971, abakwaKinks base bethole isivumelwano sama-albhamu amahlanu neRCA Records, ebazuzela kusengaphambili isigidi samadola.
Ikhishwe ngasekupheleni kuka-1971, i-Muswell Hillbillies, i-albhamu yokuqala ye-RCA yeqembu, iphawule ukubuya kwe-nostalgia yomsindo we-Kinks ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-'60s, kuphela ngamathonya amaningi ezwe nehholo lomculo.
I-albhamu bekungeyona into edayiswa kakhulu u-RCA ebeyilindele.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-"Muswell Hillbillies", i-Reprise yakhipha inhlanganisela yama-albhamu amabili ebizwa ngokuthi "The Kink Kronikles", eyedlula i-albhamu yabo yokuqala ye-RCA.
Wonke umuntu oseShowbiz (1973), isethi yama-LP amabili ehlanganisa i-albhamu eyodwa yamathrekhi e-studio kanye nenye yamaculo abukhoma, kwaba ukudumala e-UK, nakuba i-albhamu ibe yimpumelelo kakhulu e-US.
Sebenza kuma-rock opera
Ngo-1973, uRay Davis wabhala i-opera ye-rock yobude obugcwele enesihloko esithi Preservation.
Lapho ingxenye yokuqala ye-opera ekugcineni ibonakala ekupheleni kuka-1973, yagxekwa kakhulu futhi yamukelwa ngendlela ebandayo emphakathini.
Umthetho 2 uvele ehlobo lika-1974. Isiqephu esilandelayo sathola impatho embi nakakhulu kunaleyo eyandulelayo.
UDavis waqala omunye umculo, i-Starmaker, we-BBC. Le phrojekthi yagcina iphenduke insipho, eyakhululwa entwasahlobo ka-1975.
Naphezu kokubuyekezwa okubi, i-soap opera iphumelele kakhulu kwezentengiselwano kuneyandulelayo.
Ngo-1976, abakwaKinks baqopha i-opera yesithathu ye-rock kaDavis, ethi Schoolboys in Disgrace, eyayizwakala inamandla kakhulu kunama-albhamu abo eRCA.
Ukusebenza ne-Arista Records
Ngo-1976, amaKinks ashiye i-RCA futhi asayina ne-Arista Records. Kwa-Arista Records baphenduka iqembu le-hard rock.
U-Bassist John Dalton ushiye ibhendi ngasekupheleni kwe-albhamu yabo yokuqala ku-Arista. Esikhundleni sakhe kwathathwa u-Andy Pyle.
I-Sleepwalker, i-albhamu yokuqala ye-Kinks ka-Arista, yaba yingoma enkulu e-US.
Lapho ibhendi iqeda ukuqopha lo msebenzi, uPyle walishiya iqembu futhi esikhundleni sakhe kwathathwa uDalton owayebuya.
I-Misfits, i-albhamu yesibili yeqembu ku-Arista, nayo iphumelele e-US. Ngemuva kohambo lwase-UK, uDalton walishiya iqembu futhi, kanye nomculi wekhibhodi uJohn Gosling.
Umculi we-Bassist uJim Rodford kanye no-Gordon Edwards oshaya ikhibhodi bagcwalise lezi zikhala.
Ngokushesha iqembu lomculo lase lidlala eziteji ezinkulu e-United States. Yize ama-punk rockers afana ne-Jam kanye ne-The Pretenders amboza ama-Kinks ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-70s, ibhendi yaba yimpumelelo kakhulu kwezohwebo.
Impumelelo ifinyelele umvuthwandaba nge-albhamu ye-rock esindayo ethi Low Budget (1979), eyaba yimpumelelo kakhulu eMelika, yafinyelela inani elingu-11 emashadini.
I-albhamu yabo elandelayo, ethi, Nikeza Abantu Lokho Abakufunayo, yakhululwa ngasekupheleni kuka-1981. Umsebenzi wafinyelela inani eliphakeme kunombolo-15 futhi waba irekhodi legolide leqembu.
Esikhathini esiningi se-1982, ibhendi yajikeleza.
Entwasahlobo ka-1983, i-"Come Dancing" yaba ingoma enkulu yeqembu yaseMelika kusukela "Ngikhathele Ukukulinda" ngenxa yevidiyo eboniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ku-MTV.
E-US leli culo lidle umhlanganiso kwelesithupha, e-UK lafinyelela kunombolo 12. “Isimo Sesiphithiphithi” ilandele ethi “Woza Dancing” kwaba enye impumelelo.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-1983, uRay Davis wasebenza kuphrojekthi yefilimu i-Waterloo Return, lo msebenzi wabangela ukungezwani okukhulu phakathi kwakhe nomfowabo.
Esikhundleni sokuhlukana, amaKinks avele ashintsha uhla lwawo, kodwa kwadingeka ukuthi azidele kakhulu: UMick Ivory, umshayi wesigubhu waleli qembu owadlala nalo iminyaka engu-20, uxoshwe kwangena uBob Henrit.
Lapho uRay eqeda ukukhiqizwa ku-Return to Waterloo, wabhala i-albhamu elandelayo ye-Kinks, i-Word of Mouth, ekhishwe ngasekupheleni kuka-1984.
I-albhamu yayifana nomsindo kumarekhodi amaningana e-Kinks okugcina, kodwa umsebenzi wawuwukudumazeka kwezohwebo.
Ngakho-ke, inkathi yokwehla yaqala eqenjini. Ngokuzayo, ngeke baphinde bakhiphe elinye irekhodi leTop 40.
I-Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
I-Word of Mouth kwakuyi-albhamu yokugcina abayiqophela u-Arista. Ekuqaleni kuka-1986, ibhendi yasayina ne-MCA Records e-US.
I-Think Visual, i-albhamu yabo yokuqala yelebula entsha, yakhululwa ngasekupheleni kuka-1986. Bekuyimpumelelo elula futhi esheshayo, kodwa bekungekho abangabodwana kwirekhodi.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, i-The Kinks yakhipha enye i-albhamu ebukhoma ebizwa ngokuthi "The Road", okuthe, nakuba kwakungeyona isikhathi eside, kodwa yashaya amashadi.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, abakwaKinks bakhiphe i-albhamu yabo yokugcina yesitudiyo ye-MCA, UK Jive. Ngo-1989 umculi wekhibhodi u-Ian Gibbons washiya ibhendi.
AmaKinks angeniswa ku-Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ngo-1990, kodwa lokhu akwenzanga lutho ukuvuselela umsebenzi wawo.
Ngo-1991, kwavela ukukhethwa kokuqoshwa kwabo kwe-MCA, "Lost & Found" (1986-1989), okubonisa ukuphela kwenkontileka yabo nelebula.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, ibhendi yasayina neColumbia Records futhi yakhipha i-EP enesihloko esithi "Did Ya" ehlulekile ukushadi.
I-albhamu yabo yokuqala enobude obugcwele ye-Columbia, Phobia, yakhululwa ngo-1993 ukuze ibuyekezwe kahle kodwa ithengiswe kabi. Ngalesi sikhathi, uRay noDave Davis kuphela ababesele eqenjini kusukela ohlwini lokuqala.
Ngo-1994, leli qembu lahamba futhi iqembu lahamba e-Columbia.
Naphezu kokungaphumeleli kwezentengiselwano, kodwa ukugqama kwaleli qembu kwaqala ukukhula ngo-1995, njengoba abaculi baqokwa njengeqembu elinamandla.
Siyabonga i-Blur ne-Oasis.
Ngokushesha uRay Davis uphinde wavela ezinhlelweni zethelevishini ezidumile ezithuthukisa umsebenzi wakhe we-autobiographical X-Ray.
Amahemuhemu okuhlangana kweqembu aqala ukuvela ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, kodwa asheshe aphela ngemva kokushaywa u-Dave Davis ngoJuni 2004.
UDave kamuva walulama ngokugcwele, kwaqubula elinye igagasi lamahemuhemu, kodwa awazange agcwaliseke.
UPeter Quaife, umshayi webhendi wokuqala webhendi, washona ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezinso ngoJuni 23, 2010.
