UWolfgang Amadeus Mozart ube negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni komculo wakudala womhlaba. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekuphileni kwakhe okufushane wakwazi ukubhala izingoma ezingaphezu kuka-600. Waqala ukubhala izingoma zakhe zokuqala eseyingane.
Ubuntwana bomculi
Wazalwa ngo-January 27, 1756 edolobheni elihle laseSalzburg. UMozart wakwazi ukuduma emhlabeni wonke. Iqiniso liwukuthi wakhulela emndenini wokudala. Ubaba wakhe wasebenza njengomculi.
UMozart wakhulela emndenini omkhulu. Iningi labafowabo nodadewabo bashona besebancane. Lapho uWolfgang ezalwa, odokotela bathi umfana uzohlala eyintandane. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, umama kaMozart waba nezinkinga ezinkulu. Odokotela babikezela ukuthi owesifazane owayezobeletha wayengeke aphile. Ngokumangalisayo, waba ngcono.
Kusukela ebusheni bakhe, uMozart wayethanda umculo. Wabona uyise edlala izinsimbi zomculo ezihlukahlukene. Lapho eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, ingane yayikwazi ukuphindaphinda ngendlebe iculo eladlalwa uLeopold Mozart (ubaba) emizuzwini embalwa edlule.
Inhloko yomndeni, eyabona ikhono endodaneni yayo, yamfundisa ukudlala ihabhu. Umfana washeshe wafunda izingoma eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zemidlalo namaminithi, futhi ngokushesha wayesekhathele yilo msebenzi. UMozart waqala ukuqamba izingoma. Lapho eneminyaka engu-6, uWolfgang waba ingcweti kwelinye ithuluzi lomculo. Kulokhu kwakuyi-violin.
Ngendlela, uMozart akakaze aye esikoleni. ULeopold wafundisa izingane zakhe eyedwa ekhaya. Wayenesizinda semfundo esihle kakhulu. UWolfgang wayehamba phambili cishe kuzo zonke isayensi. Umfana wabamba yonke into empukaneni. Wayenenkumbulo enhle kakhulu.
I-Mozart iyi-nugget yangempela, ngoba indlela yokuchaza iqiniso lokuthi lapho eneminyaka engu-6 wanikeza amakhonsathi ayedwa. Kwesinye isikhathi udadewabo uNannerl uvele esiteji noWolfgang. Wacula kamnandi.
Intsha
ULeopold Mozart waqaphela ukuthi imidlalo yezingane ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu izethameli. Ngemva kokucabanga, wahamba nezingane zakhe ohambweni olude benqamula eYurophu. Lapho, uWolfgang noNannerl badlalela abalandeli ababefuna umculo wakudala.
Umndeni awuzange usheshe ubuyele ezweni lakubo elingokomlando. Imidlalo yezingane ivuse umunyu ezithamelini. Isibongo somculi osemncane nomqambi sazwakala ngabaphezulu baseYurophu.
Endaweni yaseParis, i-maestro yakha ama-sonatas amane okuqala. Izingoma bezihloselwe i-clavier ne-violin. Ngesikhathi esohambweni eLondon, wathatha izifundo endodaneni yakhe encane, uBach. Ukuqinisekisile ubuhlakani bukaWolfgang futhi wathi umfanekisela ikusasa elihle.
Phakathi nohambo olumatasa emazweni aseYurophu, umkhaya wakwaMozart wawukhathele kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo yezingane nangaphambi kwalokho yayingabizwa ngokuthi iqinile. ULeopold wanquma ukubuyela edolobheni lakubo ngo-1766.
Indlela yokudala kaWolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Ubaba kaWolfgang wenza imizamo emikhulu yokwenza abantu abaningi baqaphele ithalenta lendodana yakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho esemusha, wamthumela e-Italy. Izakhamuzi zendawo zahlabeka umxhwele ngokudlala kahle kwalo mculi osemusha. Ngemva kokuvakashela e-Bologna, u-Wolfgang wabamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni yokuqala nabaculi abadumile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abanye abaqambi babefanele oyise, kodwa ngokuvamile kwawina uMozart.
Ithalente lethalente elincane lahlaba umxhwele i-Boden Academy kangangokuthi uMozart waqokwa njengomfundisi. Kwakuyisinqumo esingajwayelekile. Ngokuyinhloko, lesi sihloko satholwa abaqambi abadumile, abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ubudala.
Ukunqoba okuningi kwaphefumulela uMozart. Wezwa ukukhuphuka okumangalisayo kwamandla nobungqabavu. Wahlala phansi waqamba ama-sonatas, ama-opera, ama-quartet nama-symphonies. Njalo ngonyaka, uWolfgang akavuthwa kuphela, kodwa nezingoma zakhe. Zaba nesibindi nakakhulu futhi zanemibala. Wayekuqonda kahle ukuthi ngezingoma zakhe wayedlula labo ayekade ebathanda. Ngokushesha umqambi wahlangana noJoseph Haydn. Akazange abe umeluleki wakhe kuphela, kodwa futhi waba umngane oseduze.
UMozart wathola umsebenzi okhokhelwa kakhulu enkantolo yombhishobhi omkhulu. Uyise naye wayesebenza khona. Umsebenzi wawusugcwele egcekeni. UWolfgang ujabulise umphakathi ngezingoma ezimnandi. Ngemva kokushona kombhishobhi, isimo saba sibi kakhulu egcekeni. Ngo-1777, uLeopold Mozart wacela indodana yakhe ukuba ijikeleze iYurophu. KuWolfgang, lolu hambo lube usizo kakhulu.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umndeni wakwaMozart waba nezinkinga zezimali. Kanye noWolfgang, umama wakhe kuphela owakwazi ukuya ohambweni. Mozart waphinda waqala ukuhlela amakhonsathi. Maye, abadlulanga ngesasasa elikhulu kangaka. Iqiniso liwukuthi izingoma ze-maestro azifani nomculo we-classic "ojwayelekile". Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Mozart esekhulile ayizange isabangele izethameli emphefumulweni.
Izithameli zamamukela ngokungemnandi umqambi nomculi. Kwakungezona izindaba ezidabukisa kakhulu lezi. EParis, phakathi kokutubeka okukhulu ngokomzimba, unina washona. Umaestro waphinde waphoqeleka ukuthi abuyele eSalzburg.
UWolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Isiqalo somsebenzi wokudala
UWolfgang Mozart, naphezu kobuhlakani nokuqashelwa umphakathi, wayempofu. Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, akanelisekanga kakhulu ngendlela ayephathwa ngayo umbhishobhi omkhulu omusha. UMozart waba nomuzwa wokuthi ithalenta lakhe lalibukelwa phansi. Wayeqonda ukuthi wayengaphathwa njengomculi ohlonishwayo, kodwa njengenceku.
Ngo-1781 i-maestro yashiya isigodlo. Wakubona ukungaqondi kwezihlobo zakhe, kodwa akazange asishintshe isinqumo sakhe. Ngokushesha wathuthela endaweni yaseVienna. U-Mozart wayengazi ukuthi lesi kungaba yisinqumo esilungile kunazo zonke eminyakeni embalwa edlule yokuphila kwakhe. Futhi kulapha lapho eveze khona amandla akhe okudala ngezinga eliphezulu.
Ngokushesha u-maestro wahlangana ne-baron enethonya u-Gottfried van Steven. Wayegcwele izingoma zomqambi ezibucayi futhi waba umsekeli wakhe othembekile. Iqoqo le-baron lalihlanganisa imisebenzi engafi ka-Bach no-Handel.
I-baron yanikeza umqambi iseluleko esihle. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, uWolfgang wasebenza ngesitayela seBaroque. Lokhu kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukucebisa i-repertoire ngezingoma zegolide. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi wafundisa ingoma yomculo ye-Princess Elisabeth yaseWürttemberg.
Ngo-1780, isikhathi sesifikile sokuchuma komsebenzi we-maestro. Iqoqo lakhe ligcwaliswa ngama-opera: Umshado ka-Figaro, uMtshingo Womlingo, uDon Giovanni. Wabe esengomunye wabaqambi nabaculi ababefunwa kakhulu. Amakhonsathi akhe abekhokhelwa kakhulu. Isikhwama sakhe semali sasiqhuma ngenxa yezindleko, futhi umphefumulo wakhe "wadansa" ekwamukelweni okufudumele komphakathi.
Ukuduma kwe-maestro kwehle ngokushesha. Ngokushesha lowo owayekholelwa ethalenteni likaMozart kusukela ekuqaleni wafa. Uyise washona. Khona-ke unkosikazi kaMaestro uConstance Weber kwatholakala ukuthi unesilonda emlenzeni. Ukuze asindise umkakhe ebuhlungwini obukhulu, uMozart wasebenzisa imali eningi.
Isikhundla somqambi saba sibi kakhulu ngemva kokufa kukaJoseph II. Ngokushesha indawo yombusi yathathwa uLeopold II. Umbusi omusha wayekude nobuciko, futhi ikakhulukazi umculo.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu
UConstance Weber ungowesifazane owahlala enhliziyweni yomqambi odumile. I-maestro yahlangana nentombazane enhle endaweni yaseVienna. Lapho efika edolobheni, umculi waqasha indlu emndenini wakwaWeber.
Ngendlela, uyise kaMozart wayemelene nalo mshado. Wathi uConstance wayefuna inzuzo kuphela endodaneni yakhe. Umcimbi womshado wenziwa ngo-1782.
Unkosikazi womqambi wayekhulelwe izikhathi eziyisi-6. Wakwazi ukuzala izingane ezimbili kuphela - Karl Thomas noFranz Xaver Wolfgang.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngoWolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Umqambi onesiphiwo wabhala ingoma yakhe yokuqala eneminyaka engu-6.
- Indodana encane kaMozart yahlala eLviv iminyaka engaba ngu-30.
- ELondon, uWolfgang omncane wayeyinto yocwaningo lwesayensi. Waqashelwa njengengane ehlakaniphile.
- Umqambi oneminyaka engu-12 ubudala waqamba ingoma eyathunywa umbusi woMbuso Ongcwele WaseRoma.
- Lapho eneminyaka engu-28, wangena eMasonic lodge eVienna.
iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila
Ngo-1790, impilo yomfazi womqambi yaphinde yawohloka kakhulu. Ukuze athuthukise isimo sakhe sezezimali, u-maestro waphoqeleka ukuba anikeze amakhonsathi amaningana eFrankfurt. Ukudlala komculi kwahamba ngesivinini, kodwa lokhu akuzange kwenze isikhwama semali sikaMozart sibe nzima kakhulu.
Ngemva konyaka, i-maestro yaba nokunye ukukhuphuka kokudala. Ngenxa yalokhu, uMozart wanyathelisa iculo elithi Symphony No. 40, futhi ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, i-Requiem eyayingaqediwe.
Ngokushesha umqambi wagula kakhulu. Wayenomkhuhlane omkhulu, ephalaza futhi egodola. Wafa ngoDisemba 5, 1791. Odokotela bathola ukuthi ukufa kwakubangelwa i-rheumatic inflammatory fever.
Ngokweminye imibiko, imbangela yokushona komqambi odumile kwaba ukudliswa ushevu. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, u-Antonio Salieri wasolwa ngokufa kukaMozart. Wayengadumile njengoWolfgang. Abaningi babekholelwa ukuthi uSalieri wayemfisela ukufa. Kodwa le-hypothesis ayizange iqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni.
