U-Alexander Scriabin ungumqambi nomqhubi waseRussia. Kukhulunywa ngaye njengomqambi-isazi sefilosofi. Kwakungu-Alexander Nikolaevich owaqhamuka nomqondo wokukhanya kombala-umsindo, okuwukuboniswa komculo usebenzisa umbala.
Wanikela iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe ekudaleni lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Imfihlakalo". Umqambi waphupha ukuhlanganisa "ebhodleleni" elilodwa - umculo, ukucula, umdanso, izakhiwo kanye nokudweba. Ukufa okungalindelekile kwamvimbela ukuba afeze icebo lakhe.
Ubuntwana nobusha
U-Alexander waba nenhlanhla emangalisayo ngokuzalwa endaweni yaseMoscow. Kulapha lapho achitha khona ubuntwana nobusha bakhe. Wazalelwa emndenini wezikhulu zomdabu.
Emkhayeni wakwaScriabin, cishe bonke babengamasosha. Futhi kuphela u-Nikolai Aleksandrovich (uyise womqambi) wanquma ukuphula isiko. Wangena eFaculty of Law. Ngenxa yalokho, inhloko yomkhaya yaba inxusa elifanelekayo. Ungaqagela ukuthi u-Alexander Nikolaevich wakhulela emndenini ocebile.
Umqambi wayenenhlanhla hhayi kuphela noyise, kodwa futhi nomama wakhe. Lona wesifazane wayechazwa njengomuntu oqotho futhi onomusa. Wayefundile, futhi ephiwe ubuhle bemvelo obungavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unina kaScriabin wayenezwi elihle futhi edlala upiyano ngobuciko. Wavakashela kakhulu futhi waze wadlala esiteji isonto ngaphambi kokuzalwa kuka-Alexander.
Usuku lokuzalwa komqambi waseRussia nguDisemba 25, 1871. Kwakumele akhule masinyane. Umama wakhe washona ngenxa yokuphuza utshwala, waze wafinyelela eminyakeni engu-22 ubudala. Inhloko yomndeni, eyayixhaswa umndeni, ngokuvamile yayiphoqeleka ukuba ihambe ngohambo lwebhizinisi. Isibopho sokukhulisa izingane sawela emahlombe o-anti nogogo.
Uthando ngomsebenzi wakho
U-Alexander Nikolayevich ukweleta uthando lwakhe ku-anti wakhe umculo. Nguye owafundisa uScriabin ukudlala upiyano. Owesifazane waphawula ukuthi umfana ubamba izingoma zomculo ohambweni futhi alahlekelwe kalula. Ngokushesha kwase kuvele kungenzeki ukumkhipha kupiyano. Wayekwazi ukuchitha amahora amaningi edlala insimbi yomculo.
Ngo-1882 wangena e-cadet Corps. Ngokwemvelo, umphefumulo ka-Alexander Nikolaevich ulele ekudaleni. Waqhubeka nokwenza umculo lapha. Ubaba akazange abone indodana yakhe njengomqambi. Wayefuna ukuba uScriabin abe yindoda yezempi.
Isithixo sobusha bakhe sasi UFrederic Chopin. Lapho uScriabin ezwa izimangaliso zomqambi, wathatha ipeni nephepha. Esemusha, waqamba i-canon ne-nocturne yepiyano. Ngemva kwalokho, uthatha izifundo ezikhokhelwayo zepiyano.
Iphupho lakhe lafezeka lapho eba umfundi eMoscow Conservatory. Lesi sigameko senzeka eneminyaka engu-16 nje. Uthole iziqu ze-honours ku-faculty futhi washiya isikhungo semfundo nendondo yegolide.
Indlela yokudala nomculo womqambi u-Alexander Scriabin
Khumbula ukuthi u-Alexander Nikolayevich waqala ukubhala imisebenzi yomculo esemncane. Waqala ukuqamba ama-miniatures, imidwebo nama-prelude. Izingoma ze-maestro zazigcwele izingoma ze-lyrical.
Ngo-1894, ukusebenza kokuqala kwe-maestro kwenzeka enhloko-dolobha yamasiko yaseRussia. Ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engu-22 kuphela ubudala. Wakwazi ukugcwalisa i-piggy bank yomculo ngenani elanele lemisebenzi yokubamba ikhonsathi eyathatha isikhathi eside. Umdlalo wasekhaya ube yimpumelelo. Umphakathi wajabula.
Ukwamukelwa ngemfudumalo kwaphefumulela i-maestro, okwathi ngemva kwalokho yathatha uhambo lwaseYurophu. Abagxeki bakwamanye amazwe baphawula ubusuka kanye nokuvela kwemisebenzi kaScriabin. Bagcizelela ukuthi izingoma ze-maestro ziqukethe ubuhlakani obuphezulu nefilosofi.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-90, waqala ukufundisa. Kwakuyisidingo ngaphezu kwesifiso. U-Alexander Nikolaevich waphoqeleka ukuba asekele umndeni omkhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi uScriabin naye waqala ukuvuthwa njengomculi. Manje ubheka umculo kuphela njengesinye sezihluthulelo zokudlulisa uhlelo olunembile nolufingqiwe lokubuka umhlaba.
Uthembisa ukubhala ama-symphonies amaningana. I-Scriabin ibulala ama-canon ohlobo. Abagxeki basabela ngendlela engaqondakali emigilweni ye-maestro. Benqabile ukwamukela ama-symphonies ngomsindo ongajwayelekile. Ekuqaleni kuka-1905, umqambi wethula i-symphony yesithathu emphakathini. Lo msebenzi wawubizwa ngokuthi "Inkondlo Yaphezulu".
Ku-symphony yesithathu, i-maestro yazama indima yombhali wemidlalo. Wazama ukulungisa ukuvela komoya womuntu emsebenzini. Ngokumangalisayo, izethameli zayamukela ngemfudumalo le nto entsha. Ukwethulwa kwe-symphony kwenza imibono emnandi kakhulu. Ushaye abathandi bomculo ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokungena. Ngokulandelayo, abagxeki bomculo abangenakuguqulwa babone indalo njengomnyango wenkathi entsha.
U-Alexander Scriabin: Ukuthandwa okuphezulu
I-maestro isendaweni evelele. Eqhulwini lempumelelo enkulu, useqala ukubhala "Mystery". Inhloso yesiqephu somculo ukuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zobuciko. I-maestro isungule umqondo womsindo wombala okhanyayo. Wavumela umqambi ukuthi abone ukuvezwa komsindo ngombala.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, wabhala imisebenzi eminingi emikhulu yepiyano, i-orchestra ne-organ. Ezintsha zomculo, umphakathi wazisa i- "Poem of Ecstasy". Abagxeki abaningi bathi lo msebenzi uhlobene nohlu lwemisebenzi emangalisa kakhulu yomqambi waseRussia.
Umqambi akagcinanga lapho. Ngokushesha, abathandi bomculo bajabulela ingoma ethi "Prometheus" Engxenyeni yomculo, ingxenye ehlukile iyingxenye yokukhanya. Maye, akuyona yonke imibono eyahunyushelwa eqinisweni. Isibonelo, i-premiere yokubunjwa kwenzeka ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile. Ukunikezwa kwezinto zomculo kwakudingeka kuhambisane noshintsho lwamaza ombala.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu
U-Scriabin ubelokhu egqamile. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe okufushane, wabonakala ebuhlotsheni obunzima izikhathi ezintathu. U-Natalia Sekerina ungowesifazane wokuqala owathandana naye uMaestro omkhulu. Babesezincwadini ezisebenzayo, wayethemba uNatasha osondelene kakhulu. U-Alexander Nikolaevich wayethemba ukuthi uSekerina uzoba umkakhe. Kodwa abazali bentombazane babenezinye izinhlelo. Babheka umqambi osemusha njengephathi efanelekayo yendodakazi yabo.
U-Vera Ivanovna Isakovich waba unkosikazi wokuqala osemthethweni we-maestro. Owesifazane wayengowobuntu bokudala. Wayesebenza njengomdlali wopiyano. Umndeni waze waba nekhonsathi ehlangene enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance. Ekuqaleni kokuphila komkhaya wabo, bahlala eRussia, base bethuthela eYurophu. Kuzalwa izingane ezi-4 emndenini, ezimbili zazo zashona zisencane.
Ngo-1905, u-Scriabin wabonakala ebuhlotsheni noTatyana Shlozer. Owesifazane wakhonza uScriabin. Useneminyaka eminingi efuna ithuba lokuhlangana nesithixo sakhe. Isifiso sakhe sagcwaliseka ngo-1902. U-Scriabin wamangala ukuthi intombazane iqonda kanjani imisebenzi yakhe. Wamncoma kakhulu, unkosikazi osemthethweni akazange akwenze.
Schlozer, ngaphansi komfundi, waqala ukufunda u-Alexander Nikolaevich. Ngokushesha wayiveza ngesibindi imizwa yakhe. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, uTatiana no-Alexander abazange baphinde bafihle isikhundla sabo. Abangane nezihlobo abakwazanga ukuxolela umqambi wale noveli. UVera wenqaba ukunikeza umyeni wakhe isehlukaniso. UTatiana akazange athathe indawo yomfazi osemthethweni, futhi wachitha impilo yakhe yonke njengesancinza. UShlözer wazala umyeni wakhe izingane ezintathu.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi u-Alexander Scriabin
- Ekupheleni kwe-Sonata Yesikhombisa, i-maestro yabeka imisindo engu-25. Abadlali bopiyano abathathu bangayidlala ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Umbono wezwe womqambi wathonywa isazi sefilosofi esivelele uTrubetskoy.
- Usayine isivumelwano sokuqasha ifulethi e-Arbat iminyaka emi-3. Leli gama laphela ngo-April 14, 1915. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi washona ngalolu suku.
Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo ye-maestro
Impilo yomqambi yanqanyulwa. Ngo-1915, wakhononda kodokotela ngethumba elavela ebusweni bakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, inqubo yokuvuvukala yanda futhi yageleza ku-sepsis. Kwakungekho ukuthuthukiswa okubonakalayo ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ubuthi begazi be-Streptococcal bubangele ukufa kwe-maestro. Wafa ngo-April 14, 1915. Umzimba wakhe wangcwatshwa emathuneni Novodevichy.
Wahlala isonto lonke ebuhlungu. UScriabin wakwazi ukwenza incwadi yefa, kanye nesikhalo esibhaliwe kumbusi, ukuze abone ukuthi inyunyana yakhe yokugcina yomphakathi isemthethweni. Lapho unkosikazi osemthethweni uVera Ivanovna ethola ukuthi isiphi isimo u-Alexander Nikolayevich, wathambisa kancane. Uphinde wacela ukuthi izingane zaseSchlozer zihlonishwe njengezisemthethweni.
