Igama lomqambi nomculi odumile uFryderyk Chopin lihlotshaniswa nokwakhiwa kwesikole sepiyano sasePoland. I-maestro "yayimnandi" ikakhulukazi ekudaleni izingoma zothando. Imisebenzi yomqambi igcwele izisusa zothando nothando. Ukwazile ukuba negalelo elikhulu esikweni lomculo lomhlaba.
Ubuntwana nentsha
I-maestro yazalwa emuva ngo-1810. Unina wayeyisikhulu ngokuzalwa, futhi inhloko yomndeni inguthisha. UChopin wachitha ubuntwana bakhe edolobheni elincane lesifundazwe laseZhelyazova Wola (eduze kwaseWarsaw). Wakhulela emndenini ohlakaniphile ngokwesiko.
Inhloko yomndeni, kanye nomama wayo, bagxilise uthando lwezinkondlo nomculo ezinganeni zayo. Umama wayengowesifazane ofunde kakhulu, wayedlala upiyano ngobuchule futhi ecula. Zonke izingane zaziwuthanda umculo. Kodwa uFrederick wagqama ikakhulukazi, owakwazi ukudlala izinsimbi zekhibhodi ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu.
Wayekwazi ukuhlala amahora amaningi ezinsimbini zomculo, ecosha ingoma esanda kuzwakala ngendlebe. U-Chopin wajabulisa abazali bakhe ngokudlala ipiyano yakhe enhle kakhulu, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, umama wakhe wamangala ngephimbo eliphelele lendodana yakhe. Lona wesifazane wayeqiniseka ukuthi indodana yakhe inekusasa eliqhakazile.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, uFrederick omncane wayesevele enza amakhonsathi angenangqondo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva waya ukufunda nomculi Wojciech Zhivny. Akuzange kudlule isikhathi esiningi, futhi u-Chopin waba umdlali wepiyano wangempela we-virtuoso. Ubenekhono lokudlala upiyano waze wadlula abaculi abadala nabanamava.
Ngokushesha wayesekhathele amakhonsathi. UChopin wezwa isifiso sokuthuthuka. UFrederik ubhalisele izifundo zokuqamba no-Józef Elsner. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, wahamba izindawo eziningi. Umculi wavakashela amadolobha aseYurophu ngenhloso eyodwa - ukuvakashela izindlu ze-opera.
Lapho u-Prince Anton Radziwill ezwa ukudlala okumangalisayo kukaFrederick, wathatha umculi osemusha ngaphansi kwephiko lakhe. Inkosana yamethula emibuthanweni yezicukuthwane. By the way, uChopin wavakashela insimu ye-Russian Federation. Wenza phambi koMbusi u-Alexander I. Njengokubonga, umbusi wanikeza umculi indandatho ebizayo.
Indlela yokudala yomqambi uFryderyk Chopin
Lapho eneminyaka engu-19, uChopin wavakashela izwe lakubo ngenkuthalo. Igama lakhe selibonakala nakakhulu. Igunya lomculi laqiniswa. Lokhu kwavumela uFrederick ukuba ahambe ohambweni lwakhe lokuqala lwaseYurophu. Imisebenzi ye-maestro yenziwa ngendlu enkulu egcwele. Wabingelelwa wabonakala eshosholoza nehlombe.
Ngesikhathi eseJalimane, lo mculi wafunda ngokucindezelwa kokuvukela kwasePoland eWarsaw. Iqiniso liwukuthi wayengomunye wamaqabane omzabalazo. UChopin osemusha waphoqeleka ukuba ahlale kwelinye izwe. Wakhetha iParis enemibalabala. Lapha wadala i-opus yokuqala yemidwebo. Umhlobiso oyinhloko wezingoma zomculo ezidumile kwakuyi-"Revolutionary Etude" edumile.
Ukuhlala enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance, wadlala umculo ezindlini zabaxhasi. Wamukelwa ngenjabulo izicukuthwane. U-Chopin wayejabule ngokuthi wayephathwa ngenhlonipho emibuthanweni ye-elite. Ngaleso sikhathi, akuwona wonke umuntu owayengafinyelela isikhundla esinjalo emphakathini. Ngaso leso sikhathi, waqamba amakhonsathi akhe ophiyano lokuqala.
Wabe esehlangana nomqambi ohlakaniphile nomculi uRobert Schumann. Lapho laba bamuva bezwa ukudlala kukaChopin, washesha ukuveza umbono wakhe ngomsebenzi wakhe:
"Sthandwa, khumula izigqoko, sinobuhlakani bangempela phambi kwethu."
UFryderyk Chopin: Ikusasa lomsebenzi wobuciko
Ngawo-1830, ubuciko be-maestro bachuma. Wajwayelana nezingoma ezihlakaniphile zika-Adam Mickiewicz. Ngaphansi kwethonya lalokho akufundayo, u-Chopin wadala ama-ballads amaningana. Umculi uzinikele izingoma ezweni kanye nesiphetho salo.
Ama-ballads agcwaliswe ngezingoma zendabuko yesi-Polish nemidanso, lapho izinkomba zokuphindaphinda zengezwa khona. UFrederick wadlulisela ngokuphelele isimo esivamile sabantu basePoland, kodwa nge-prism yombono wakhe. Ngokushesha i-maestro yakha ama-scherzos amane, ama-waltze, ama-mazurka, ama-polonaise nama-nocturnes.
Ama-waltze aphuma esibayeni somqambi ayehlotshaniswa nezinto ezenzeka kuFrederick. Wadlulisa ngobuchule usizi lothando, ukwehla nokwenyuka. Kodwa ama-mazurka kaChopin namapolonaise ayiqoqo lezithombe zikazwelonke.
Uhlobo lwe-nocturn olwenziwa nguChopin nalo lwenze izinguquko ezithile. Ngaphambi komqambi, lolu hlobo lungabonakala njengengoma yasebusuku. Emsebenzini kaFrederic, i-nocturne yaphenduka yaba umdwebo wezingoma nomdlalo omangalisayo. I-maestro ikwazile ukudlulisa ngekhono inhlekelele yezingoma ezinjalo.
Ngokushesha wethula umjikelezo owawunezandulela ezingu-24. Umjikelezo womqambi waphinde wagqugquzelwa okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho ezwa khona ukuhlukana nesithandwa sakhe.
Khona-ke waqala ukuhlanganyela emsebenzini kaBach. Ehlatshwe umxhwele umjikelezo wokungafi wamafugue namanduleli, uMaestro Frederic wanquma ukwenza into efanayo. Ama-preludes ka-Chopin ayimidwebo emincane mayelana nolwazi lomuntu siqu lomuntu omncane. Izingoma zidalwe ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi "idayari yomculo".
Ukuthandwa komqambi akuhlotshaniswa kuphela nokuqamba kanye nemisebenzi yokuvakasha. UChopin naye wazimisa njengothisha. UFrederic wayengumsunguli wesu eliyingqayizivele elivumela abaculi abasafufusa ukuthi bakwazi ukudlala upiyano ezingeni lochwepheshe.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uChopin wayenothando (lokhu kuqinisekiswa yimisebenzi eminingi), impilo yomuntu siqu ye-maestro ayizange iphumelele. Akazange athole injabulo yokuphila komkhaya. UMaria Wodzińska uyintombazane yokuqala uFrederic athandana nayo.
Ngemva kokuhlanganyela phakathi kukaMaria noChopin, abazali bentombazane babeka phambili izimfuno zokuthi umshado ungenzeki ngaphambi konyaka kamuva. Babefuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi umculi uyaphila. Ngenxa yalokho, umcimbi womshado awuzange ube khona. UChopin akazange aphile ngokuvumelana nalokho okwakulindelwe yinhloko yomndeni.
Ukuhlukana noMaria, umculi wabhekana nobunzima obukhulu. Kwaphela isikhathi eside engakholwa ukuthi ngeke aphinde ayibone le ntombazane. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwaba nomthelela emsebenzini we-maestro. Wadala i-sonata yesibili engafi. Abathandi bomculo bayakwazisa ikakhulukazi ingxenye ehamba kancane yengoma ethi "Funeral March".
Ngemva kwesikhashana, i-maestro yaba nesithakazelo kwenye intombazane enhle, u-Aurora Dudevant. Washumayela ubufazi. Lona wesifazane wayegqoke izingubo zamadoda, wabhala amanoveli ngaphansi kwegama-mbumbulu elithi George Sand. Futhi waqinisekisa ukuthi wayengenasithakazelo nhlobo emndenini. Wayekhuthaza ubudlelwano obuvulekile.
Kwakuyindaba yothando ephilayo. Abantu abasha abazange bakhangise ubuhlobo babo isikhathi eside futhi bakhetha ukuvela emphakathini kuphela. Ngokumangalisayo, baze bathwetshulwa esithombeni ndawonye, nokho, sahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili. Ngokunokwenzeka, kwakukhona ukuxabana phakathi kwabathandi, okwabangela izinyathelo ezimbi kakhulu.
Abathandi bachitha isikhathi esiningi endaweni yase-Aurora eMallorca. Isimo sezulu esinomswakama, ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo ngenxa yengxabano nowesifazane kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi umqambi watholakala enesifo sofuba.
Abaningi bathi i-Aurora yayinethonya elinamandla ku-maestro. Wayengowesifazane onesimilo, ngakho wahola indoda. Naphezu kwalokhu, uChopin wakwazi ukungacindezeli ithalente nobuntu bakhe.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi uFryderyk Chopin
- Izingoma ezimbalwa zokuqala zikaFrederick zisekhona kuze kube namuhla. Sikhuluma nge-polonaise ye-B-dur kanye nengoma ethi "Military March". Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imisebenzi yabhalwa umqambi eneminyaka engu-7.
- Wayethanda ukudlala ebumnyameni futhi ethi kwakusebusuku lapho ethola khona ugqozi.
- UChopin wahlushwa ukuthi wayenesundu esincane. I-maestro yaze yasungula umshini okhethekile owawuhloselwe ukwelula intende. Lokhu kusize ukudlala izingoma eziyinkimbinkimbi.
- UFrederick wayeyintandokazi kwabesifazane. Lokhu akubangelwa nje kuphela ukuthi wayengumculi okhaliphile. UChopin wayenokubukeka okukhangayo.
- Wayengenabantwana, kodwa wayethanda umshana wakhe.
UFryderyk Chopin: Iminyaka Yokugcina Yempilo Yakhe
Ngemva kokuhlukana noGeorge Sand, impilo ye-maestro edumile yaqala ukuwohloka kakhulu. Akakwazanga ukuza yena isikhathi eside. UFrederick wayecindezeleke kakhulu futhi ephukile kangangokuthi wayengafuni ukwelashwa. Wayefuna ukufa. Eqoqa intando yakhe esibhakeleni, umqambi waqhubeka nokuvakasha e-UK. Umaestro ubephelezelwa ngumfundi wakhe. Ngemva kochungechunge lwamakhonsathi, uFrederic wabuyela eParis futhi ekugcineni wagula.
Wafa maphakathi no-Okthoba 1849. Umqambi wabulawa isifo sofuba samaphaphu. Ezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe, umshana wakhe nabangane babeseduze kwakhe.
UChopin wenza incwadi yefa lapho acela khona ukufeza isicelo esisodwa esingavamile kakhulu. Washiya ngemva kokufa kwakhe ukuba akhiphe inhliziyo yakhe futhi ayingcwabe ezweni lakubo, futhi angcwabe isidumbu sakhe emathuneni aseFrance ePere Lachaise.
E-Poland, umsebenzi womqambi udlalwa futhi uyathandwa kuze kube namuhla. Waphenduka isithixo nesithixo samaPhoyisa. Iminyuziyamu eminingi nemigwaqo kuqanjwe ngaye. Emadolobheni amaningi aleli zwe kunamatshe esikhumbuzo abonisa i-maestro ekhaliphile.
