UJohannes Brahms ungumqambi okhaliphile, umculi kanye nombhidisi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abagxeki nabaphila ngesikhathi babheka i-maestro njengomsunguli futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo i-traditionalist.
Izingoma zakhe zazifana ngesakhiwo nemisebenzi kaBach noBeethoven. Abanye baye bathi umsebenzi kaBrahms ungowezemfundo. Kodwa awukwazi ukuphikisana nento eyodwa ngokuqinisekile - uJohannes waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko bomculo.
Ubuntwana nentsha
I-maestro yazalwa ngoMeyi 7, 1833. Isimo ebesikhona endlini sibe nesandla ekutheni umfana esemncane waqala ukuthanda umculo. Iqiniso liwukuthi u-Johann Jacob (uyise kaBrahms) ungumnikazi womdlalo ezinsimbini zomculo zomoya nezintambo.
UBrahms wayeyingane yesibili. Abazali baqaphela ukuthi uBrahms wayehluke kwezinye izingane. Wayewuzwa ngendlebe lo mculo, wayenenkumbulo enhle nezwi elihle kakhulu. Ubaba akalindanga ukuthi indodana yakhe ikhule. Kusukela eneminyaka engu-5, uJohannes wafunda ukudlala i-violin ne-cello.
Ngokushesha umfana wanikezwa ngaphansi kwephiko likathisha onolwazi oluthe xaxa u-Otto Kossel. Wafundisa ama-Brahms izisekelo zokuqamba. U-Otto wamangala ngamakhono omfundi wakhe. Wabamba izingoma ngekhanda ngemva kokulalela okokuqala. Lapho eneminyaka engu-10, uBrahms wayesevele eqoqa amahholo. Umfana udlale ngamakhonsathi angakaze abonwe. Ngo-1885, ukwethulwa kwe-sonata yokuqala kwenzeka, umbhali wayo kwakunguJohannes.
Ubaba wazama ukuyekisa indodana yakhe ekuqeqesheni ukwakheka, ngoba wayekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwakuwumsebenzi ongenanzuzo. Kodwa u-Otto wakwazi ukukholisa inhloko yomkhaya, futhi uBrahms wadluliselwa ekilasini lika-Eduard Marxsen.
Kwadlula iminyaka eminingana, futhi Brahms waqala ngenkuthalo ukuhlela amakhonsathi. Ngokushesha inkampani ye-Cranz yathola amalungelo ezingoma zikaJohannes futhi yaqala ukukhulula amaphuzu omculo ngaphansi kwegama lokuqamba elithi GW Marks. Kwaze kwaba ngemva kweminyaka embalwa lapho uBrahms eqala khona ukusebenzisa igama lokuqala. Ama-initials akhe okuqala avela kumakhava e-Scherzo op. 4" kanye nengoma ethi "Buyela Ezweni Lomama".
Indlela yokudala yomqambi uJohannes Brahms
Ngo-1853, uBrahms wahlangana nomunye umqambi odumile, uRobert Schumann. Umlingisikazi wamncoma uJohannes, waze wabhala isibuyekezo ngaye, esangena ephephandabeni lendawo. Ngemva kokukhumbula, abaningi baqala ukuba nesithakazelo esikhulu emsebenzini wamaBrahms. Ngokunaka okwandayo ku-maestro, indalo yakhe yokuqala yaqala ukugxekwa.
Isikhathi esithile, waphoqeleka ukuba ayeke ukuboniswa kwezingoma zakhe. UJohannes waphendukela emsebenzini wekhonsathi osebenzayo. Ngokushesha umqambi wephula ukuthula kwakhe ngokushicilelwa kwe-sonatas nezingoma yinkampani yaseLeipzig i-Breitkopf & Härtel.
Ukwethulwa kwe-sonatas nezingoma kuhambisane nokwamukela okubandayo okuvela emphakathini. Okokuqala, ukwamukela okubandayo kwavunyelwa "ukwehluleka" kwamakhonsathi eBrahms ngo-1859. I-maestro ibambelele ekugcineni kwamandla ayo. Lapho, ngemva kochungechunge lwamakhonsathi angaphumelelanga, waya esiteji ukuze ethule indalo entsha, izethameli zagxeka ukusebenza kwakhe. Futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye indawo yekhonsathi.
Ukwamukela izithameli okunenzondo kwamthukuthelisa uBrahms. Wayefuna ukuziphindiselela kubagxeki nasemphakathini. Umqambi wajoyina ukwakheka okuthiwa "isikole esisha", esasiholwa uRichard Wagner noFranz Liszt.
Abaqambi okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla banikeze uJohannes ukwesekwa okufanele. Ngokushesha wathatha isikhundla sokuba umholi kanye nombhidisi esikoleni sokucula. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile wathuthela eBaden-Baden. Yilapho aqala khona umsebenzi wokuqanjwa okudumile, okuhlanganisa "i-Requiem yaseJalimane". Ngokungazelelwe uBrahms wazithola esesiqongweni sokuthandwa kwakhe.
Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, wethula iqoqo elithi "Imidanso yaseHungary", kanye neqoqo elihle lama-waltzes. On igagasi ukuthandwa, umqambi uqedele umsebenzi oqalwe ngaphambilini, kodwa hhayi imisebenzi eqediwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqambi ukhiphe amaphuzu we-cantata "Rinaldo", i-Symphony No. 1, ehlanganisa ingoma ethi "Lullaby".
Johannes Brahms njengomholi
Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Brahms wahola abadlali be-solo be-Vienna Musical Society. Ngenxa yamakhono akhe, uJohannes wahlela ikhonsathi, injongo yayo kwakuwukwethula indalo entsha engafi. Kweminye yale micimbi, "Ukuhlukahluka Kwendikimba kaHaydn", inani lama-quartet ephimbo kanye "Nezingoma Eziyisikhombisa Ze-Mixed Choir" zenziwa. Umqambi waduma ngale kweYurophu. Usewine imiklomelo eminingi nemiklomelo.
Ngawo-1890, ama-Brahms alinganiswa nomuntu wehlelo. Ngakho-ke, isinqumo u-maestro asenza ngemva kokuhlangana no-Johann Strauss II samangaza abaningi. Iqiniso liwukuthi uJohannes waqeda imisebenzi yakhe yokuqamba futhi wazibeka njengomqhubi nomdlali wopiyano. Ngokushesha washintsha isinqumo sakhe futhi waqala ukubhala izingoma ezingakaqedwa.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yomqambi odumile ayiphumelelanga. Wayenamanoveli amaningana angalibaleki. Kodwa, maye, lobu budlelwano abuzange bube bucayi. I-maestro ayizange ishade empilweni yakhe, ngakho-ke ayizange ishiye izindlalifa ngemuva kwakhe.
Wayenemizwa efudumele ngoClara Schumann. Kodwa lona wesifazane akazange alinge ukukuvuma lokhu, njengoba wayeshadile. Ngemva kokuba uClara engumfelokazi, uBrahms akazange eze ezombona. Wayengumuntu ovaliwe ongakwazi ukuveza imizwa yakhe.
Ngo-1859 wenza isiphakamiso ku-Agathe von Siebold. Intombazane yayimthanda kakhulu umqambi. Umqambi wayekhangwe izwi lakhe nemikhuba yokuhlonipha abantu. Kodwa umshado awuzange ube khona. Kuthiwa uClara umbambele uJohannes igqubu ngoba eshade nomunye. Lona wesifazane wasakaza amahlebezi ahlekisayo mayelana ne-maestro.
Igebe laletha uBrahms ubuhlungu obukhulu ngokwengqondo. Wangena wajula kwezakhe izinkinga. UJohannes wachitha isikhathi esiningi edlala izinsimbi zomculo. Ukuhlupheka ngokwengqondo kwaphefumulela i-maestro ukuthi ibhale izingoma eziningi zezingoma.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi uJohannes Brahms
- UBrahms wakhulela emndenini ompofu. Abazali bami babengenalo ngisho ikhaya. Naphezu kwalokhu, uJohannes wayengumntwana owamukelekayo. Wakhumbula ngenjabulo ebuntwaneni bakhe.
- Wayenenkinga yokubona eduze kodwa wenqaba ukufaka izibuko.
- Umqambi wabhala izingcezu zomculo ezingaphezu kuka-80.
- Ebusheni bakhe, uBrahms wanikezwa izinkambo zaseMelika. Kodwa wenqaba, engafuni ukuphazamisa izifundo ezengeziwe zobuciko bomculo eJalimane.
- Wakwazi ukusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomculo, ngaphandle kwe-opera.
iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila
Ngo-1896, umqambi kwatholakala ukuthi une-jaundice. Ngokushesha lesi sifo sanikeza inkinga ngesimo sesimila, esagcina sisabalala emzimbeni wonke. Naphezu kobuthakathaka bakhe obujwayelekile, uBrahms waqhubeka nokwenza esiteji nokuziphatha. Ngo-1897, ukusebenza kokugcina kwe-maestro kwenzeka. Ngo-April 3, 1897, wabulawa umdlavuza wesibindi. UJohannes wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseWiener Zentrafriedhof.
