U-Anton Rubinstein waduma njengomculi, umqambi kanye nombhidisi. Abantu bakithi abaningi abazange babone umsebenzi ka-Anton Grigorievich. Ukwazile ukuba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni komculo we-classic.
Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Anton wazalwa ngoNovemba 28, 1829 edolobhaneni elincane laseVykhvatynets. Wayevela emndenini wamaJuda. Ngemva kokuba wonke amalungu omndeni eguqukele e-Orthodoxy, athola ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuthuthela enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia. Edolobheni elikhulu, lo mndeni waze wavula ibhizinisi elincane elingenisa imali enhle.
Inhloko yomndeni yavula imboni encane yokukhiqiza izikhonkwane nezinto ezincane. Futhi umama wayematasa ekukhuliseni izingane.
Umama ka-Anton Rubinstein wayedlala upiyano kahle. Lapho eqaphela ukuthi umfana wayethanda insimbi yomculo, wanquma ukuthi aqale ukuqeqeshwa. Ngokushesha wabhalisa indodana yakhe ezifundweni zomculo ezizimele nothisha onethalente u-Alexander Ivanovich Villuan.
U-Rubinstein omncane ubonise ukudlala upiyano okuhle kakhulu. Kakade ngo-1839, u-Alexander wavumela umfundi onekhono ukukhuluma obala. Ngemva konyaka, u-Anton, esekelwa uthisha wakhe, waya eYurophu. Lapho wakhuluma nokhilimu womphakathi. Futhi wabonisa amakhono omculo embuthanweni wabaqambi abadumile njengoFranz Liszt noFrederic Chopin.
Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, umfana wabuyela kafushane ezweni lakubo. Ngemva kokuchitha isikhathi esithile ekhaya, waya eBerlin. Kwelinye izwe, u-Anton Grigorievich wathatha izifundo zomculo kuTheodor Kullak noSiegfried Dehn. Sonke lesi sikhathi, umculi wayesekelwa unina nomfowabo. Umama akakwazanga ukuthumela indodana yakhe yedwa kwelinye izwe, ngoba wayebheka u-Anton njengomuntu ondliwa nguye.
Ngemva konyaka, kwaziwa ukuthi inhloko yomndeni isishonile. Unina ka-Anton nomfowabo omdala baphoqeleka ukuba bahambe eBerlin. URubinstein waya endaweni yase-Austria. Ezweni langaphandle, waqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amakhono akhe ekhibhodi.
U-Anton Grigorievich akakuthandanga kakhulu lapho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, akazange afunde indlela yokuziphilisa. Kwakungenxa yalezi zizathu lapho waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye e-Austria futhi athuthele endlini kayise. Ngokushesha umqambi wathuthela enhloko-dolobha yamasiko yaseRussia. Petersburg, waqala ukufundisa.
Umsebenzi we-maestro u-Anton Rubinstein
Umculi waqashelwa ngokushesha emphakathini waseSt. Iqiniso liwukuthi uRubinstein wayevame ukukhuluma nomndeni wasebukhosini kanye nabanye osaziwayo. Ngenxa yokuthandwa kwakhe, u-Anton Grigorievich wahlangana namalungu omphakathi odumile wamasiko "Isandla Esinamandla".
Ngaphansi kwethonya lenhlangano, uRubinstein wazama isandla sakhe njengomqhubi. Ngo-1852 wethula i-opera ethi "Dmitry Donskoy" kubalandeli bomculo we-classic. I-opera yamukelwa ngemfudumalo hhayi izethameli kuphela, kodwa nangabagxeki bomculo abagunyaziwe.
Ngokushesha, umgcinimafa womculo we-maestro waphinde wagcwaliswa ngamanye ama-opera amaningi angafi. Emisebenzini ethulwa, umqambi wathinta ngenkuthalo izingqikithi nemiculo yabantu baseRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhloniphe izitayela ezintsha zomculo zaseNtshonalanga.
URubinstein wabe esezama ukwakha isikole esikhethekile. Wenza imizamo eminingana yokwakha isikhungo semfundo, kodwa ayizange iphumelele. Akekho owasekela u-Anton, ngakho washeshe wancama.
Ngaleso sikhathi, imisebenzi ye-maestro yayingafunwanga. Ayikho neyodwa yemidlalo yeshashalazi ekhona ebifuna ukudlala umdlalo wayo. Wayengenayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokuhlola ikhono lakhe lokuqamba phesheya. Ngokusekelwa umngane wakhe uLiszt phesheya, wenza i-opera Siberian Hunters. Uphinde waba nekhonsathi eyathatha amahora amaningi edolobheni laseLeipzig. Ukudlala komqambi waseRussia kwenza umbono omuhle kakhulu ezilalelini. Ngemva kwalokho, waya ohambweni lwaseYurophu.
Wahambela amazwe aseYurophu cishe iminyaka emine. Iqiniso lokuthi izethameli zanikeza uRubinstein ihlombe elimile laphefumulela umculi. Waqala ukusebenza ekwakhiweni kwama-opera amasha ngokuzinikela okukhulu nakakhulu.
Ukusungulwa komphakathi womculo
Njengoba esesezingeni eliphezulu lokuthandwa kwakhe, ukwazile ukunxenxa izikhulu eziphezulu ukuba zikhiphe imali yokwakha umphakathi womculo. Umqondo womphakathi wawuyimidlalo ehlelekile ye-symphony orchestra eholwa yi-maestro.
Wabe esehlela amakilasi okuqeqesha umculo. Kwabhaliswa abaculi abanesiphiwo lapho, ababengathuthukisa amakhono abo okudlala izinsimbi. Noma ubani angangena esikoleni. Isimo sasingenandaba.
Lapho inani labafundi landa, u-Anton Grigoryevich wavula indawo yokuqala yokugcina izingane yaseRussia eSt. URubinstein wathatha indawo yomqondisi, umqhubi nothisha.
Amalungu omphakathi "oMighty Handful" awazange asamukele ngokushesha isifiso somculi sokudala isikhungo semfundo yomculo. Kodwa ngokushesha basekela umuntu wakubo.
Egcekeni, umqondo wokudala isikhungo semfundo yomculo wamukelwa kabi kakhulu. Ngemva kokuba u-Anton Grigorievich ephikisana nomuntu ophakeme, washiya isikhundla somqondisi we-Conservatory. Ngo-1887 wabuya futhi waqondisa i-conservatory iminyaka elandelayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kulo nyaka umculi odumile waseRussia u-Repin ubonise u-Rubinstein ngesikhathi sakhe esithandayo sokuzilibazisa.
U-Anton Grigoryevich uthe, naphezu kokusebenza okuphawulekayo, noma yimuphi umculi ozihloniphayo kufanele athuthukise amakhono akhe nolwazi. Akagcinanga lapho, waqhubeka nokubhala ama-opera, ezothando nemidlalo yeshashalazi. Ekuqaleni kuka-1870, i-maestro yajabulisa abalandeli bomculo wakudala nge-opera ethi Idemoni. Umthombo walo kwakuwumsebenzi kaLermontov. Uchithe iminyaka eminingana elindile. URubinstein waphupha ukuthi i-opera yakhe izodlalwa eMariinsky Theatre.
Ngemuva kombukiso wokuqala, abagxeki abaningi nababukeli bomculo babengenandaba nokukhiqizwa. I-opera ayizange iwuhlabe umxhwele umphakathi. Kuphela ngemva kokufa kwe-maestro, lapho ingxenye eyinhloko yenziwa nguFedor Chaliapin, umsebenzi waba odumile. Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela, yadlalwa emazweni ahlukahlukene omhlaba.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi ethandwayo ye-maestro kukhona i-symphony "Ocean", i-oratorio "Christ" ne "Shulamiti". Kanye nama-operas: iNero, iMaccabees neFeramor.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu yomqambi u-Anton Rubinstein
U-Anton Grigoryevich wayengumuntu oyimfihlo, ngakho kwakuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nokuphila kwakhe siqu. Amaqiniso ayo ayinhloko ahlobene nePeterhof. Lapho waba nenhlanhla yokuhlangana nentombazane eyaba unkosikazi wakhe. Igama lomka-maestro kwakunguVera. Izingane ezintathu zazalwa emndenini. Umkhaya omkhulu wawuhlala endlini kanokusho, eyayiseduze kwaseSt. Unkosikazi wakwazi ukuba unkosikazi onothando hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi umngane Anton Grigorievich. Ugqugquzele i-maestro ukuthi ibhale imisebenzi ekhaliphile.
Esitezi sesibili sendlu kanokusho kwakuyihhovisi lika-Anton Grigoryevich, elalihlotshiswe ngendlela ayithandayo. Kwakukhona upiyano, usofa omncane futhi onethezekile ekamelweni. Izindonga zesifundo zazihlotshiswe ngezithombe zomndeni. Kuleli gumbi, uRubinstein waqamba ingoma ethi "The Chirping of Cicadas". Kanye nenani leminye imisebenzi eyayigcwele imisindo yemvelo.
Izivakashi ezidumile zazivame ukuza endlini yaseRubinstein. Umka-Anton Grigorievich wayengowesifazane ongenisa izihambi. Akazange avumele umyeni wakhe ukuba abe nesithukuthezi, eqoqa abangane bakhe abathandayo bomndeni ovelele endlini yakhe.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi u-Anton Rubinstein
- Umqambi wayazi ukuthi buyini ubumpofu nendlala. Lapho esedumile, akakhohlwanga ukusiza abaswele. Ngo-1893, eSt. Petersburg, waba nengxenye ekhonsathini yokusiza abantu abangaboni kahle.
- Ohambweni lwaseNyakatho Melika, wenze amakhonsathi angaphezu kuka-200.
- Ekhuluma nomndeni wombusi, u-maestro wakwazi ukujabulisa wonke amalungu omndeni. UNicholas ngangiwuthanda umdlalo onekhono wenkosi.
- Umsebenzi womculo "Merchant Kalashnikov", oqhutshwa ngu-Anton Grigoryevich, wavinjelwa izikhathi eziningana e-Russian Federation.
- Waklonyeliswa ngesicoco sokuba Isakhamuzi Esihloniphekile sasePeterhof.
Iminyaka Yokugcina Yempilo KaMaestro Anton Rubinstein
Ngo-1893, umqambi wabhekana nokushaqeka okunamandla ngokomzwelo. Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho eneminyaka engu-20, indodana yakhe encane yashona. Ngenxa yokucindezeleka okungapheli, wangenwa umkhuhlane. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, impilo kaRubinstein yawohloka kakhulu.
Ngemva konyaka, waqala ukusebenza ngokuzikhandla. Imithwalo yawuthinta nakakhulu umzimba wakhe. Odokotela beluleka i-maestro ukuthi icabange ngendlela yokuphila. URubinstein akazange alalele muntu.
Ekupheleni kwekwindla, u-Anton Grigorievich wayehlale esesimweni esijabulile. Inkinga yabhebhethekiswa ukuqwasha nobuhlungu engalweni yangakwesobunxele. Kusihlwa ngoNovemba 19, umculi wachitha nabangane bakhe, futhi ebusuku wagula. Ukhale ngokuphefumula kanzima. URubinstein wabambelela ngamandla akhe onke, kodwa walinda ukuthi odokotela bafike.
Lapho befika odokotela, odokotela bazama ukwenza konke ukuze bakhiphe i-maestro kwelinye izwe. Kodwa isimangaliso asenzekanga. Wafa ngoNovemba 20, 1894. Imbangela yokufa kwaba isifo senhliziyo esibuhlungu.
