U-Antonín Dvořák ungomunye wabaqambi abagqama kakhulu baseCzech abasebenze ohlotsheni lwe-romanticism. Emisebenzini yakhe, wakwazi ukuhlanganisa i-leitmotifs evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-classical, kanye nezici zendabuko zomculo kazwelonke. Akazange alinganiselwe ohlotsheni olulodwa, futhi wancamela ukuhlala evivinya umculo.
Ubuntwana
Umqambi ohlakaniphile wazalwa ngo-September 8, 1841 edolobhaneni lesifundazwe, elaliseduze nenqaba yaseNelahozeves. Bobabili abazali babengamaCzech. Babewazisa amasiko esizwe sezwe labo.
Inhloko yomndeni yayigcina ithaveni encane, futhi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, yayisebenza njengobhusha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lokhu akuzange kumvimbele ukuba afunde ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo eziningana. Kamuva, wethula nendodana yakhe emculweni.
U-Antonin wakhula njengomfana olalelayo futhi othobekile. Wayehlale ezama ukusiza abazali bakhe ekuthuthukiseni ibhizinisi lomndeni. Nokho, umoya wakhe wawudonsela emculweni. Lapho umfana eya ebangeni loku-1, abazali bakhe nabo baba nesandla ekutheni wazi kahle izinto eziyisisekelo zokufunda umculo.
Imfundo yomculo ka-Antonin yayiphethwe nguJosef Spitz. Iminyaka embalwa kuphela yayanele ukuba umfana akwazi ukudlala ivayolini. Kamuva, uzojabulisa izivakashi zethaveni kayise ngokudlala kwakhe okunekhono. Ngezinye izikhathi wayebamba iqhaza ekuhleleni imicimbi yesonto lemikhosi.
Intsha ye-Maestro Antonín Dvořák
Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni, wathunyelwa edolobheni Zlonitsy. Inhloko yomndeni ibifuna indodana yayo ilandele ezinyathelweni zayo, yabe seyiyalela ukuthi ifundele ubuchwephesha benyama. Phakathi nezifundo zakhe, u-Antonin wayehlala nomalume wakhe. Wathumela umfana esikoleni, lapho afunda khona isiJalimane. U-Dvorak waba nenhlanhla ngoba u-Kantor Antonin Leman waba uthisha wekilasi lakhe. Ngokubukeka kochwepheshe, wamazisa umfana, wabe esemfundisa ukudlala i-organ nopiyano.
Akazange ahlehle emculweni nokufunda. Ngokushesha wakwazi ukuthola incwadi yokusebenza njengomfundi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi wonke umndeni wawusuthuthele endaweni yokuhlala unomphela eZlonitsy. U-Antonin ngokwakhe wathunyelwa ukuba aqhubeke nezifundo zakhe eKamenets. Emva kwalokho, inhlanhla yamoyizela. Waba umfundi wesikole sezitho ePrague.
Ngokushesha wathola isikhundla sokuba i-ogani esontweni. Umsebenzi omusha wamkhuthaza ukuba afunde imisebenzi yabaqambi abadumile. Kwabe sekufika umqondo wokuthi yena ngokwakhe angathuthukisa ithalente lomqambi kuye.
Indlela yokudala nomculo womqambi u-Antonín Dvořák
Ngemva kokufunda esikhungweni semfundo, wanquma ukungayishiyi iPrague. Wathatha isikhundla se-violist e-Karel Komzak chapel, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-10 - umculi we-orchestra ye "Provisional Theatre". Ube nelungelo lokwethula emphakathini inqwaba yezingoma zikaLiszt, uWagner, uBerlioz noGlinka.
Ngokushesha wakhangwa isifiso sokudala i-opera, futhi ngenxa yalokho wasula yaseshashalazini. Wachitha isikhathi esiningi ekudaleni umsebenzi othi "Inkosi kanye noMvukuzi wamalahle". Ukwethulwa kwe-opera kwenzeka ngo-1874.
Umsebenzi womqambi wezimfundamakhwela wemukelwe ngemfudumalo ngumphakathi. Ukuduma obekulindelwe isikhathi eside kwehlela ku-Antonin. Eqhulwini lempumelelo, wethula inqwaba yamanye ama-opera aphumelele ngokulinganayo. Sikhuluma ngezingoma: "Wanda", "Inkani", "Umlimi Ohlakaniphile".
Ukukhuphuka kwemizwa kwathathelwa indawo yi-melancholy. Kwafika isikhathi lapho u-Dvorak engazange afike ekudaleni. Iqiniso liwukuthi izingane ezintathu zashona phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Uthululele lonke usizi lwesimo emaqandeni akhe. Babegcwele umunyu nosizi.
Ukuduma komqambi u-Antonín Dvořák
Kuphela ngo-1878 wakwazi ukubhekana nokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Umkakhe wamnika ingane. Kwakungenxa yalo mcimbi lapho u-Dvorak ekwazile ukucula nokushintsha indlela yokwakha imisebenzi emisha.
Ngalesi sikhathi, omunye wabashicileli bomculo uyala iqoqo lemidlalo ethi "Imidanso YamaSlavic" kumqambi. Ngemva kokushicilelwa komsebenzi, abagxeki bomculo banikeza i-maestro ihlombe elimile. Abalandeli bathenge umculo weshidi, futhi ama-oda amasha avela kumshicileli.
Wayeseqophelweni eliphezulu lokuthandwa kwakhe. Amaphephandaba abhale ngaye, okube nesandla ekutheni ikhonsathi ebikhona ngalesi sikhathi ibibanjelwe ehholo eligcwele. Babengafuni ukuvumela u-Antonin ashiye isiteji.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wakhethwa njengelungu lenhlangano yeCraftsman's Conversation. Ngokushesha wahola isiqondiso sale nyunyana. I-maestro yaqala ukusebenza njengejaji emiqhudelwaneni yomculo ehlonishwayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, cishe ayikho ikhonsathi engayenza ngaphandle kokusebenza kwemisebenzi yakhe ehlakaniphile. Babethakaselwa. Wayekhulekelwa.
Ngo-1901, kwenzeka esinye isenzakalo esibalulekile. UMaestro wethula i-opera ethi "Mermaid" kubalandeli bomsebenzi wakhe. Kuze kube manje, lo msebenzi ubhekwa cishe njengempahla ebaluleke kakhulu yomqambi.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, impilo yomculi yaqala ukuwohloka. Akakwazanga ukugxila ekuqambeni izingoma. Umsebenzi wokugcina ka-Antonin kwakungu-Armida.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu yomqambi
Ngo-1873, umqambi wabhalisa ubuhlobo nowesifazane okuthiwa u-Anna Chermakova. Wayenozalo oluhle kakhulu. U-Anna wayeyindodakazi yomcwecwe ohlonishwayo.
Ukuphila komuntu siqu kwe-maestro kwaba yimpumelelo kakhulu. Okuwukuphela kwe-caveat ukuthi u-Antonin akakwazanga ukuthuthukisa isimo sakhe sezezimali isikhathi eside. Izingane zazalwa ngokushesha emndenini, futhi-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwanda kanye nalokhu.
Lapho umndeni usuphukile, i-maestro yaphoqeleka ukuthi ifake isicelo somfundaze wabaculi abahola kancane. Kamuva, wabizelwa ejensi kahulumeni, lapho yena, ukuze aqinisekise umsebenzi wakhe wokudala, wadlala izingoma eziningana.
Ekugcineni, wanikezwa usizo, futhi kwaba usizo kakhulu, njengoba izingane zazifa zilandelana phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngenhlanhla, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isimo sezimali somkhaya saba ngcono, futhi bakwazi ukuphila ngendlela evamile.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ne-maestro
- Wayethobekile futhi ethembekile. Wayekhululekile ngokuhamba emvelweni. Izindawo ezinhle zigqugquzele i-maestro ukuthi iqambe imisebenzi emisha.
- I-Dvořák iyisibongo esivame kakhulu e-Czech Republic.
- Kukhona imnyuziyamu ePrague enikezelwe kumqambi okhaliphile.
- Wayenenkani kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-opera ethi The King and the Coal Miner, wayiphinda izikhathi eziningana.
- "Inkosi neCollier" yadlalwa izikhathi eziningana ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini yasePrague, kodwa kwezinye izinkundla zeshashalazi ayizange yenzeke.
Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo ka-Antonín Dvořák
Wafa ngoMeyi 1, 1904. Ukufa kwehlela i-maestro ngenxa yokopha ebuchosheni. Isidumbu somqambi sangcwatshwa ePrague. Ifa elicebile lika-Antonin alinikezi umphakathi ithuba lokukhohlwa nge-maestro enkulu. Namuhla, imisebenzi yakhe engafi ayizwakali kuphela ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, kodwa nase-cinema yesimanje.
