Umqambi nomculi odumile wengxenye yokuqala yekhulu le-XNUMX wakhunjulwa umphakathi ngekhonsathi yakhe ethi "Izinkathi Ezine". I-biography yokudala ka-Antonio Vivaldi yayigcwele izikhathi ezikhumbulekayo ezibonisa ukuthi wayengumuntu onamandla futhi oguquguqukayo.
Ubuntwana nobusha u-Antonio Vivaldi
I-maestro edumile yazalwa ngo-March 4, 1678 e-Venice. Inhloko yomndeni yayingumgundi wezinwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wafundela umculo. Umama wazinikela ekukhuliseni izingane. Ubaba wayenevayolini, ngakho wafundela indodana yakhe umculo kusukela isencane.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi yilokhu - u-Antonio wazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Umbelethisi owabelethisa umntwana weluleka owesifazane ukuba abhapathize umntwana ngokushesha. Amathuba okuthi ingane iphile ayemancane.
Ngokusho kwenganekwane, ingane esanda kuzalwa yavela ngaphambi kosuku olubekiwe ngenxa yokuthi kwaqala ukuzamazama komhlaba edolobheni. Umama wenza isifungo sokuthi nakanjani indodana yakhe uzoyinikela kubefundisi uma isindile. Kwenzeka isimangaliso. Umfana walulama nakuba engakaze abe nempilo enhle.
Kamuva kwavela ukuthi uVivaldi uphethwe isifuba somoya. Kwakunzima kuye ukuhambahamba, ingasaphathwa eyokuzikhandla ngokomzimba. Umfana wayefuna ukufunda ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo ezifuthwayo, kodwa amakilasi ayenqatshelwe kuye. Ngenxa yalokhu, uVivaldi wathatha i-violin, engazange ayidedele kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. Kakade ebusheni, ithalenta elincane lathatha indawo kayise eSt Mark's Chapel.
Kusukela eneminyaka engu-13 waphila impilo yokuzimela. Waqala ukuziphilisa. UVivaldi uthole umsebenzi wokuba ngunozinti. Wavula wavala amasango ethempeli. Wabe eseqhubekela ezikhundleni eziphakeme kakhulu ethempelini. Osemusha wakhonza iMisa kanye kuphela. Wavunyelwa ukuba afundele umculo, njengoba impilo yakhe engokomzimba yayishiya ingathandeki.
Lesi sikhathi saphawulwa yiqiniso lokuthi abapristi babekwazi ukuhlanganisa ngokukhululekile inkonzo yeNkosi nokubhalwa kwezingoma namakhonsathi emvelo yenkolo. Ngekhulu le-XVIII, iRiphabhulikhi yaseVenetian cishe yayiyinhloko-dolobha yamasiko omhlaba. Kulapha lapho kwadalwa khona imisebenzi ebeka ithoni yomculo we-classical emhlabeni jikelele.
Indlela yokudala yomqambi u-Antonio Vivaldi
Kakade eneminyaka engu-20, uVivaldi wayengumculi onegunya nomqambi wemisebenzi ehlakaniphile. Igunya lakhe lalilikhulu kangangokuthi lapho eneminyaka engu-25 wathatha isikhundla sokuba uthisha e-Ospedale della Pietà. Ngekhulu le-XNUMX, ama-conservatories ayeyizintandane lapho izintandane zazifunda futhi zihlala khona.
Izikole zamantombazane ezikhethekile ekufundiseni isintu. Lapho, banaka kakhulu ukutadisha ukuqanjwa komculo nokucula. Abafana babelungiselelwa ukuthi ngemva kokuphothula iziqu bazosebenza njengabahwebi, ngakho bafundiswa isayensi eqondile.
U-Antonio wafundisa izigceme zakhe ukudlala ivayolini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-maestro ibhale amakhonsathi ekwaya nezingoma zamaholide esonto. Yena mathupha wafundisa amantombazane amazwi. Ngokushesha wathatha indawo yomqondisi we-conservatory. Umqambi ubefanelwe yilesi sikhundla. Wanikela ngakho konke ekufundiseni. Phakathi neminyaka yokusebenza kanzima, uVivaldi waqamba amakhonsathi angaphezu kuka-60.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-maestro yaduma kakhulu ngaphesheya kwemingcele yezwe lakubo. Wenza eFrance ngo-1706, futhi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva inkosi yaseDenmark uFrederick IV yalalela i-oratorio yomculi. Umbusi wahlabeka umxhwele ngokudlala kwe-maestro. U-Vivaldi unikezele ama-sonatas angu-12 ajabulisayo kuFrederick.
Ngo-1712, uVivaldi wahlangana nomqambi owaziwa ngokulinganayo uGottfried Stölzel. Wathuthela eMantua ngo-1717. U-maestro wamukela isimemo esivela kunkosana ehloniphekile uFiliphu waseHesse-Darmstadt, owayewuthanda kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe.
Ugqozi olusha
Umqambi wandisa ulwazi lwakhe futhi waqala ukuba nesithakazelo kuyi-opera yezwe. Ngokushesha wethula emphakathini i-opera ethi Otto e-Villa, eyatusa i-maestro hhayi kuphela kumbuthano wabaqambi. Umsebenzi wakhe waqala ukuba nesithakazelo emibuthanweni elite. Waqashelwa yi-impresario kanye nabaxhasi. Futhi ngokushesha wathola umyalelo kumnikazi San Angelo Theatre ukudala opera entsha.
Ababhali bomlando wokuphila kwabo bathi umqambi walo mculo wabhala ama-opera angu-90, kodwa asekhona angama-40 kuphela.
Ngemva kokwethulwa kwama-opera amaningi, uVivaldi wathola impumelelo emangalisayo. Ngeshwa, akazange ageze emisebeni yenkazimulo isikhathi eside. Akazange athathelwe indawo yizithixo ezintsha. Izingoma ze-maestro zavele zaphuma emfashinini.
Ngo-1721 wavakashela insimu yaseMilan. Lapho wethula idrama ethi "Sylvia". Ngemva konyaka, i-maestro yethula umphakathi enye i-oratorio ngendikimba yeBhayibheli. Kusukela ngo-1722 kuya ku-1725 wayehlala eRoma. Umqambi wenza ngaphambi kukaPapa. Ngaleso sikhathi, akuwona wonke umqambi owanikezwa udumo olunjalo. Ezincwadini zakhe, uVivaldi wakhumbula ngokufudumele ngalesi sikhathi.
Isiqongo Sokuduma kuka-Antonio Vivaldi
Ngo-1723-1724. wabhala amakhonsathi adume kakhulu ahlonishwa ngawo emhlabeni wonke. Sikhuluma ngengoma ethi "Izinkathi Ezine". Izingoma ezizinikele ebusika, intwasahlobo, ihlobo nekwindla. Kwakuyila makhonsathi abe umvuthwandaba womsebenzi we-maestro. Imvelo yoguquko yemisebenzi ilele eqinisweni lokuthi umlaleli ngendlebe ubamba ngokucacile ezingomeni ukubonakaliswa kwezinqubo kanye nezigigaba ezitholakala enkathini ethile yonyaka.
U-Vivaldi wavakashela izindawo eziningi. Ngokushesha wavakashela isigodlo sikaCharles VI. Umbusi wayewuthanda umculo womqambi, ngakho wayefuna ngempela ukumazi. Ngokumangalisayo, kwakukhona amakhonsathi anobungane phakathi kwenkosi noVivaldi. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, uMaestro wayevame ukuvakashela isigodlo sikaCharles.
Ukuthandwa kukaVivaldi eVenice kwehla ngokushesha, okungenakushiwo ngeYurophu. Ezweni laseYurophu, isithakazelo emsebenzini we-maestro saqala ukukhula. Wayeyisivakashi esamukelekile kuzo zonke izigodlo.
Wachitha iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe ebumpofu. U-Vivaldi waphoqeleka ukuthi athengise imisebenzi yakhe ekhazimulayo ngesenti. E-Venice, wayekhunjulwa ngezikhathi ezingavamile. Ekhaya, akekho owayenesithakazelo emsebenzini wakhe, ngakho wathuthela eVienna, ngaphansi kwephiko lomxhasi wakhe uCharles VI.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu
UVivaldi wayengumfundisi. Umculi wenza isifungo sokungashadi, asigcina kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Naphezu kwalokhu, akakwazanga ukumelana nobuhle besifazane kanye nokukhangayo. Ngesikhathi esafundisa e-conservatory, wabonakala ebuhlotsheni no-Anna Giraud nodadewabo uPaolina.
Wayenguthisha kanye nomeluleki ka-Anna. Intombazane yakhanga ukunaka kwe-maestro hhayi ngobuhle bayo kuphela, kodwa futhi namakhono akhe aqinile ezwi kanye namakhono okudlala emvelo. I-maestro yambhalela izingxenye zezwi ezinhle kakhulu. Umbhangqwana wachitha isikhathi esiningi ndawonye. UVivaldi waze wavakashela no-Anna ezweni lakubo.
Udadewabo ka-Anna, uPaolina, wabona eVivaldi cishe uNkulunkulu. Wamkhonza. Futhi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe waba umhlengikazi wakhe. Njengoba impilo yomqambi yayibuthakathaka, wayedinga ukusekelwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Wamsiza ukuba abhekane nobuthakathaka obungokomzimba. Abefundisi abaphakeme abakwazanga ukuthethelela uVivaldi ngobuhlobo bakhe nabameleli ababili bobulili obubuthakathaka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Wayenqatshelwe ukucula emasontweni.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ne-maestro u-Antonio Vivaldi
- Ezithombeni eziningi, u-Vivaldi wabanjwa ngewigi emhlophe. I-maestro yayinezinwele ezibomvu.
- Ababhali bomlando wokuphila komuntu abakwazi ukusho usuku oluqondile umqambi aqamba ngalo umsebenzi wokuqala. Ngokunokwenzeka, lesi senzakalo senzeke lapho uVivaldi eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala.
- Lo mculi ulahlwe yicala lokukhwabanisa ama-ducats angu-30 egolide. Umqambi kwadingeka athenge i-harpsichord ye-conservatory futhi wathola ama-ducat angu-60 ukuze athenge. Wathenga insimbi yomculo ngemali encane, wabe esehlanganyela enye imali.
- U-Vivaldi wayenezwi elimangalisayo. Akagcinanga ngokudlala umculo, kodwa ubebuye acule.
- Wethula uhlobo lwekhonsathi yevayolini ne-orchestra, kanye namavayolini amabili namane.
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kuka-Antonio Vivaldi
I-maestro ehlonishwayo yafa ngobumpofu obuphelele endaweni yaseVienna. Washona ngoJulayi 28, 1741. Yonke impahla ayeyitholile yathathwa ngenxa yezikweletu. Isidumbu somqambi singcwatshwe emathuneni lapho abampofu bephumula khona.
