U-Bob Dylan ungomunye wabantu abakhulu bomculo we-pop e-United States. Akayena nje kuphela umculi, umbhali wamaculo, kodwa futhi ungumculi, umbhali nomlingisi wamafilimu. Umculi wayebizwa ngokuthi "izwi lesizukulwane."
Mhlawumbe yingakho engalihlanganisi igama lakhe nomculo wanoma yisiphi isizukulwane. Njengoba "eseqhume" emculweni wesintu ngeminyaka yawo-1960, akazange nje azame ukudala umculo omnandi, obuhlungu. Kodwa futhi wayefuna ukudala ukuqwashisa kwezenhlalo nezombusazwe ngamazwi akhe.
Wayeyisihlubuki sangempela. Lo mculi wayengeyena umuntu owayehambisana nemikhuba ekhona yomculo owawudumile ngesikhathi sakhe. Wanquma ukuwuvivinya umculo wakhe nezosha zakhe. Futhi wenza izinguquko ezinhlotsheni ezinjengomculo we-pop nomculo wesintu. Umsebenzi wakhe wawuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zomculo - blues, country, gospel, folk kanye ne-rock and roll.
Umculi onethalente ubuye abe ngumdlali wezinsimbi eziningi okwazi ukudlala isiginci, amakhibhodi kanye ne-harmonica. Ungumculi owenza izinto eziningi. Igalelo lakhe elibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni womculo lithathwa njengokubhala izingoma.
Ezingomeni, umculi uthinta izindaba zomphakathi, ezombusazwe noma zefilosofi. Lo mculi ubuye ajabulele ukudweba kanti umsebenzi wakhe ukhonjiswe ezindlini zobuciko ezinkulu.
Impilo yokuqala kaBob Dylan kanye nomsebenzi wakhe wokuqala
Umculi we-Folk rock nombhali wengoma uBob Dylan wazalwa ngoMeyi 24, 1941 eDuluth, eMinnesota. Abazali bakhe u-Abrama noBeatrice Zimmerman. Igama langempela lomculi nguRobert Allen Zimmerman. Yena nomfowabo omncane uDavid bakhulela emphakathini waseHibbing. Lapho waphothula eHibbing High School ngo-1959.
Ethonywe izihlabani ze-rock ezinjengo-Elvis Presley, uJerry Lee Lewis kanye no-Little Richard (abamlingisa upiyano phakathi nezinsuku zakhe zesikole), uDylan osemusha wasungula amabhendi akhe. Laba ngamaGold Chords neqembu ayelihola ngaphansi kwegama elingu-Elston Gunn. Ngenkathi efunda eNyuvesi yaseMinnesota, waqala ukucula izingoma zesintu nezezwe ezindaweni zokudlela zaseBob Dylan.
Ngo-1960, uBob washiya ikolishi futhi wathuthela eNew York. Isithixo sakhe kwakungumculi wesintu odumile uWoody Guthrie. UWoody ulaliswe esibhedlela enesifo esingajwayelekile sofuzo sesimiso sezinzwa.
Wayehlala evakashela uGuthrie ekamelweni lasesibhedlela. Umdwebi ubambe iqhaza njalo kumakilabhu ezinganekwane nasezindlini zekhofi eGreenwich Village. Wahlangana nabanye abaculi abaningi. Futhi waqala ukubhala izingoma ngesivinini esimangalisayo, kuhlanganise ne-Woody's Song (ukuhlonipha iqhawe lakhe eligulayo).
Inkontileka ne-Columbia Records
Ekwindla ka-1961, enye yezinkulumo zakhe yathola ukubukezwa okujabulisayo kuyi-New York Times. Wabe esesayina neColumbia Records. Wabe eseshintsha isibongo sakhe waba nguDylan.
I-albhamu yokuqala, eyakhululwa ekuqaleni kuka-1962, yayihlanganisa amathrekhi angu-13. Kodwa amabili kuphela awo ayengowokuqala. Umdwebi ubonise izwi elinzima ezingomeni zomdabu zendabuko kanye nezinguqulo zekhava yezingoma ze-blues.
UDylan uqhamuke njengelinye lamazwi asekuqaleni nasankondlo emlandweni womculo odumile waseMelika ku-The Freewheelin 'Bob Dylan (1963). Iqoqo lihlanganisa izingoma zomdabu ezimbili ezikhumbuleka kakhulu zango-1960. Liyaphephetha' Emoyeni kanye ne-a-Gonna Fall yemvula Enzima.
I-albhamu ye-Times Are a-Changin' yasungula uDylan njengombhali wengoma wenhlangano yokubhikisha yama-1960s. Isithunzi sakhe saba ngcono ngemuva kokuxhumana noJoan Baez ("isithonjana" esidumile senhlangano) ngo-1963.
Nakuba ubuhlobo bakhe bothando noBaez bathatha iminyaka emibili kuphela. Zibe yinzuzo enkulu kubo bobabili abaculi mayelana nemisebenzi yabo yomculo. UDylan wabhala ezinye zezinto zika-Baez ezaziwa kakhulu, futhi wazethula ezinkulungwaneni zabalandeli emakhonsathini.
Ngo-1964, uDylan wenza imibukiso engu-200 ngonyaka. Kodwa usekhathele ukuba ngumculi-umbhali wezingoma zombutho wokubhikisha. I-albhamu, eyaqoshwa ngo-1964, yayingumuntu siqu. Bekuyiqoqo lezingoma ezicatshangelwayo, ezinecala elincane ngokwepolitiki kunangaphambili.
Bob Dylan ngemva kwengozi
Ngo-1965, uDylan uqophe i-albhamu ethi Bringing It All Back Home. NgoJulayi 25, 1965, wenza umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala kagesi eNewport Folk Festival.
I-Highway 61 Revisited yakhululwa ngo-1965. Ihlanganise nokwakhiwa kwedwala njenge-Rolling Stone kanye ne-albhamu ephindwe kabili ethi Blonde on Blonde (1966). Ngezwi lakhe namazwi angalibaleki, uDylan wahlanganisa umhlaba womculo nezincwadi.
UDylan waqhubeka nokuzivuselela emashumini amathathu eminyaka alandelayo. NgoJulayi 1966, ngemva kwengozi yesithuthuthu, uDylan walulama cishe unyaka eyedwa.
I-albhamu elandelayo, uJohn Wesley Harding, yakhululwa ngo-1968. Kwalandela inhlanganisela ethi All Along the Watchtower neNashville Skyline (1969), Self-portrait (1970) neTarantula (1971).
Ngo-1973, uDylan wadlala ifilimu ethi "Pat Garrett noBilly the Kid" eqondiswa nguSam Peckinpah. Umculi uphinde wabhala ingoma yefilimu. Ibe yingoma eshisa izikhotha futhi yafaka i-Knockin' yakudala ku-Heaven's Door.
Uhambo Lokuqala Nenkolo
Ngo-1974, uDylan waqala uhambo lokuqala olugcwele kusukela kwenzeka ingozi. Wadabula izwe lonke neqembu lakhe eliyisipele. Inhlanganisela ayiqopha neqembu iPlanet Waves yaba i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala engu-#1 emlandweni.
Lo mculi wabe esekhipha icwecwe elidumile elithi, Blood on the Tracks and Desire (1975). Ngamunye wathatha indawo yokuqala. Inhlanganisela ye-Desire ibihlanganisa neculo elithi Hurricane, elibhalwe ngomshayisibhakela uRubin Carter (oteketiswa ngelikaSiphepho). Walahlwa ngokungafanele ngecala lokubulala kathathu ngo-1. Icala likaCarter laholela ekubeni liqulwe kabusha ngo-1966, lapho elahlwa yicala futhi.
Ngemva kokuhlukana okubuhlungu nomkakhe uSarah Lownds, ingoma ethi "Sarah" yakhululwa. Kwakuwumzamo kaDylan obuhlungu kodwa ongaphumelelanga wokubuyisela uSarah. UDylan waphinde wazitholela ngokwakhe, ememezela ngo-1979 ukuthi wazalwa engumKristu.
Ingoma ethi Evangelical Arrival of the Slow Train yayiyingoma yokuhweba. Ngenxa yokuqamba, uDylan wathola indondo yokuqala ye-Grammy. Ukuvakasha nama-albhamu kube yimpumelelo encane. Futhi ukuthambekela kwenkolo kaDylan ngokushesha kwaba kancane kancane emculweni wakhe. Ngo-1982, wangeniswa eHholo Lodumo Lababhali Bezingoma.
Inkanyezi ye-Rock uBob Dylan
Kusukela ngawo-1980s, uDylan wayevakashela u-Tom Petty kanye ne-Heartbreakers kanye ne-Grateful Dead. Ama-albhamu aphawulekayo kusukela kulesi sikhathi: Infidels (1983), Five-Disc Retrospective Biography (1985), Knocked Out (1986). Futhi futhi Oh Mercy (1989), eyaba yiqoqo elihle kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Uqophe ama-albhamu amabili ne-Travel Wilburys. Futhi abathintekayo: uGeorge Harrison, uRoy Orbison, uTom Petty noJeff Lynne. Ngo-1994, uDylan uthole indondo ye-Grammy ye-Best Traditional Folk Album ye-World Gone Wrong.
Ngo-1989, uDylan wamenywa e-Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Futhi uBruce Springsteen ukhulume emcimbini. Umdwebi uthe "uBob ukhulule ingqondo ngendlela u-Elvis akhulula ngayo umzimba. Wakha indlela entsha yokuzwakala njengomculi we-pop, wanqoba imingcele yalokho umculi angakufeza, futhi washintsha ubuso be-rock and roll unomphela. Ngo-1997, uDylan waba inkanyezi yokuqala ye-rock ukuthola i-Kennedy Center Honorary Badge of Honor. Bekuyindondo ephakeme kunazo zonke ezweni yokuvelela kwezobuciko.
Ngenxa ye-albhamu ethi Time Out of Mind kaDylan (1997), umculi uthole izindondo ezintathu zeGrammy. Waqhubeka nokuvakasha ngamandla, okuhlanganisa nokudlala ngo-1997 kaPapa John Paul II. Kuwo ubedlala indawo ethi Knocking on the Heavenly. Futhi ngo-1999, umculi wahamba noPaul Simon.
Ngo-2000, waqopha ingoma eyodwa ethi "Izinto Zishintshile" yomsindo wefilimu ethi Wonder Boys, edlalwa uMichael Douglas. Ingoma iwine i-Golden Globe kanye ne-Oscar yeNgoma Yoqobo Engcono Kakhulu.
UDylan wabe esethatha ikhefu ukuze axoxele ngempilo yakhe. Ekwindla ka-2004, umculi wakhulula incwadi ethi Chronicles: Volume One.
UDylan kwaxoxwa naye okokuqala eminyakeni engu-20 yedokhumentari Ayikho Indawo Enikezwe (2005). Umqondisi kwakunguMartin Scorsese.
Umsebenzi wakamuva kanye nemiklomelo
Ngo-2006, uDylan wakhipha i-albhamu yesitudiyo i-Modern Times, eya phezulu kumashadi. Bekuyinhlanganisela yama-blues, izwe kanye nabantu, futhi i-albhamu yanconywa ngomsindo wayo ocebile nesithombe.
UDylan waqhubeka nokuvakasha phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu lama-2009. Ukhiphe i-albhamu yesitudiyo Together Through Life ngo-Ephreli XNUMX.
Ngo-2010, wakhipha i-albhamu ye-bootleg ethi The Witmark Demos. Kwalandelwa isethi yebhokisi elisha, u-Bob Dylan: The Original Mono Recordings. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabonisa imidwebo yokuqala engu-40 yombukiso ohamba yedwa eNational Gallery yaseDenmark. Ngo-2011, umculi wakhipha enye i-albhamu ebukhoma, In Concert - Brandeis University 1963. Futhi ngo-September 2012, wakhulula i-albhamu entsha yesitudiyo, i-Tempest. Ngo-2015, kwakhululwa i-albhamu yekhava ethi Shadows in the Night.
I-albhamu ye-Fallen Angels yesi-37
Ngemva konyaka, uDylan wakhulula i-albhamu yesitudiyo yama-37 ethi Fallen Angels. Ihlanganisa izingoma zakudala ezivela ku-Great American Songbook. Futhi ngo-2017, umculi wakhipha i-albhamu yesitudiyo enama-disc amathathu i-Triplicate. Ihlanganisa izingoma ezingu-30 ezenziwe kabusha. Futhi: Isimo Sezulu Esinesivunguvungu, Njengoba Isikhathi Sihamba Futhi Okungcono Kakhulu Kuqhubeka.
Ngemva kwemiklomelo ye-Grammy, i-Academy kanye ne-Golden Globe, u-Dylan uthole indondo ye-Presidential Medal of Freedom kuMongameli u-Barack Obama ngo-2012. Ngomhla ziyi-13 kuMfumfu, 2016, umculi-umbhali wengoma odumile naye uthole uMklomelo KaNobel ku-Literature.
U-Bob Dylan unconywe kakhulu yi-Swedish Academy ngokudala izinkulumo ezintsha ezisankondlo kusiko olukhulu lwengoma yaseMelika.
UDylan ubuyile ngoNovemba 2017 ngokukhululwa kwe-Trouble No More - The Bootleg Series Vol. 13/1979-1981. Kwamenyezelwa ukuthi isitudiyo sakhe esidala sokuqopha eGreenwich Village (Manhattan) sesivulwe kabusha. Kwakuyisakhiwo esinezindlu zikanokusho ezinezindlu zokuhlala ezitholakalayo ngemali ephansi engu-$12 ngenyanga. Ngemva kwalokho, umnyango wegumbi lakhe ehhotela lase-Chelsea wathengiswa endalini nge-$500.
Ngo-2018, uDylan wayengomunye wabaculi abavezwe kumathrekhi angu-6 we-EP Universal Love: Izingoma Zomshado Ezicatshangwe Kabusha, iqoqo lakudala elivela ezinkathini ezahlukene. UDylan ushaye amahithi anjengalawa: Intombi Yami kanye Nethi And Then He Kissed Me (1929).
Ngawo lowo nyaka, umbhali wengoma uphinde wakhulula uhlobo lwe-whisky lwe-Heaven's Door Spirits. I-Heaven Hill Distillery imangalelwe ngokwephula uphawu lwentengiso.
Ukuphila komuntu siqu
Umdwebi ujola no-Joan Baez. Kwathi ngomculi nomculi wevangeli uMavis Staples, wayefuna ukumshada. Lo mculi akakaze akhulume ngamantombazane esidlangalaleni. UDylan washada noLownds ngo-1965, kodwa bahlukanisa ngo-1977.
Babenabantwana abane: uJessie, u-Anna, uSamuweli noJakobe. Futhi uJakobe waba ngumculi weqembu elidumile le-rock i-Wallflowers. UDylan uphinde wathola indodakazi, uMaria, emshadweni wangaphambili kaLounds.
Lapho engenzi umculo, uDylan wahlola amakhono akhe njengomculi obonakalayo. Imidwebo yakhe ivele kumakhava ama-albhamu i-Self Portrait (1970) kanye nePlanet of the Waves (1974). Ushicilele izincwadi ezimbalwa ngemidwebo yakhe nemidwebo. Uphinde waveza umsebenzi wakhe emhlabeni wonke.
Bob Dylan namuhla
Ngokokuqala ngqa eminyakeni engu-8, u-Bob Dylan wodumo wethula i-LP yakhe entsha ethi Rough and Rowdy Ways kubalandeli. Iqoqo lithole izibuyekezo eziningi ezinhle ezivela kubalandeli. Kurekhodi, umculi "udweba" ngekhono izindawo. I-albhamu ibihlanganisa ababhali bezingoma abangabaculi uFiona Apple noBlake Mills.
