UCarl Orff waduma njengomqambi nomculi okhaliphile. Wakwazi ukuqamba imisebenzi okulula ukuyilalela, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingoma zigcinwe yinkimbinkimbi kanye nemvelaphi. "UCarmina Burana" ngumsebenzi odume kakhulu we-maestro. UKarl wakhuthaza ukuhambisana kwemidlalo yeshashalazi nomculo.
Waduma hhayi kuphela njengomqambi ohlakaniphile, kodwa futhi njengomfundisi. Wazakhela eyakhe indlela yokufundisa, eyayisekelwe ekuthuthukisweni.
Ubuntwana nobusha
Wazalelwa endaweni yaseMunich enemibalabala, ngoJulayi 10, 1895. Igazi lamaJuda laligeleza emithanjeni ye-maestro. Waba nenhlanhla ngokukhulela emndenini ohlakaniphe kakhulu.
Ama-Orff ayengenandaba nobuciko. Umculo wawuvame ukudlalwa endlini yabo. Inhloko yomndeni yayinezinsimbi zomculo eziningana. Yiqiniso, wabelana ngolwazi lwakhe nezingane. Umama naye wathuthukisa amandla okudala ezinganeni - wayengumuntu oguquguqukayo.
UCarl wayethanda umculo kusukela esemncane. Wafunda umsindo wezinsimbi zomculo ezihlukahlukene. Lapho eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala, waqala ukuya emdlalweni wemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Lo mcimbi uzoqoshwa enkumbulweni yakhe iminyaka ezayo.
Ipiyano iyinsimbi yokuqala enqotshwe ithalente elincane. Wayekwazi ukuqagela umculo ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke wayekuthanda ukuthuthukisa.
Lapho eya endaweni yokuzivocavoca, waphuthelwa ngempela izifundo. Ngemizamo kanina, uKarl ngaleso sikhathi wayesekwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Ezifundweni ubezijabulisa ngokuhaya izinkondlo ezimfishane.
Intshisekelo yemidlalo yeshashalazi yakhula. Waqala ukucula esiteji khona lapho ekhaya. U-Karl uphinde waheha udadewabo omncane kulesi senzo. U-Orff wabhala ngokuzimela imibhalo kanye nokuhambisana nomculo.
Esemusha, waqala wavakashela i-opera house. Ukujwayelana ne-opera kwaqala ngokulethwa kwe "Flying Dutchman" nguRichard Wagner. Ukudlala kwamthinta kakhulu. Ekugcineni waziyeka izifundo zakhe, wachitha sonke isikhathi sakhe edlala insimbi yomculo ayeyithanda kakhulu.
Ngokushesha wanquma ukushiya indawo yokuzivocavoca. Lapho ephendukela kubazali bakhe ukuze athole iseluleko, uyise nonina basekela indodana yakhe kulesi sinqumo esibalulekile. Wayelungiselela ukungena e-Academy of Music. Ngo-1912, uKarl wabhaliswa esikhungweni semfundo.
Indlela yokudala yengcweti uCarl Orff
Uphoxekile ngohlelo lwesikole somculo. Khona-ke wayefuna ukuthuthela eParis, ngoba wayegcwele imisebenzi kaDebussy. Lapho abazali bethola ukuthi uKarl wayefuna ukuhamba ezweni, bazama ukuyekisa indodana yabo esinqumweni esinjalo. Ngo-1914, waphothula izifundo zakhe esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme, futhi ngemva kwalokho wathatha isikhundla sokuba umsizi we-opera House. Uqhubekile nokuthatha izifundo zomculo kuZilcher.
Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, waya emsebenzini Kammerspiel Theatre. Umculi wathanda isikhundla esisha, kodwa iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala yaqala ngokushesha, futhi le nsizwa yahlanganiswa. Ngemva kokuthola inxeba elibi, uKarl wabuyiselwa ngemuva. Wajoyina ishashalazi yaseMannheim futhi ngokushesha wathuthela eMunich.
Waba nesithakazelo ku-pedagogy. Ngokushesha, uKarl uqala ukufundisa, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana wayeka leli klasi. Ngo-1923, wavula isikole somdanso nomculo saseGünterschule.
Umgomo kaKarl Orff wawuhlanganisa ukunyakaza, umculo namagama. Indlela yakhe yokwenza "Umculo Wezingane" yakhelwe eqinisweni lokuthi amandla okudala engane angembulwa kuphela ngokwenza ngcono. Lokhu akusebenzi emculweni kuphela, kodwa nasekubhaleni, ekuhleleni nasekubhaleni, nasezicikweni ezibukwayo.
Kancane kancane, i-pedagogy yafiphala ngemuva. Waphinde waqala ukubhala imisebenzi yomculo. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-premiere ye-opera uCarmina Burana yenzeka. "Izingoma ze-Boyern" - zaba yisisekelo somsebenzi womculo. Abantu besikhathi sika-Orff bawamukela ngentshiseko umsebenzi.
UCarmina Burana uyingxenye yokuqala ye-trilogy, futhi uCatulli Carmina kanye noTrionfo di Afrodite abalandelayo. Umqambi usho lokhu okulandelayo ngomsebenzi wakhe:
"Lokhu ukuvumelana komoya womuntu, lapho ukulingana phakathi kwenyama nengokomoya kugcinwa ngokuphelele."
Ukuduma kuka-Carl Orff
Ekushoneni kwelanga ngawo-30, uCarmina Burana waqala ukuboniswa enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi. AmaNazi, ngaleso sikhathi ayesebusa, awazisa umsebenzi. UGoebbels noHitler babesohlwini lwalabo ababethanda umsebenzi ka-Orff.
Ngegagasi lokuthandwa, waqala ukubhala imisebenzi emisha yomculo. Ngokushesha wethula emphakathini i-opera ethi O Fortuna, eyaziwa namuhla ngisho nakulabo abakude kakhulu nobuciko.
Ukuduma negunya le-maestro kwakhula ngamandla nsuku zonke. Waphathiswa ukubhala okuhambisana nomculo wokukhiqizwa kweshashalazi kwe-A Midsummer Night's Dream. Ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi kaMendelssohn eJalimane wawuvinjelwe, ngakho uCarl waqala ukusebenzelana eduze nabaqondisi. Umqambi akanelisekile ngomsebenzi owenziwe. Ulungise ukuhambisana komculo kuze kube maphakathi nawo-60s.
Izimpande zobuJuda azizange zimvimbe ekubeni nokuma okuhle neziphathimandla. Ekupheleni kwempi, uKarl wafakwa ohlwini lwabamnyama ngenxa yokusekela kwakhe u-Adolf Hitler. Nokho, inkinga yadlula ubuhlakani bomculo.
"I-Comedy ekupheleni kwesikhathi" ifakwe ohlwini lwemisebenzi yokugcina yenkosi. Umsebenzi walotshwa ngonyaka wama-73 wekhulu elidlule. Ukwakhiwa kungazwakala kumafilimu "Amazwe Ayincithakalo" kanye "Uthando Lweqiniso".
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu yomqambi
Wayejabulela ukunakwa kobulili obuhle. Empilweni yakhe, izikhathi zothando ezidlulayo zazivame ukwenzeka. UKarl wanquma ukuzithwesa umthwalo ngezibopho zomshado eneminyaka engu-25.
Umculi we-Opera u-Alice Zolscher wakwazi ukunqoba umqambi hhayi kuphela ngezwi lakhe lemilingo, kodwa nangobuhle bakhe. Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana unendodakazi. Indodakazi u-Alice amzalela u-Orfu kwaba ukuphela kwendlalifa kaCharles.
Kwakunzima ngo-Alice ukuhlala ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa noCarl. Isimo sakhe sengqondo sasishintsha njalo. Ekupheleni kokuphila kwabo ndawonye, kwakungekho neconsi kwesokunxele sothando lwabantu ababili bokudala. Banquma ukuhamba.
UGertrude Willert - waba unkosikazi wesibili osemthethweni wosaziwayo. Wayemncane ngeminyaka engu-19 kunomyeni wakhe. Ekuqaleni, kwakubonakala sengathi umehluko weminyaka ngeke uphazamise abasanda kushada, kodwa ekugcineni, uGertrude akakwazanga ukubekezelela - wafaka isehlukaniso. Kamuva, lona wesifazane uzosola uKarl ngokuba nengxabano nobugovu. UGertrude waphinde wasola owayengumyeni wakhe ngokumkhaphela njalo. Ukhulume ngokuthi ubelokhu embamba eqhatha nabaculi abancane.
Maphakathi nawo-50, umlobi uLouise Rinser waba umkakhe. Maye, lo mshado awuzange ulethe injabulo ye-Orph empilweni yakhe siqu. Owesifazane akazange akubekezelele ukukhashelwa indoda futhi wafaka isehlukaniso ngokwakhe.
Lapho uKarl esengaphezu kweminyaka engama-60, washada noLiselotte Schmitz. Wayesebenza njengonobhala we-Orff, kodwa ngokushesha ubuhlobo bokusebenza baphenduka uthando. Wayemncane kakhulu kunoCarl. U-Liselotte - waba unkosikazi wokugcina we-maestro. Lona wesifazane udale i-Orff Foundation futhi waphatha inhlangano kwaze kwaba ngu-2012.
Ukufa komqambi uCarl Orff
Phakathi neminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, walwa nomdlavuza. Lapho esekhulile, odokotela bathola ukuthi uKarl une-diagnosis edumazayo - umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Lesi sifo saholela ekufeni kwakhe. Washona ngo-March 29, 1982. Ngokwencwadi yefa, isidumbu sikamaestro sashiswa.
