U-Count Basie ungumdlali wopiyano we-jazz waseMelika odumile, umshayi wezinsimbi, nomholi weqembu elikhulu lehlelo. U-Basie ungomunye wabantu ababaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wokushwiba. Ukwazile okungenakwenzeka - wenza ama-blues abe uhlobo lomhlaba wonke.
Ubuntwana nobusha buka-Count Basie
U-Count Basie wayenentshisekelo emculweni cishe kusukela ekuqaleni. Umama wabona ukuthi umfana uyawuthanda umculo, ngakho wamfundisa ukudlala upiyano. Lapho esekhulile, u-Count waqashwa umfundisi owamfundisa ukudlala insimbi yomculo.
Njengazo zonke izingane, u-Count wayefunda esikoleni esiphakeme. Umfana wayephupha ngokuphila komhambi, ngoba ama-carnivals ayevame ukufika edolobheni labo. Ngemva kokuthola idiploma yakhe yesikole samabanga aphezulu, uBasie wabamba itoho endaweni yeshashalazi yendawo.
Le nsizwa yasheshe yafunda ukulawula izibani zombukiso wasevaudeville. Wenza kahle kwezinye izabelo ezincane, athola kuzo amaphasi amahhala uma edlala.
Kwake kwadingeka ukuthi u-Count athathe isikhundla somdlali wopiyano. Bekungokokuqala ngqa esesiteji. I-debut ibe yimpumelelo. Wafunda ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa umculo wezinhlelo namafilimu athule.
Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Count Basie wayesebenza njengomculi emaqenjini ahlukahlukene. Amabhendi adlala ezindaweni zamakilabhu, izindawo zokungcebeleka, amabha kanye nezindawo zokudlela. Ngesinye isikhathi, u-Count wavakashela umbukiso Amakhosi we-Syncopation kaHarry Richardson.
Ngokushesha u-Count wazenzela isinqumo esinzima. Wathuthela eNew York, lapho ahlangana khona noJames P. Johnson, uFats Waller, nabanye abaculi abahamba phambili eHarlem.
Indlela yokudala ka-Count Basie
Ngemva kokuthuthela, u-Count Basie wasebenza isikhathi eside kuma-orchestra kaJohn Clark noSonny Greer. Udlale kuma-cabarets nama-disco. Kwakungesona isikhathi esingcono kakhulu mayelana nomthwalo womsebenzi. U-Count akazange ahlupheke ngenxa yokunganakwa. Kunalokho, isimiso sakhe sasimatasa kangangokuthi ekugcineni umculi waqala ukuba nokuphazamiseka kwemizwa.
UBasie wanquma ukuthatha ikhefu. Waqonda kahle ukuthi esimweni esinjalo kwakungeke kukhulume izinkulumo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, u-Count wabuyela esiteji.
Waqala ukusebenzisana nohlelo oluhlukahlukene u-Keith & Toba eneminyaka engu-20. UBasie ukhushulelwe esikhundleni sokuba ngumqondisi womculo kanye nomphelezeli. Ngo-1927, wahamba neqembu elincane lomculo eKansas City. Lo mculi wahlala isikhathi eside edolobheni lesifundazwe, iqembu lahlakazeka abaculi basala bengenamsebenzi.
U-Basie waba yingxenye yeqoqo elidumile le-Walter Page's Blue Devils. U-Basie wayeyingxenye yeqembu kwaze kwaba ngu-1929. Wabe esesebenzisana nama-orchestra angacacile. Lesi sikhundla somculi asihambisani neze. Konke kwenzeka lapho eba yingxenye ye-Kansas City Orchestra kaBennie Moten.
UBenny Moten washona ngo-1935. Lesi sehlakalo esibuhlungu siphoqelele u-Count namalungu e-orchestra ukuthi bakhe iqembu elisha. Yayinamalungu ayisishiyagalolunye noJoe Jones ongumshayi wezigubhu kanye nomdlali we-tenor saxophonist u-Lester Young. Iqembu elisha laqala ukudlala ngaphansi kwegama elithi Barons of Rhythm.
Ukuqala I-Reno Club
Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, abaculi baqala ukusebenza Reno Club (Kansas City). Izingoma zomculo ze-ensemble zaqala ukukhiqizwa kabusha eziteshini zomsakazo zendawo. Lokhu kuholele ekwenyukeni kokuduma kanye nenkontileka neNational Booking Agency kanye neDecca Records.
Ngosizo lomphathi wekhonsathi yomsakazo, u-Basie wathola isihloko esithi "Bala" ("Bala"). Iqoqo lomculi lalikhula njalo. Amalungu ebhendi azame ngomsindo. Ngokushesha bacula ngaphansi kwegama elisha elithi Count Basie Orchestra. Kwakungaphansi kwegama-mbumbulu elidala kangangokuthi iqembu lafinyelela isimo seqembu elikhulu kakhulu lenkathi yokushwibeka.
Ngokushesha ukuqoshwa kweqembu kwawela ezandleni zomdidiyeli uJohn Hammond. Usize abaculi bashiya isifundazwe bafudukela eNew York. I-Basie Count Ensemble yahlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi yayihlanganisa abaculi abakhethekile - abacula yedwa abathuthukayo.
Ukwakheka okunamandla kuvunyelwe ukusuthisa ingoma ngezingcezu "ezinamanzi" ezisuselwe kuhlelo lwe-blues harmonic, futhi cishe "ohambeni" ukuze kuqanjwe ama-riff asekela abaculi abanohlonze.
Ngo-1936, i-Count Basie Orchestra yayinabaculi abalandelayo abaphawulekayo:
- uBuck Clayton;
- UHarry Edison;
- Ikhasi Lamalebe Ashisayo;
- U-Lester Young;
- Hershel Evans;
- U-Earl Warren;
- UBuddy Tate;
- uBenny Morton;
- UDicky Wells.
Isigaba sesigqi se-ensemble saqashelwa ngokufanelekile njengesihamba phambili ku-jazz. Mayelana nezingoma zomculo. Abathandi bomculo kufanele nakanjani balalele: I-O'Clock Jump, Jumpin' at the Woodside, Taxi war Dance.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1940
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1940 kwaqala ngokuthi abaculi abasha bajoyina iqembu. Sikhuluma ngoDon Bayes, uLucky Thompson, Illinois Jacket, trumpeter Joe Newman, trombonist Vicki Dickenson, JJ Johnson.
Ngo-1944, amarekhodi angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 e-ensemble ayesedayiswe emhlabeni wonke. Kubukeka sengathi umsebenzi wabaculi kufanele uqhubeke uthuthuka. Kodwa yayingekho.
Emsebenzini kaBasie neqembu lakhe elikhulu, ngenxa yezimo zesikhathi sempi, kwaba nenkinga yokudala. Ingoma yayilokhu ishintsha, okwaholela ekuwohlokeni komsindo wezingoma zomculo. Cishe wonke ama-ensemble ahlangabezane nenkinga yokudala. U-Basie wayengenayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokuhlakaza uhlu ngo-1950.
Ngo-1952, i-ensemble yaqala kabusha imisebenzi yayo. Ukubuyisela isithunzi sikaBasie, ithimba lakhe laqala ukuvakasha ngenkuthalo. Abaculi bakhiphe inqwaba yemisebenzi efanele. U-Count uzuze isihloko esithi "umpetha wokushwiba". Ngo-1954, abaculi bavakashela eYurophu.
Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, i-discography ye-ensemble igcwaliswe ngenani elikhulu lamarekhodi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Basie ukhiphe amaqoqo eyedwa futhi wahlanganyela nabanye abaculi be-pop.
Kusukela ngo-1955, lo mculi ubelokhu ebambe isikhundla esiphambili okhethweni lwabathandi be-jazz nabagxeki bomculo. Ngokushesha wakha indlu yokunyathelisa umculo.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, ukwakheka kweqembu kwashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa kulokhu kwakungeyokusizakala kwe-repertoire. Izingoma zagcina amandla azo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanothi "amasha" ayezwakala kuzo.
Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1970, u-Count uvele kancane kancane esiteji. Konke lokhu kungenxa yesifo esisuse amandla kuye. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, waqondisa iqoqo ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile. Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe umculi wachitha etafuleni lakhe - wabhala umlando wokuphila kwakhe.
Ngemva kokushona kukaBasie, uFrank Foster wathatha izintambo njengomholi. I-orchestra yabe iholwa umculi we-tromboni uGrover Mitchell. Ngeshwa, i-ensemble ngaphandle kokubala abanamakhono yaqala ukufiphala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abaphathi behlulekile ukulandela indlela kaBasie.
Ukufa kuka-Count Basie
Umculi washona ngo-April 26, 1984. U-Count ushone eneminyaka engu-79. Imbangela yokufa umdlavuza we-pancreatic.
