Umculo wakudala awunakucatshangwa ngaphandle kwama-opera agqamile womqambi uGeorg Friedrich Händel. Abagxeki bezobuciko bayaqiniseka ukuthi uma lolu hlobo lwazalwa kamuva, i-maestro ingakwazi ukwenza ngempumelelo ukuguqulwa okuphelele kohlobo lomculo.
UGeorge wayengumuntu oguquguqukayo ngendlela emangalisayo. Wayengesabi ukuzama. Ezingomeni zakhe umuntu angezwa umoya wemisebenzi yesiNgisi, isiNtaliyane nesiJalimane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akazange akubekezelele ukuncintisana, ezibheka cishe njengoNkulunkulu. Umlingiswa omubi uvimbe i-maestro ekwakheni impilo yomuntu siqu ejabulisayo.
Ubuntwana nobusha
Usuku lokuzalwa lwe-maestro lungoMashi 5, 1685. Uvela edolobheni elincane lesifundazwe saseJalimane iHalle. Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kuka-Handel, inhloko yomndeni yayingaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala. Abazali bakhulise izingane eziyisithupha. Umama wakhulisa izingane ngemithetho yenkolo. Ngemva kokuzalwa kukaGeorge omncane, lona wesifazane wazala ezinye izingane eziningana.
Intshisekelo ka-Handel emculweni yakhula kusenesikhathi. Lokhu akuzange kuhambisane nenhloko yomndeni, owaphupha ukuthi uGeorge uzoba ngummeli womsebenzi wommeli. Umfana wayenemizwa exubile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayebheka umsebenzi womculi njengento engenangqondo (ngaleso sikhathi, cishe zonke izakhamuzi zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu zazicabanga kanjalo). Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzi wokudala owamkhuthaza.
Kakade eneminyaka engu-4 wadlala i-harpsichord ngokuphelele. Uyise wamenqabela ukudlala insimbi yomculo, ngakho uGeorg kwadingeka alinde kuze kube yilapho wonke umuntu endlini ezumeka. Ebusuku, u-Handel wagibela e-attic (i-harpsichord yayigcinwe lapho) futhi wafunda ngokuzimela ama-nuances womsindo wensimbi yomculo.
UGeorg Friedrich Händel: Ukwamukelwa kokukhangwa yindodana
Isimo sengqondo sikayise ngomculo sashintsha lapho indodana yakhe ineminyaka engu-7 ubudala. Omunye wamakhosi ahloniphekile waveza umbono wakhe mayelana nethalenta likaHandel, elizoqinisekisa inhloko yomndeni ukuba ihoxise. UDuke ubize uGeorge ngengcweti yangempela futhi wacela uyise ukuthi amsize ekuthuthukiseni ithalente lakhe.
Kusukela ngo-1694, umculi uFriedrich Wilhelm Zachau wahlanganyela emfundweni yomculo yomfana. Ngenxa yemizamo kathisha, u-Handel wakwazi ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Abagxeki abaningi babiza lesi sikhathi somlando wakhe wokudala ukwakheka kobuntu bukaHandel. U-Zachau akagcini nje ngokuba uthisha, kodwa futhi abe inkanyezi yangempela eqondisayo.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-11, uGeorg uthatha indawo yomphelezeli. Ikhono lomculo lethalente elincane lahlaba umxhwele uMkhethi waseBrandenburg uFrederick I kangangokuthi ngemva kokudlala wamema uGeorge ukuba amkhonze. Kodwa ngaphambi kokungena enkonzweni, u-Handel waphoqeleka ukuba athole imfundo.
Elector, uzonikeza ubaba ukuthi athumele ingane e-Italy. Inhloko yomndeni yaphoqeleka ukuthi yenqabe isikhulu esiphezulu. Wayekhathazekile ngendodana yakhe futhi engafuni ukumdedela ukuba ahambe kuze kube manje. Kuphela ngemva kokufa kukayise, u-Handel wakwazi ukulahla ngokukhululekile ithalenta lakhe nezifiso.
Wathola imfundo edolobheni lakubo iGall, kwathi ngo-1702 waqala ukwenza izifundo zomthetho nezenkolo eNyuvesi yaseGall. Ngeshwa, akazange ayiqede imfundo yakhe ephakeme. Ekugcineni, isifiso sokuba umculi samthola ngokuphelele.
Indlela yokudala nomculo womqambi uGeorg Friedrich Händel
Ngalezo zinsuku, endaweni yaseHamburg kuphela kwakukhona inkundla ye-opera. Izakhamuzi zamasiko zamazwe aseYurophu zibizwa ngokuthi iHamburg inhloko-dolobha yaseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ngenxa yokusekelwa kukaReinhard Kaiser, uGeorg wakwazi ukungena esiteji se-opera house. Le nsizwa yathatha indawo ye-violinist kanye ne-harpsichordist.
Ngokushesha ukwethulwa kwe-debut opera ye-maestro enkulu yenzeka. Sikhuluma ngendalo yomculo "Almira" kanye "Nero". Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iningi le-opera lenziwa ngolimi lwendabuko lwamaNtaliyane. Iqiniso liwukuthi u-Handel wayebheka ulimi lwesiJalimane njengolungenangqondo ngezisusa ezinjalo zothando. Imidlalo ye-opera eyethulwa ngokushesha yadlalwa esiteji seshashalazi lendawo.
U-Handel wazama kaningi ukuthola izicukuthwane eziphakeme ngama-oda womuntu siqu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuphikelela komkhaya wakwaMedici, waphoqeleka ukuba athuthele e-Italy. Lapho, wafundisa izingane ukudlala izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene zomculo. Lo mndeni wazise umqambi, waze waxhasa nokukhululwa kokudaliwe okwalandela kwenkosi.
U-Handel waba nenhlanhla ngoba wavakashela eVenice naseRoma. Ngokuthakazelisayo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuqamba ama-opera endaweni yalezi zifundazwe. U-Handel wathola indlela yokuphuma. Ngalesi sikhathi uqamba ama-oratorio. Ingoma ethi "Ukunqoba Kwesikhathi Neqiniso" idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile.
Lapho efika eFlorence, inkosi yadlala i-opera ethi Rodrigo (1707), naseVenice - Agrippina (1709). Qaphela ukuthi umsebenzi wokugcina uthathwa njenge-opera engcono kakhulu eyabhalwa e-Italy.
Ngo-1710 i-maestro yavakashela iGreat Britain. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-opera yayisaqala ukuvela esifundazweni. Bambalwa kuphela abakhethiwe abezwile ngalolu hlobo lomculo. Ngokwezazi-mlando zobuciko, bambalwa abaqambi abasala ezweni ngaleso sikhathi. Lapho efika e-UK, u-Anna waphatha u-Handel njengomsindisi. Ubenethemba lokuthi uzonothisa amasiko ezwe.
Ukuhlolwa kuka-Maestro Georg Friedrich Handel
Ensimini yaseLondon enemibalabala, wenza elinye lama-opera anamandla kakhulu ku-repertoire yakhe. Ibungazwe ngu-Rinaldo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwadlalwa imidlalo ye-opera ethi, Umalusi Othembekile noTheseus. Izilaleli zamukele ngemfudumalo indalo yenkosi. Ukwamukelwa okufudumele okunjalo kwagqugquzela umqambi ukuthi abhale i-Utrecht Te Deum.
Kwase kuyisikhathi sokuba uGeorge avivinye umculo. Ngo-1716, imfashini kaHanover yamkhuthaza ukuthi azame uhlobo lwePassion. I-Passion of Brox ibonise ngokucacile ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo zomculo ezingaphansi kwamandla we-maestro enkulu. Wayenganelisekile ngomphumela. Izilaleli nazo zawamukela kahle umsebenzi. Umjikelezo wama-suites "Music on the Water" usize ukubuyisela isithunzi. Umjikelezo wemisebenzi uqukethe izingoma zomdanso.
Izazi-mlando zobuciko zikholelwa ukuthi i-maestro yakha umjikelezo owethulwe wezingoma zesivumelwano neNkosi uGeorge I. U-Handel wakhonza umhlonishwa, kodwa akazange azinikele ngokuphelele emsebenzini wakhe. Inkosi yakwazisa ukuxolisa okunjalo kwasekuqaleni komqambi. "Umculo Emanzini" wamjabulisa uGeorg. Wacela izikhathi eziningana ukuthi aphinde ingxenye yendalo ethandwa kakhulu.
Ukwehla kokuduma komqambi
UGeorg kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe wayekholelwa ngobuqotho ukuthi wayengenazo, futhi wayengeke abe nezimbangi. I-maestro yaqala ukuhlangana nomuzwa womona ngo-1720. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho izwe lavakashelwa khona nguGiovanni Bononcini wodumo. UGiovanni wabe esehola iRoyal Academy of Music. Ngesicelo sika-Anna, uBononchini naye wathuthukisa uhlobo lwe-opera esifundazweni. Ngokushesha i-maestro yethula umphakathi ukudalwa kwe- "Astarte" futhi yasibekela ngokuphelele impumelelo ye-opera ethi "Radamista" ka-Handel. UGeorge wayecindezelekile. Umlando omnyama wangempela waqala empilweni yakhe.
Imisebenzi eyaphuma ngemuva kwepeni likaHandel yaba ukwehluleka (ngaphandle kwe-opera ethi "Julius Caesar"). Umaestro waba nokucindezeleka. Umqambi uzizwe njengomuntu ongeyena ongakwazi ukubhala imisebenzi emihle yomculo.
UGeorg waqaphela ukuthi izingoma zakhe azihambisani nezitayela ezintsha. Kalula nje, seziphelelwe yisikhathi. U-Handel uye e-Italy ukuze athole okuvelayo okusha. Kamuva, imisebenzi yenkosi yomculo yaba classical futhi eqinile. Ngakho-ke, umqambi wakwazi ukuvuselela nokuthuthukisa i-opera e-UK.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1738, ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo kumqambi odumile. Ngakho-ke, i-maestro yanquma ukukhokhela umnikelo ongenakuphikwa ekuthuthukiseni umculo we-classic.
Naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo zomculi, abantu besikhathi samanje bamkhumbula njengomuntu ongathandeki kakhulu. Wayehlushwa ukukhohlakala futhi wayengazi nhlobo ukuthi agqoke kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengumuntu ononya. U-Handel wayengadlala kalula ihlaya elinonya elibhekise kumuntu.
Ukuze afinyelele isikhundla esihle, wayehamba ngokoqobo phezu kwamakhanda. Ngenxa yokuthi wayeyilungu lomphakathi we-elite, uGeorg wathola abantu ayebajwayele abamsiza ukuba akhuphule izinga lomsebenzi.
Wayengumuntu othanda ukudlubulundela. Akazange akwazi ukuthola umngane womshado ofanelekayo. Akashiyanga ndlalifa ngemuva kwakhe. Ababhali bokuphila kuka-Handel bayaqiniseka ukuthi kwakungenxa yentukuthelo embi ye-maestro lapho ehluleka khona ukuzwa uthando. Wayengenazo izintandokazi, futhi akazange aqome izintokazi.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi
- U-maestro wagula kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho kwathathwa iminwe emi-4 esithweni sakhe sokunxele. Ngokwemvelo, wayengakwazi ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo njengakuqala. Lokhu kwanyakazisa isimo somzwelo sika-Handel, futhi, uma sikubeka kancane, waziphatha ngendlela engafanele.
- Kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe, wafundela umculo futhi wafakwa ohlwini lomqhubi we-orchestra.
- Wayethanda ubuciko bokudweba. Kuze kube yilapho umbono ushiya i-maestro enkulu, wayevame ukuthanda imidwebo.
- I-Museum yokuqala yokuhlonipha i-maestro yavulwa ngo-1948 endlini lapho uGeorg azalelwa khona.
- Wayebabukela phansi abancintisana nabo futhi ekwazi ukugxeka umsebenzi wabo esebenzisa inhlamba.
Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo yomdali
Kusukela ngawo-1740, walahlekelwa ukubona. Eminyakeni engu-10 kuphela kamuva, umqambi wanquma ukuhlinzwa kokuhlinzwa. Ngokusho kwezazi-mlando, lo msebenzi onzima wenziwa nguJohn Taylor. Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwenza isimo se-maestro saba sibi. Ngo-1953, akazange abone lutho. Wayengakwazi ukuqamba izingoma, ngakho wathatha indima yomqhubi.
Ngo-Ephreli 14, 1759 wafa. Wayeneminyaka engu-74 ubudala. Kwanyatheliswa emaphephandabeni ukuthi isizathu sokufa kwe-maestro "kwakuwukuminza kwe-pathological."
