UGeorges Bizet ungumqambi nomculi waseFrance ohlonishwayo. Wasebenza ngenkathi ye-romanticism. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, eminye yemisebenzi ye-maestro yaphikiswa abagxeki bomculo kanye nabathandi bomculo we-classic. Kuzodlula iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, futhi indalo yakhe izoba ubuciko bangempela. Namuhla, izingoma zika-Bizet ezingafi zizwakala kumathiyetha ahlonishwayo emhlabeni.
Ubuntwana nobusha uGeorges Bizet
Wazalelwa eParis ngo-Okthoba 25, 1838. Ubenalo lonke ithuba lokufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni umculo. Umfana wakhulela emndenini ohlakaniphe kakhulu. Umculo wawuvame ukudlalwa endlini kaBizet.
Unina kaGeorges wayengumdlali wopiyano ohlonishwayo, kanti umfowabo wayebhalwe njengomunye wothisha bezwi abahamba phambili. Isikhathi sokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe, inhloko yomndeni yahlela ibhizinisi elincane lokuthengisa ama-wigs. Khona-ke, waqala ukufundisa vocal, ngaphandle imfundo ekhethekile ngemva kwakhe.
U-Bizet wayewuthanda umculo. Ngokungafani nontanga, umfana wayethanda ukufunda. Esikhathini esifushane, wakwazi ukuqaphela umculo, okwathi ngemva kwalokho unina wanquma ukufundisa indodana yakhe ukudlala upiyano.
Lapho eneminyaka eyisithupha waya esikoleni. Amakilasi anikezwa umfana kalula. Ikakhulukazi, wabonisa isithakazelo sangempela sokufunda nezincwadi zasendulo.
Lapho umama ebona ukuthi ukufunda kuqala ukuminyanisa umculo, walawula ukuthi u-Bizet uchitha okungenani amahora angu-5 ngosuku ophiyano. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, wangena eParis Conservatory of Music. UGeorges akazange amdumaze unina.
Wayenenkumbulo emangalisayo futhi ezwa. Ngenxa yamakhono akhe, umfana wabamba umklomelo wakhe wokuqala ezandleni zakhe, okwamvumela ukuba athathe izifundo zamahhala kuPierre Zimmermann. Amakilasi okuqala abonisa ukuthi u-Bizet wayethanda ukuqamba izingoma.
Ukuqamba izingoma zomculo kwamthatha ngokuphelele. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubhala cishe imisebenzi eyishumi nambili. Hhayi-ke, ngeke babekwe njengabahlakaniphile, kodwa yibona ababonise umqambi osemusha ukuthi yimaphi amaphutha okufanele asebenze kuwo.
Ngokuhambisana nemisebenzi yakhe yokuqamba, waqala ukudlala insimbi yomculo ekilasini likaProfesa Francois Benois. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, wakwazi ukuwina imiklomelo eminingana ehlonishwayo.
Indlela yokudala nomculo womqambi u-Georges Bizet
Phakathi nezifundo zakhe, u-maestro wadala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ohlakaniphile. Lena yi-Symphony ku-C enkulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umphakathi wanamuhla ukwazile ukujabulela umsindo wokuqamba kuphela kuma-30s wekhulu elidlule. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho umsebenzi wakhishwa khona ezinqolobaneni zeParis Conservatory.
Abantu ababephila ngaleso sikhathi bajwayelana nomsebenzi womqambi ngesikhathi somncintiswano, owawuhlelwe ngomusa nguJacques Offenbach. Abahlanganyeli bomncintiswano babhekene nomsebenzi onzima - ukubhala i-comedy yomculo lapho abalingiswa abaningana bezohileleka khona kanye. Naphezu kobunzima, u-Bizet wayenokuthile ayekulwela. UJacques uthembise ophumelele indondo yegolide, kanye nama-franc angaphezu kuka-1000 XNUMX. Esiteji, i-maestro yethula i-operetta yamahlaya ethi "Doctor Miracle". Waba ngumnqobi kulo mncintiswano.
Kuzodlula isikhathi esincane, futhi uzobamba iqhaza emqhudelwaneni olandelayo womculo. Kulokhu, wethula emphakathini i-cantata ehlakaniphile uClovis noClotilde. Wathola uxhaso futhi waqhubeka ne-internship eyathatha unyaka wonke eRoma.
UGeorges osemusha wakhangwa ubuhle base-Italy. Isimo sendawo, ukubukeka kwezwe okumangalisayo nokuthula okwakukhona edolobheni kwamkhuthaza ukuthi enze imisebenzi eminingana. Ngalesi sikhathi, washicilela i-opera ethi Don Procopio, kanye ne-ode-symphony egqamile iVasco da Gamma.
Ukubuyela ekhaya
Ngonyaka wama-60, waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele endaweni yaseParis. Uthole izindaba ezivela kwelakubo ukuthi unina uyagula. Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela, wayesemaphethelweni. Ukucindezeleka kwambamba. Ngalesi sikhathi, waqala ukubhala imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wanikeza izifundo zomculo ezizimele. U-Bizet akazange abhale izincwadi ezibalulekile, okwathi kancane kancane ukholo lwakhe kuye lwashabalala.
Ngenxa yokuthi wayengumnqobi waseRoma, umthwalo wemfanelo wokubhala umsebenzi ohlekisayo othi "Opera-Comic" wawela emahlombe e-maestro. Nokho, akakwazanga ukuqala umsebenzi. Ngonyaka wama-61, unina washona, futhi ngemva konyaka, uthisha wakhe nomeluleki wakhe. Izehlakalo ezibuhlungu zathatha amandla okugcina ku-maestro.
Wabuyela kuyena eminyakeni embalwa kamuva. Ngalesi sikhathi, udala ama-opera ethi The Pearl Seekers kanye nethi The Beauty of Perth. Imisebenzi yamukelwa kahle hhayi kuphela ngabathandi abavamile be-classicism, kodwa futhi nabagxeki bomculo.
Ikusasa lokusungula
U-Bizet wavulwa njengomqambi ngeminyaka yama-70s. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-premiere ye-Jamila yenzeka endaweni ye-Opera Comic Theatre ehlonishwayo. Abagxeki bomculo bancome i-motif yesi-Arabhu kanye nokukhanya okuphelele kwesiqephu. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, waqamba umculo ohambisana nedrama ka-Alphonse Daudet ethi The Arlesian. Maye, uhlelo lwehlulekile.
I-opera ethi "Carmen" yaba umvuthwandaba womsebenzi we-maestro. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, umsebenzi wawungaziwa. Wahlala ebukelwa phansi abantu besikhathi sikaBizet. Lo mkhiqizo wagxekwa, wawubiza ngokuziphatha okubi nokungenamsebenzi. Kodwa, ngandlela thile, i-opera yadlalwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-40. Abadlali bemidlalo yaseshashalazini babukele umdlalo ngenxa yelukuluku, njengoba umlingisi washona phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Umphakathi wonxiwankulu awuzange uwamukele umsebenzi, usola umfundisi ngokuziphatha okubi, futhi abagxeki bomculo wenhloko-dolobha yaseFrance bababaza ngokubhuqa. “Iqiniso elinjani! Kodwa yeka ihlazo!
Ngeshwa, umqambi nomculi abazange baphile isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqashelwa kwendalo yakhe ehlakaniphile. Ngemva konyaka, abaqambi abahlonishwayo bawuncoma lo msebenzi, kodwa uBizet akazange abe nenhlanhla yokuzwa ukuthi bathini ngokuqondile nge-opera ayidalile.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu ka-Georges Bizet
I-Bizet ibe yimpumelelo ngempela ngobulili obuhle. Uthando lokuqala lomqambi kwakuyi-Italian ebukekayo okuthiwa uGiuseppa. Ubudlelwano abuzange buthuthuke ngenxa yokuthi i-maestro yashiya i-Italy, futhi intombazane yayingafuni ukuhamba nesithandwa sayo.
Ngesinye isikhathi, waba nesithakazelo kowesifazane owaziwa emphakathini njengoMadame Mogador. UBizet akazange ethuswe ukuthi le ntokazi indala kakhulu kunomqambi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMadame Mogador wayenedumela elihlazisayo emphakathini. U-Bizet wayengajabule ngalo wesifazane, kodwa isikhathi eside akakwazanga ukunquma ukumshiya. Naye, wayehlushwa ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo. Lapho lobu buhlobo buphela, igagasi lokucindezeleka lamhlasela.
Wathola injabulo yangempela yowesilisa nendodakazi kathisha wakhe uFromental Halévy, uGenevieve. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abazali bentombazane babemelene nalo mshado. Benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuyekisa indodakazi yabo ukuba ishade noGeorges ompofu. Uthando lwaqina, futhi lo mbhangqwana washada.
Ngesikhathi seMpi YaseFranco-Prussia, wabuthelwa eMbuthweni, kodwa wakhululwa ngokushesha ngoba wayeyiSifundiswa SaseRoma. Ngemva kwalokho, wathatha umkakhe bathuthela endaweni Paris.
Kulo mshado, umbhangqwana waba nendodana. Kwaba namahemuhemu okuthi uBizet naye unendlalifa ku-maid. Ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa kwamahlebezi mayelana nengane yangaphandle, inkosikazi ithukuthelele umyeni wayo, yaqala ukuthandana nomlobi wendawo. UGeorges wayazi ngalokhu, futhi wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi umkakhe wayengeke amshiye.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi
- U-Alexandre Cesar Leopold Bizet igama langempela lomqambi omkhulu.
- Usebenze njengomgxeki. Wake wanikezwa isikhundla esiphakeme kwenye yezincwadi zesiFulentshi ezithandwayo.
- UGeorges wayengumdlali wepiyano omuhle kakhulu. Amakhono akhe awajabulisanga izibukeli ezivamile nje kuphela, kodwa nothisha bomculo abanolwazi. U-Bizet wayebizwa nge-virtuoso evela kuNkulunkulu.
- Igama le-maestro selikhohliwe iminyaka eminingi, eminingi. Isithakazelo emsebenzini womqambi savela kuphela ekhulwini lama-20, kancane kancane waqala ukukhulunywa ngaye kaningi.
- Akazange athole abafundi futhi akazange abe umsunguli wesiqondiso esisha somculo.
Iminyaka Yokugcina kaGeorges Bizet
Ukufa kwe-maestro enkulu kugubuzelwe izimfihlo nezimfihlakalo. Wayengasekho endaweni yaseBougival. Yena nomndeni wakhe baya lapho ngamaholide ehlobo. Umndeni, kanye nencekukazi, babehlala endlini kanokusho enezitezi ezimbili.
Ngo-May, wagula, kodwa lokhu akuzange kumvimbe indoda ukuba ihambe ngezinyawo iye komunye wemifula ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ka-75. Wayethanda ukubhukuda. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inkosikazi yagcizelela ukuthi umyeni wakhe akufanele abhukude, akazange amlalele.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, isifo sakhe samathambo nomkhuhlane kwaba kubi kakhulu. Ngemva kosuku, akabange esazizwa izitho zakhe. Ngemva kosuku, u-Bizet waba nesifo senhliziyo. Udokotela owafika emzini womqambi wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe, kodwa akuzange kumenze azizwe engcono. Wachitha usuku olulandelayo equlekile. Wafa ngoJuni 3, 1875. Isizathu sokufa kwe-maestro kwaba yinkinga yenhliziyo.
Lapho umngane oseduze ezwa ngale nhlekelele, ngokushesha weza emndenini. Wathola amanxeba esikiwe entanyeni yomqambi. Uveze ukuthi imbangela yokufa kwakhe kungaba wukubulala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eduze kwakhe nguye owayemfuna efile, okungukuthi isithandwa somkakhe - Delaborde. Ngendlela, ngemva komngcwabo, uDelaborde wenza imizamo eminingana engaphumelelanga yokushada nomfelokazi we-maestro, kodwa wenqaba.
Ababhali bomlando wokuphila kwabo bathi enye imbangela yokufa kwe-maestro kwaba ukuzama ukuzibulala ngemva kokwethulwa kwe-opera engaphumelelanga uCarmen. Ngokusho kwabo, umqambi wazama ukuzifela. Lokhu kuchaza ukuba khona kwezimpawu ezisikiwe entanyeni.
