Iosif Kobzon: Biography of the artist

Amandla abalulekile omculi waseSoviet nowaseRussia u-Iosif Kobzon waba nomona izigidi zababukeli.

Wayekhuthele emisebenzini yomphakathi neyezombangazwe.

Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi kaKobzon udinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Lo mculi wachitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe esiteji.

I-biography ka-Kobzon ayithandeki kancane kunezitatimende zakhe zezombangazwe. Kuze kube yizinsuku zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe, wayephakathi kwezintatheli.

Izintatheli zihlaziye izitatimende zakhe ukuze bathole izingcaphuno. I-Kobzon iyinqolobane yangempela yokuphawula kwababuyekezi.

Ubuntwana nobusha bukaJoseph Kobzon

U-Iosif Davydovich Kobzon wazalwa ngo-1937 edolobheni elincane lesifundazwe laseChasov Yar, elitholakala esifundeni saseDonetsk.

Ebusheni bakhe, uJosefa wasala engenayise.

Umondli washiya umndeni wakhe waya komunye wesifazane.

Unina kaKobzon, u-Ida, wasala yedwa nengane. Futhi ukuze ngandlela-thile ondle umndeni wakhe, u-Ida uqala ukutshala ugwayi futhi enze imali kuwo.

Ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa kukaJosefa, u-Ida wakhethwa njengomahluleli wabantu. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, umdwebi wathi unina wayenegunya langempela kanye nomeluleki wempilo yakhe.

Ubonga unina ngobuntwana obujabulisayo kanye nokwakheka komlingiswa oqinile.

Ubuntwana bomculi wesikhathi esizayo babunezigigaba impela. Wazalwa ngaphambi nje kwalokho kwaqala iMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

Umkhaya wakwaKobzon wawushintsha ngokuphindaphindiwe indawo yawo yokuhlala. Ubaba wabizelwa empini. Ulimale kanzima.

Ngemva kokulimala, uyise kaKobzon wathunyelwa esibhedlela sezempi ukuze ayohlunyeleliswa. Lapho, wahlangana nomunye wesifazane, amshiyela umkakhe nabantwana.

Ngaphandle kukaJosefa ngokwakhe, kwakunezinye izingane ezintathu ezazikhula emkhayeni. Ngo-1944, umkhaya, owayehlala Lvov, waphinde wathuthela esifundeni IDonetsk, edolobheni Kramatorsk.

KwakuseKramatorsk lapho uJosefa ayefunda khona ebangeni lokuqala. Umama waphinde washada phakathi nalesi sikhathi. UJosefa wamkhumbula ngokufudumele usingayise, owakwazi ukuvala isikhala sikayise.

Lo mshado ulethe Umculi Wabantu Wesikhathi esizayo we-USSR abazalwane ababili abangabafowabo.

Umndeni wakwaKobzon wachitha isikhathi esithile eKramatorsk. Khona-ke bashintsha indawo yabo yokuhlala eDnepropetrovsk.

Lapha, uJosefa osemusha waphothula esikoleni esiphakeme nge honours futhi waba umfundi Dnepropetrovsk Mining College. Ekolishi, uJoseph waba nesithakazelo esikhulu esibhakeleni.

Udlale lo mdlalo waze walimala kanzima. Khona-ke uKobzon washintsha inkundla waya esiteji. Abalaleli bakwazi ukujwayelana ne-baritone enhle yomculi osemusha.

Ukuqala komsebenzi wokudala kaJoseph Kobzon

Ngo-1956, uJoseph wabizwa ukuze akhokhe isikweletu sakhe eMotherland. Ngokumangalisayo, kwaba lapha lapho amandla okudala kaKobzon aqala ukuvela.

Kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-50s, uJoseph osemncane wayefakwe ohlwini lwengoma nomdanso weqembu lezempi laseTranscaucasia.

Ngemva kokukhonza empini, uKobzon wabuyela emndenini owawuhlala endaweni yaseDnepropetrovsk. Esigodlweni Sendawo Sabafundi, uJoseph wahlangana nomeluleki wakhe wokuqala.

Sikhuluma ngoLeonid Tereshchenko, ngaleso sikhathi owayephethe isikhundla senhloko yekwaya. ULeonid waqonda ukuthi uJosefa wayeyi-nugget yangempela, ithalenta lakhe okwakufanele alithole.

ULeonid waqala ukulungiselela i-Kobzon ngokohlelo lwakhe lokungena ku-Conservatory.

ULeonid naye waqinisekisa ukuthi umfundi wakhe akabulawa yindlala, ngoba wayeqonda ukuthi uJosefa uvela emndenini ovamile.

U-Tereshchenko unamathisele u-Kobzon eSikhungweni Sobuchwepheshe Bamakhemikhali. Lapha, insizwa ethile yazuza imali eyengeziwe ngokusula izifihla-buso zegesi endaweni yokukhosela ngamabhomu ngento ekhethekile.

U-Tereshchenko waqagela ukuthi uJosefa uzokwenza umculi omuhle, kodwa wayengazi ukuthi umfundi wakhe uzoba inkanyezi yangempela yamaSoviet.

Ngo-1959, u-Iosif Kobzon wayengumculi oyedwa we-All-Union Radio. Lo mculi osemncane ubambe lesi sikhundla iminyaka emine.

Ukusebenza ku-All-Union Radio kwavumela u-Kobzon ukuba enze indlela eyingqayizivele yokusebenza, ngenxa yokuthi umculi uzobonwa ngaphandle kokubona ubuso bakhe.

Lena inhlanganisela evumelanayo ye-bel canto technique kanye nokukhululeka.

Kusukela maphakathi nawo-60s, ukucula esiteji, ukuya emicimbini yomculo nemiqhudelwano sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yomculi.

Umculi osemusha uthunyelwa emncintiswaneni wamazwe ngamazwe "Ubungane". Lo mncintiswano ububanjelwe endaweni yamazwe eSocialist.

E-Warsaw, eBudapest naseBerlin, iKobzon iphula izindawo zokuqala, futhi, ngokufanele, ihlombe elimile.

Kakade ngo-1986, umculi waba Umculi Yabantu we-USSR. Mhlawumbe, ngaleso sikhathi e-USSR kwakungekho noyedwa umuntu owayengazi kahle igama likaJoseph Kobzon.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthandwa umculi Soviet iqala ukukhula exponentially.

Kusukela ngo-1985, uJoseph Kobzon uye wafunda umsebenzi wobuthisha. Manje ufundisa abafundi baseGnesinka. Umculi wayenabafundi abaningi abanamakhono, phakathi kwabo u-Valentina Legkostupova ogqamile, u-Irina Otieva, u-Valeria.

U-Iosif Kobzon uhole ukuvakasha okusebenzayo. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, umculi akazange ashaye indiva ukuxhumana nabasebenzi abavamile.

Ngakho-ke, wakhuluma cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zokwakha zaseSoviet, ngaphambi kwebutho lezempi e-Afghanistan kanye nabahlaseli esikhungweni samandla enuzi saseChernobyl.

UJoseph uthe ukuxhumana nabasebenzi abajwayelekile kumnika amandla okuqhubekela phambili futhi kumkhokhisa amandla okuphila “afanele”.

I-repertoire yomculi ihlanganisa izingoma ezingaphezu kuka-3000. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izingoma eziningi eziphezulu ze-30s, ezake yenziwa ngaphambili nguClaudia Shulzhenko, u-Isabella Yureva, uVadim Kozin noKonstantin Sokolsky.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngo-2017 umculi wahlanganisa iminyaka engu-80 ubudala, wayeyisivakashi esikhuthele sezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomculo. Sikhuluma ngezinhlelo "Ingoma Yonyaka" nethi "Blue Light".

Ngezikhathi ezithile uJosefa wayebonakala emincintiswaneni engalindelekile nabadlali abasha.

Ngakho-ke, ngo-2016, e-Blue Light, wenza nomunye wabakhwenyana abanomona kakhulu eRussia - Yegor Creed. Izingoma zakhe ezihlangene neqembu leRiphabhulikhi zaba mnandi futhi zingajwayelekile.

Abathandi abaningi bomsebenzi kaJoseph Kobzon bathanda ingoma yomculo ethi "Indodakazi". Ingoma igcwele umlaleli ngamazwi ayo.

Ingoma ethi "Evening Table", uJoseph ayenza ku-duet no-Alexander Rosenbaum noLeps, isalokhu ingenye yezintandokazi zabaningi.

Kodwa-ke, ikhadi elivakashele lomculi, naphezu kokuthi akasekho nathi, uhlala "Moment". Ukwakheka komculo kuzwakale efilimini ethi "Seventeen Moments of Spring".

Kunzima ukuthola omunye umculi ongacula ingoma ngendlela evusa inkanuko.

Impilo yomuntu siqu kaJoseph Kobzon

Empilweni yomuntu siqu kaJoseph Kobzon, akuyona yonke into eyayihamba kahle njengomsebenzi wakhe wokudala.

Kwakukhona abesifazane abathathu empilweni yomculi omkhulu. Futhi yebo, babebahle ngendlela emangalisayo, benekhono futhi benomusa.

Unkosikazi wokuqala wenkosi kwaba uVeronika Kruglova.

Bashada ngo-1965. UVeronica, njengomyeni wakhe, wayengumculi odumile ngaleso sikhathi. Izingoma zakhe ezithi “Top-top, the baby is stoping”, kanye nethi “Angiboni lutho, angizwa lutho”, kwacula izwe lonke.

Inkazimulo, ukuthandwa, izinkambo ... Kwakungekho isikhathi esisele sento eyodwa kuphela - ukuhlelwa kokuphila kwansuku zonke nokuphila komndeni.

Umbhangqwana wahlukana ngaphandle kokwakha umndeni wangempela. Akubanga yisizathu sokudangala kukaKobzon noma ngesehlukaniso saseKruglova.

Unina kaJoseph Kobzon, u-Ida, uthe akukho okuhle okuzovela kulo mshado. Futhi ubonakala esesibonile isimo.

Umshado kaJoseph noVeronica wathatha iminyaka emibili kuphela.

Kruglova washada ngokushesha ngemva kwesehlukaniso. Ngalesi sikhathi, umculi uVladimir Mulerman waba umyeni wakhe. Kamuva, uKruglova uzoba yisakhamuzi sase-United States of America.

Unkosikazi wesibili kaKobzon kwakunguLyudmila Gurchenko. Lo mshado awuzange umjabulise futhi unina kaJosefa, owayeqonda ukuthi indodana yakhe idinga owesifazane wasekhaya owayengasondeli ekudaleni.

Kamuva, uLyudmila Gurchenko, kwenye yezingxoxo zakhe, uzothi ukushada noKobzon kwakuyiphutha lakhe elikhulu.

UGurchenko wakholelwa ukuthi angakwazi ukushintsha indoda. U-Kobzon noGurchenko babenezinhlamvu ezinamandla, babevame ukuthuka futhi bengafuni ukuvumelana.

UGurchenko wabhala ezincwadini zakhe ukuthi uKobzon akazange amsekele ngezikhathi zokuphelelwa ithemba. Kodwa lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumuntu odala.

Ngesinye isikhathi, kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi inkinga yokudala, uJoseph waya kuGurchenko wathi: "Yini, wonke umuntu uthwebula ifilimu, kodwa akekho okubizela ukuthi udubule?" Leli kwakuyiphuzu lokugcina lokubilisa. UGurchenko waqaphela ukuthi wayengafuni ukuhlala ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa nalo muntu.

Ngemva kwesehlukaniso, uKobzon noGurchenko bazama ukungaphambanisi. Babegwema amaphathi, nemikhosi ehlangene.

Laba baculi bancamele ukungaxoxi nezintatheli ngalo mshado. U-Ida wathi isehlukaniso samlethela injabulo. Wayejabule ngokuthi uGurchenko wayengeke aphinde abe isivakashi emzini wakhe.

U-Iosif Kobzon wakhula. Manje usenqume ngokuqinile ukuthi ufuna ukuxhumanisa impilo yakhe nowesifazane ongahlangene nebhizinisi lombukiso nesiteji.

U-Kobzon wayephupha ngokunethezeka komndeni, inkosikazi ezithobayo neyomnotho. Lafezeka iphupho lakhe.

U-Kobzon wahlangana nothando lwakhe lweqiniso ekuqaleni kwawo-1970. Ubuhle uNinel Mikhailovna Drizina waba umculi okhethiwe. U-Modest Ninel ukwazile ukuwina inhliziyo ka-Kobzon.

Intombazane yayimncane kuJosefa ngeminyaka engu-13. Wayenezimpande zobuJuda, engumpheki onekhono futhi ehlakaniphile. Umama u-Ida wathanda uNinel ngokushesha, owamazisa futhi wabona umalokazana wesikhathi esizayo entombazaneni.

U-Kobzon noNinel bahlala ndawonye kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1971. Owesifazane wazala uKobzon izingane ezimbili ezimangalisayo - u-Andrei noNataliya.

UJoseph wavuma ezintathelini ukuthi manje useyazi ukuthi luyini uthando lweqiniso, nokuthi iyini induduzo yomkhaya yangempela.

Indodana endala kaKobzon u-Andrey waqala wanquma ukulandela ezinyathelweni zikayise. U-Andrei wayengumshayi wesigubhu kanye nomculi oyedwa weqembu lomculo elithi Uvuko - kanye no-Alexei Romanov no-Andrei Sapunov.

Nokho, ngokushesha waqaphela ukuthi kwakungeyena futhi wangena ebhizinisini. Le nsizwa yayingumsunguli we-nightclub edumile yase-Giusto. Wabe esengena ebhizinisini lezindlu.

Indodakazi encane uNataliya wasebenzela umklami wemfashini odumile u-Valentin Yudashkin. Kamuva washada nomuntu wase-Australia.

Izingane zanikeza uNinel noJoseph abazukulu abayisikhombisa. Ogogo nomkhulu babebakhanukela abazukulu babo.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-Kobzon

1. Esemncane kakhulu uJoseph Kobzon, wakhuluma noStalin ngokwakhe. Nakuba umculi ngokwakhe engathandi ngempela ukukhumbula lokhu.
2. Ngo-1988, u-Iosif Kobzon wahola indawo yokuqala yokufika e-Armenia ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba okwadala umonakalo.
3. Umdwebi wayazi izilimi eziningi. Wazama ukuculela izethameli zakhe okungenani ingoma eyodwa ngolimi lwakhe.
4. Amakhonsathi angu-12 ngosuku - leli irekhodi lomuntu siqu likaJoseph Kobzon, aziqhenya ngalo.
5. Ikhonsathi ende kakhulu yomculi wabantu yathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku. Ukuthi wakubekezelela kanjani kuseyimpicabadala kwabaningi. Phela, akekho owenza lokhu ngaphambi kukaKobzon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhonsathi yayiyedwa.
6. Ubhalwe e-Russian "Book of Records" njengomculi onesihloko esikhulu kakhulu.
7. Isidlo sikaJoseph Kobzon ayesithandayo kwakuyidada namazambane. Lesi sidlo salungiselelwa lo mculi ngunina. Kodwa umkaNinel wapheka amakhekhe amahle kakhulu. Kwakuyi-confectionery uJosefa ayikhumbula.
8. Ngesinye isikhathi uVladimir Vysotsky wacela ukuthenga i-albhamu yakhe uKobzon. Kobzon wenqaba ukwenza lokhu, kodwa wanika Vysotsky ruble 25 lutho. By the way, Joseph Davidovich iqhaza emngcwabeni Vysotsky. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe eduze Vysotsky kwakungekho cishe izihlobo nabangane.
9. Lo mculi uthi umbhalo we-biography uthi “Njengokuphambi kukaNkulunkulu. Izinkumbulo kanye nemicabango, intatheli u-Nikolai Dobryukha eyakhululwa egameni likaKobzon, ayizange ivumelane naye.
10. Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi uKobzon waqala ukubhema eneminyaka engu-14. Nokho, lapho eneminyaka engu-66, wathembisa ukuwuqeda lo mkhuba omubi. UJosefa wasigcina isithembiso sakhe.

Ukugula kuka-Iosif Kobzon

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uKobzon wafaka iwigi eneminyaka engu-35. Umdwebi waqala ukuba nempandla ekuseni kakhulu.

Umama u-Ida ukholelwa ukuthi impandla yendodana yakhe yayibangelwa ukuthi ebuntwaneni kwakungenakwenzeka ukumphoqa ukuba agqoke izigqoko.

Ngo-2005, ulwazi lwaputshuzwa kwabezindaba ukuthi umculi wahlinzwa kanzima ukuze asuse isimila esiyingozi. Lo mculi kwatholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza wesinye.

Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa eJalimane. Ukuhlinzwa okwenziwe kwanciphisa kakhulu ukuzivikela kuka-Kobzon.

Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu nezinso kwenezelwa kulesi sifo. Nokho, umculi wakwazi ukunqoba zonke izinkinga, futhi ngokushesha wangena esigabeni esikhulu.

Ngo-2009, uKobzon waphinde wahlinzwa eJalimane. UJoseph wayengafuni ukuhlala umzuzu owodwa emtholampilo.

Yingakho ngemuva kwesonto lo mculi wabonakala esiteji eJurmala. Okumangazayo ukuthi lo mculi wacula bukhoma. Kwabiza kakhulu.

Ngo-2010, ekhonsathini yakhe eyayise-Astana, Iosif Davidovich waquleka khona lapho esiteji. Umdlavuza nokuhlinzwa kwabangela i-anemia.

U-Kobzon wayazi ukuthi une-anemia yezinga lokugcina. Ngokusho kwalo mculi, akafunanga ukuhlala umzuzu owodwa ekhaya. Ekhaya, ngaphandle kwesiteji, wahlanya ngokoqobo.

Ukufa kukaJoseph Kobzon

Ehlobo lika-2018, ulwazi lwanyatheliswa ukuthi uJoseph uphuthunyiswe esibhedlela kwesinye sezibhedlela enhloko-dolobha.

Umdwebi wabelwa eMnyangweni Wokuhlinza Kwezinzwa. Wayexhunywe kumshini wokuphefumula wokwenziwa. Odokotela babike ukuthi isimo somculi sibhekwa njengesibucayi ngokwedlulele.

Ngo-August 30, 2018, izihlobo zikaJoseph zabika ukuthi umculi ushonile. U-Kobzon uneminyaka engu-80 ubudala.

Kubalandeli bomsebenzi wakhe, lolu lwazi kwaba igalelo elikhulu. Kubonakala sengathi izwe lonke lalikhalela uJoseph Davidovich.

Ukuhlonipha inkumbulo kaKobzon, iziteshi zikahulumeni waseRussia zasakaza amafilimu omlando mayelana nomculi omkhulu.

UJoseph Kobzon, ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, wathi ufuna ukungcwatshwa emathuneni aseVostryakovskoye eduze kukanina.

Ukuvalelisa kumculi kwenzeka eMoscow ngoSepthemba 2, 2018.

Abalandeli bazokhumbula uJoseph Kobzon emamatheka unomphela, enamahlaya amahle kanye ne-baritone yengelosi.

Izingoma zakhe azisoze zaphuma esiteji. Ziyahlatshelelwa, zikhunjulwe, zingunaphakade.