UJean Sibelius ungummeleli okhanyayo wenkathi ye-romanticism sekwephuzile. Umqambi waba negalelo elingenakuphikwa ekuthuthukiseni amasiko ezweni lakubo. Umsebenzi kaSibelius uthuthukiswe kakhulu emasikweni othando lwaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, kepha eminye yemisebenzi ye-maestro yagqugquzelwa yi-impressionism.
Ubuntwana nobusha uJean Sibelius
Wazalelwa endaweni ezimele yoMbuso WaseRussia, ekuqaleni kuka-December 1865. Iminyaka yakhe yobuntwana wayichitha edolobheni elincane laseHämeenlinn.
UJan akazange alujabulele uthando nokunaka kukayise isikhathi eside. Inhloko yomndeni, eyayisebenza embonini yezokwelapha, yashona lapho umfana eneminyaka emithathu ubudala. Umama, kanye nendodana yakhe encane nezingane ezindala, bacwila ezikweletini. Waphoqeleka ukuthi athuthele emzini wabazali bakhe.
USibelius wayekhonze ubuhle bendawo. Wagqugquzelwa yimvelo engathinteki kanye nokuthula okwakubusa kule ndawo. Lapho eneminyaka engu-XNUMX, umama wafundisa indodana yakhe umculo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uYang ubefunda ukudlala upiyano. Wayengathandi ukudlala umculo. U-Sibelius wakhangwa ukuthuthukiswa kusukela esemncane.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukudlala upiyano kwanqamuka ngokuphelele ukumthakasela. Insizwa yacosha ivayolini. Ngemva kokuthola ukuqashelwa njengomdlali we-violinist we-virtuoso, uSibelius uyawushiya lo msebenzi. Ekugcineni uJan wanquma ukuthi ufuna ukuduma njengomqambi.
Indlela yokudala nomculo kaJean Sibelius
Ekupheleni 80s, ithalente abasha nethuba eliyingqayizivele - wathola ilungelo lokuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Austria naseJalimane. Lapha uJan wajwayelana nomsebenzi wabanye abaqambi abavelele. Imisebenzi ye-maestro edumile yamkhuthaza ukuba aqale ngokushesha umsebenzi wezingoma zombhali.
Ngokushesha u-Jan waqeda amaphuzu esethulweni se-symphony yakhe yokuqala. Sikhuluma ngomsebenzi womculo "Kullervo". I-symphony yamukelwa ngokufudumele ngokumangalisayo hhayi kuphela ngabathandi bomculo we-classical, kodwa nangabagxeki abanegunya.
USibelius uthole ukwesekwa ongoti bomculo we-classic. Ngokushesha wethula inkondlo ye-symphonic "Saga" kanye nenguqulo egcwele yekhonsathi ye-overture kanye ne-suite "Karelia". Phakathi nesizini, imisebenzi eyethulwe yadlalwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili.
UJean Sibelius: inani eliphakeme lokuthandwa
Ngokusekelwe emibhalweni kaKalevala, uJan waqala ukuqamba i-opera. Ngenxa yalokho, umqambi akazange awuqede umsebenzi. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-90, i-maestro yaqala ukuqamba i-symphony yakhe yokuqala nezingcezu zokushisekela izwe ze-orchestra.
Ukuqanjwa kanye nokwethulwa kwenkondlo ethi "Finland" kwenza uJan waba iqhawe langempela lesizwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi we-maestro ube nesithakazelo hhayi kuphela ezweni lakubo, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe.
On igagasi ukuthandwa, waya ohambweni olukhulu European, ehlanganisa amazwe "zomculo". Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, i-premiere ye-symphony yesi-2, eyaphinda impumelelo yomsebenzi odlule.
Ukuduma kwakuhambisana nokwenyuka okukhulu kwemali engenayo. U-Yang uchithe imali eningi ngotshwala. Waba umlutha wotshwala. Icala lalingase liphele ngokuhluleka, uma kungenjalo ngenxa yokugula okunzima nokuphazamiseka kwemizwa.
Lesi simo saphoqa uSibelius ukuthi “abophe” ukulutheka. Imisebenzi yomculo ephuma esibayeni sikaYang ngalesi sikhathi ingeyezemfundo. Abalandeli bagcwale umqambi bencoma, bethi “umfanele” kakhulu ukuqamba umculo ngomqondo ocacile.
Abagxeki bomculo bona bancome ama-symphonies wesi-3 nowesine, aqalwa eLondon. Ngo-4, izinkondlo ezimbili zaqala ngesikhathi esisodwa. Sikhuluma ngemisebenzi ye "Bard" ne "Oceanides".
Eminyakeni eyalandela yokuphila kwakhe kokudala, akazange asuke emsebenzini wakhe awuthandayo. I-maestro yakha imisebenzi eminingi efanelekayo. Phakathi kwemisebenzi eyabhalwa u-Jan phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kufanelekile ukugqamisa ama-etudes opiyano, ama-symphonies namaculo omculo. Lapho ugqozi lushiya umqambi, akagcinanga ngokuyeka ukubhala, kodwa futhi wabhubhisa iningi lemisebenzi yakhe.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu yomqambi
Ngenkathi efunda eSikhungweni Somculo, wayevame ukuvakashela umngane wakhe u-Edward Armas Jarnefelt. Wabe esehlangana nodadewabo womngane wakhe - u-Aino. Wathandana nentombazane ebukekayo futhi ngokushesha wayicela umshado. Bakha indlu endaweni enhle, eduze nomfula iTuusula. Kulo mshado kwazalwa izingane ezinhlanu.
Ukuduma kwaba nomthelela ekuziphatheni komqambi. Isiphetho esizolile sika-Aino saphelela lapho. USibelius wayephuza kakhulu, kwathi lapho ethola isifo esidumazayo futhi enikezwa ukuhlinzwa, kwadingeka ayeke ukuphuza utshwala.
Ngonyaka wama-30 wekhulu elidlule, u-Aino noJan bathuthela endaweni yaseHelsinki. Kodwa, phakathi nempi, baphinde bathuthela endlini, abangazange baphinde bayishiye.
Jan Sibelius: amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Isikhathi eside, ubuthakathaka be-maestro busele - utshwala nogwayi. Kwakukhona inani elingenakubalwa lemikhiqizo kagwayi endlini yakhe.
- Ukuzijabulisa okuthandwayo komqambi isikhathi eside kwakuwukuhamba eduze kwase-Ainola, kuhambisana nomsindo wehlathi nokucula kwezinyoni.
- Akazange avumele umndeni wakhe ukuba usebenzise upiyano lwakhe.
Ukufa kukaJean Sibelius
Wafa ngo-September 20, 1957. Ushone elalele i-symphony yesi-5. Imbangela yokufa kwaba ukopha ebuchosheni. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo lokuhlonipha umqambi eHelsinki.
