UJoan Baez ungumculi waseMelika, umbhali wamaculo kanye nosopolitiki. Umculi usebenza ngokukhethekile phakathi kwezinhlobo zabantu kanye nezwe.
Lapho u-Joan eqala eminyakeni engu-60 edlule ezitolo zekhofi e-Boston, imidlalo yakhe yayihanjelwe abantu abangengaphezu kuka-40. Manje uhlezi esihlalweni ekhishini lakhe, ephethe isiginci. Amakhonsathi akhe abukhoma abukwa izigidi zababukeli emhlabeni jikelele.
Ubuntwana nobusha uJoan Baez
UJoan Baez wazalwa ngoJanuwari 9, 1941 eNew York City. Le ntombazane yazalelwa emndenini wesazi sefilosofi esidumile u-Albert Baez. Ngokusobala, isikhundla esisebenzayo sokulwa nempi senhloko yomndeni saba nethonya elinamandla ekubukeni kwezwe kukaJoan.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950, umndeni wathuthela endaweni yaseBoston. Khona-ke iBoston yayiyisikhungo sosiko lomculo wesintu. Eqinisweni, uJoan wabe esethanda umculo, waze waqala ukwenza esiteji, ehlanganyela ezenzakalweni ezihlukahlukene zedolobha.
Ukwethulwa kwe-albhamu yokuqala uJoan Baez
Umsebenzi kaJoan wokucula okhokhelwayo waqala ngo-1959 e-Newport Folk Festival. Ngemva konyaka, i-discography yomculi yagcwaliswa nge-albhamu yokuqala yesitudiyo uJoan Baez. Irekhodi lalungiswa endaweni yokuqopha iVanguard Record.
Ngo-1961, uJoan waqhubeka nohambo lwakhe lokuqala. Lo mculi uvakashele amadolobha amakhulu e-United States of America njengengxenye yohambo. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, isithombe sikaBaez savela esembozweni sikamagazini i-Time. Lokhu kube nomthelela ekwandeni kwesibalo sabalandeli.
I-Time yabhala: “Izwi likaJoan Baez licace njengomoya wasekwindla, elikhanyayo, elinamandla, elingaqeqeshiwe nelijabulisayo le-soprano. Umculi uyakuziba ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwezimonyo, futhi izinwele zakhe ezinde ezimnyama zilenga njenge-drape, zihlukaniswe ebusweni bakhe obumise okwe-alimondi ... ".
Ubuzwe uJoan Baez
UJoan wayeyisakhamuzi esikhuthele. Futhi njengoba esedumile, wanquma ukusiza abantu. Ngo-1962, phakathi nomzabalazo wezakhamizi zaseMelika ezimnyama zokulwela amalungelo omphakathi, umculi wavakashela eNingizimu yaseMelika, lapho ukucwasana ngokobuhlanga kwakusaqhubeka khona.
Ekhonsathini uJoan uthe ngeke acule izethameli kuze kube kuhlezi abamhlophe nabamnyama. Ngo-1963, umculi waseMelika wenqaba ukukhokha intela. Umculi wakuchaza kalula - ubengafuni ukweseka umjaho wezikhali. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, wakha isisekelo esikhethekile sokusiza abantulayo, lapho ayedlulisela khona imali yakhe njalo ngenyanga. Ngo-1964, uJoan wasungula i-Institute for the Study of Nonviolence.
Umculi wabuye waqashelwa ngesikhathi seMpi YeVietnam. Wabe esebamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekulweni nempi. Empeleni, ngenxa yalokhu uJoan uthole ihlandla lakhe lokuqala.
Umculi waseMelika waya ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme. Ukuzijabulisa kukaJoan kwaba ngezinga eliphawulekayo. U-Baez wazuza kuyise ukungabi nandaba nokwenzeka ezweni.
U-Joan waqhubeka enza amathrekhi okubhikisha. Izithameli zilandele umculi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-repertoire yakhe yayihlanganisa izingoma zikaBob Dylan. Omunye wabo - Ukuvalelisa, u-Angelina wakhonza njengesihloko se-albhamu yesikhombisa ye-studio.
Ukuhlolwa komculo ka-Joan Baez
Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960s, izingoma zomculo zika-Joan zithathelwe phezulu. Umculi waseMelika kancane kancane wasuka kumsindo we-acoustic. Ezingomeni zika-Baez, amanothi e-symphony orchestra azwakala kahle. Usebenzisane nabahleli abanolwazi abafana noPaul Simon, uLennon, uMcCartney noJacques Brel.
U-1968 waqala ngezindaba ezimbi. Kwavela ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwamaqoqo omculi kuvinjelwe ezitolo zamasosha e-United States of America. Konke kungenxa yesimo sika-Baez sokulwa nempi.
U-Joan usephenduke ummeli othukuthele wesenzo esingenalo udlame. Baholwa e-US nguMfundisi uMartin Luther King, umholi wamalungelo omphakathi nomngani kaBaez.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, ama-albhamu amathathu omculi afinyelela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "isimo segolide". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umculi washada nesishoshovu sokulwa nempi uDavid Harris.
U-Joan waqhubeka nokuvakasha emhlabeni jikelele. Emakhonsathini akhe, umculi wajabulisa abalandeli hhayi kuphela ngamakhono amahle kakhulu okucula. Cishe yonke ikhonsathi ye-Baez iwubizo olumsulwa lokuthula. Unxuse abalandeli ukuthi bangayi embuthweni, bangathengi izikhali futhi bangalwi “nezitha”.
UJoan Baez wethula ingoma ethi "Natalia"
Ngo-1973, umculi American wethula ingoma emangalisayo "Natalia". Ingoma yayikhuluma ngesishoshovu samalungelo abantu, imbongi uNatalya Gorbanevskaya, owagcina esesibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uJoan wenza ingoma ka-Russian Bulat Okudzhava ethi "Union of Friends".
Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, ikhonsathi yomculi yayizoba eLeningrad. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngobusuku bangaphambi kwenkulumo, izikhulu zendawo zahoxisa ukusebenza kukaBaez ngaphandle kwencazelo. Nokho, umculi wanquma ukuvakashela eMoscow. Ngokushesha wahlangana nabaphikisi baseRussia, kuhlanganise no-Andrei Sakharov no-Elena Bonner.
Engxoxweni noMelody Maker, umculi waseMelika uvumile:
“Ngicabanga ukuthi ngiwusopolitiki ngaphezu komculi. Ngiyathanda ukufunda uma bebhala ngami njenge-pacifist. Angikaze ngiphikisane nabantu abakhuluma ngami njengomculi wesintu, kodwa kusewubulima ukuphika ukuthi umculo uza kuqala kimina. Ukucula esiteji akunqamuki engikwenzela abantu abanokuthula. Ngiyaqonda ukuthi abaningi, ukubeka kancane, bacasulwa ukuthi ngifaka ikhala lami kwezombusazwe, kodwa kuwukungathembeki kimi ukuzenza sengathi ngingumdlali nje ... Folk is a second hobby. Angivamisile ukulalela umculo ngoba okuningi kwawo kubi…”.
U-Baez waba umsunguli we-International Committee for Human Rights. Usaziwayo waseMelika usanda kuklonyeliswa nge-French Legion of Honor ngomsebenzi wezombangazwe. Uthole neziqu zobudokotela ezihlonishwayo emanyuvesi amaningana.
U-Joan Baez akacabangeki ngaphandle kwepolitiki namasiko. Lezi “zinhlamvu” ezimbili ziwugcwalisa ngenjongo yokuphila. U-Baez uthathwa njengomunye wabaculi be-folk-rock ababaluleke kakhulu kanye nommeleli wakhe onepolitiki kakhulu.
Joan Baez namuhla
Umculi waseMelika ubengeke athathe umhlalaphansi. Uphinde wajabulisa abalandeli ngamaphimbo akhe amahle ngo-2020.
Ngesikhathi se-COVID-19, ukuvalelwa yedwa kanye nokuzihlukanisa, u-Joan uculela abantu ku-Facebook. Amakhonsathi amancane okuphulukisa, ukusakazwa komhlaba okufushane ngamazwi esikhuthazo nokweseka - yilokhu umphakathi okudinga kakhulu kulesi sikhathi esinzima.
