Iphayona le-jazz, u-Louis Armstrong waba ngumdlali wokuqala obalulekile ukuvela kulolu hlobo lomculo. Futhi kamuva uLouis Armstrong waba umculi onethonya elikhulu emlandweni womculo. U-Armstrong wayengumdlali wecilongo we-virtuoso. Umculo wakhe, owaqala ngokuqoshwa kwestudiyo sango-1920 awenza ngamaqoqo adumile e-Hot Five kanye ne-Hot Seven, wachaza ikusasa le-jazz ekuthuthukisweni kokudala, okuthinta imizwa.
Kulokhu uhlonishwa ngabalandeli be-jazz. Kodwa u-Armstrong naye waba ngumdlali omkhulu emculweni odumile. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokucula kwakhe okuhlukile kwe-baritone nobuntu obukhangayo. Ukhombise amakhono akhe ochungechungeni lokuqoshwa kwezwi nezindima emafilimini.
Wasinda enkathini ye-bebop yama-40s, ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngawo-50, u-Armstrong wayesethola ukuqashelwa kabanzi njengoba ehamba kulo lonke elase-United States. Yile ndlela athola ngayo isiteketiso esithi "Ambassador Sutch". Ukukhuphuka kwakhe ngeminyaka yama-60s enamarekhodi ashisayo afana ne-"Hello Dolly" eyawina i-Grammy ka-1965 kanye neyakudala yango-1968 ethi "What a Wonderful World" kwaqinisa ifa lakhe njengesithonjana somculo namasiko emhlabeni womculo.
Ngo-1972, unyaka ngemva kokufa kwakhe, wathola i-Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Ngokunjalo, amarekhodi akhe amaningi anethonya elikhulu, afana ne-West End Blues ka-1928 kanye ne-Mack the Knife ka-1955, angeniswe eGrammy Hall of Fame.
Ubuntwana kanye nothando lokuqala lomculo kaLouis Armstrong
U-Armstrong wazalwa ngo-1901 eNew Orleans, eLouisiana. Wakhula kanzima. UWilliam Armstrong, uyise, wayengumsebenzi wefektri owashiya umndeni ngemva nje kokuzalwa komfana. U-Armstrong wakhuliswa ngumama wakhe, uMary (Albert) Armstrong, kanye nogogo wakhe ongumama. Wabonisa isithakazelo esemncane emculweni, futhi umdayisi ayemsebenzela njengomfundi wesikole samabanga aphansi wamsiza ukuba athenge ikhonethi. Kule nsimbi, kamuva uLouis wafunda ukudlala kahle kakhulu.
U-Armstrong washiya isikole eneminyaka engu-11 ukuze ajoyine iqembu elingakahleleki, kodwa ngoDisemba 31, 1912, wadubula isibhamu phakathi nemikhosi kaNcibijane futhi wathunyelwa esikoleni sokuguqulwa. Lapho wafundela umculo futhi wadlala ikhonethi nobuhlalu bengilazi eqenjini lesikole, futhi ekugcineni waba umholi walo.
Wakhululwa ngoJuni 16, 1914 futhi umculi wayesesebenza ngokomzimba, ezama ukuzibonakalisa njengomculi. Wathathwa ngaphansi kwephiko lika-cornetist uJoe “King” Oliver, kwathi lapho u-Oliver ethuthela eChicago ngoJuni 1918, u-Armstrong wamthatha esikhundleni sakhe eqenjini le-Kid Ory. Entwasahlobo ka-1919, wathuthela eqenjini elithi Fate Marable, wahlala noMarable kwaze kwaba sekwindla ka-1921.
U-Armstrong wathuthela eChicago ukuze ajoyine iqembu lika-Oliver ngo-Agasti 1922 futhi wenza ukuqoshwa kwakhe kokuqala njengelungu leqembu entwasahlobo ka-1923. Lapho washada noLillian Harden, owayengumdlali wopiyano eqenjini lika-Oliver, ngoFebhuwari 5, 1924. Wayengowesibili kumakhosikazi akhe amane. Ngosizo lwakhe, washiya u-Oliver wajoyina iqembu likaFletcher Henderson eNew York, wahlala lapho unyaka, wabe esebuyela eChicago ngoNovemba 1925 ukuze ajoyine i-Dreamland Syncopators yomkakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi, washintsha kusuka ku-cornet waya ecilongo.
Louis Armstrong: ukuthola ukuthandwa
U-Armstrong uthole ukunakwa okwanele komuntu ngamunye ukuze enze i-debut yakhe njengomholi ngoNovemba 12, 1925. Ngaphansi kwenkontileka ne-OKeh Records, waqala ukwenza uchungechunge lokuqoshwa kwebhendi kuphela olubizwa nge-Hot Fives noma i-Hot Sevens.
Wacula ekhonsathini nama-orchestra aholwa ngu-Erskine Tate noCarroll Dickerson. Ukuqoshwa kwe-Hot Fives kwe-"Muskrat Ramble" kwanikeza u-Armstrong i-hit ku-Top 1926 ngoJulayi XNUMX. I-Hot Fives iphinde yaveza u-Kid Ory ku-trombone, u-Johnny Dodds ku-clarinet, uLillian Harden Armstrong opiyano, no-Johnny St. Cyr ku-banjo.
NgoFebhuwari 1927, u-Armstrong wayesedume ngokwanele ukuhola iqembu lakhe uLouis Armstrong & His Stompers e-Chicago's Sunset Cafe. U-Armstrong akazange asebenze njengomholi weqembu ngomqondo ojwayelekile, kodwa kunalokho uvame ukunikeza igama lakhe kumaqembu amisiwe. Ngo-Ephreli, wafinyelela phezulu kumashadi ngengoma yakhe yokuqala eqoshiwe ethi "Big Butter and Egg Man", i-duet noMay Alix.
Waba yinkanyezi eyedwa ebhendini likaCarroll Dickerson eSavoy Ballroom eChicago ngoMashi 1928, kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi waba ngumphathi webhendi. Ingoma eyodwa ethi "Hotter Than That" yashaya i-Top 1928 ngoMeyi XNUMX, yalandelwa yi-"West End Blues" ngoSepthemba, kamuva eyaba ngomunye wokuqoshwa kokuqala okuvela eGrammy Hall of Fame.
U-Armstrong wabuyela eNew York neqembu lakhe ukuze baye e-Connie's Inn e-Harlem ngoMeyi 1929. Uphinde waqala ukucula ku-orchestra ye-Broadway revue Hot Chocolates, futhi waduma ngokudlala kwakhe ingoma ethi "Ain't Misbehavin'". NgoSepthemba, ukuqopha kwakhe le ngoma kwangena emashadini, kwaba yingoma ephambili eyishumi.
Louis Armstrong: ukuhamba njalo nokuvakasha
NgoFebhuwari 1930, u-Armstrong wadlala neLouis Russell Orchestra ukuze avakashele eNingizimu, kwathi ngoMeyi waya eLos Angeles, lapho ahola khona iqembu eSebastian's Cotton Club izinyanga eziyishumi ezalandela.
Khona-ke wenza i-debut yakhe efilimini ethi "Ex-Flame", eyakhululwa ekupheleni kuka-1931. Ekuqaleni kuka-1932, wayesesukile kulebula ye-OKeh egxile “komculo wobuhlanga” waya kulebula yakhe yokuqopha egxile kakhulu e-Columbia, aqopha kuyo izingoma ezi-5 eziphezulu: “Chinatown, My Chinatown” kanye nethi “You Can Depend on Me”. kwalandelwa ingoma kaMashi ethi "All of Me" ngoMashi 1932 futhi enye ethi "Love, You Funny Thing" yashaya amashadi ngayo leyo nyanga.
Entwasahlobo ka-1932, u-Armstrong wabuyela eChicago ukuyodlala neqembu elaliholwa nguZilner Randolph; leli qembu labe selizungeza izwe lonke.
NgoJulayi, u-Armstrong wavakashela eNgilandi. Wachitha iminyaka embalwa eyalandela eYurophu, futhi umsebenzi wakhe waseMelika wasekelwa uchungechunge lwemibhalo egciniwe, kuhlanganise namahithi ayishumi aphezulu athi “Sweethearts on Parade” (August 1932; eyaqoshwa ngoDisemba 1930) kanye nethi “Body and Soul” (October 1932; eyalotshwa ngo-Okthoba 1930).
Inguqulo yakhe engcono kakhulu ethi "Hobo, You Can't Ride This Train" yafika phezulu kumashadi ngasekuqaleni kuka-1933. Okukodwa kwaqoshwa kuVictor Records.
Louis Armstrong: buyela e-USA
Lapho umculi ebuyela e-US ngo-1935, wasayina neDecca Records eyayisanda kwakhiwa futhi washeshe washaya ingoma ye-Top Ten ethi: "I'm in the Mood for Love"/"You Are My Lucky Star".
Umphathi omusha ka-Armstrong, uJoe Glaser, umenzele iqembu. I-premiere yenzeke e-Indianapolis ngoJulayi 1, 1935. Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela wayevakashela njalo.
Uphinde wathola uchungechunge lwezindima ezincane kumafilimu. Iqala ngoPennies abavela eZulwini ngoDisemba 1936. U-Armstrong uphinde waqhubeka nokuqopha ezitudiyo zaseDecca. Amahithi aphuma phambili e-Top Ten afaka phakathi “Iculo Lomphakathi Inombolo Yokuqala” (August 1937), “Lapho Abangcwele Bengena Bangena” (April 1939) kanye “Ngeke Waneliseke (Uze Uphule Inhliziyo Yami).” (April 1946) - i-duet yokugcina no-Ella Fitzgerald. U-Louis Armstrong ubuyele e-Broadway emculweni omfushane we-Swingin 'the Dream ngoNovemba 1939.
Izinkontileka ezintsha namarekhodi hit
Ngokuncipha komculo wokushwiba eminyakeni yangemva kweMpi Yezwe II, u-Armstrong wahlakaza iqembu lakhe elikhulu futhi wahlanganisa iqembu elincane elibizwa ngokuthi “Izinkanyezi Zakhe” elaqala ukuvela eLos Angeles ngo-Agasti 13, 1947. Uhambo lokuqala lwaseYurophu kusukela ngo-1935 lwenzeka ngoFebhuwari 1948. Khona-ke lo mculi ubelokhu ezungeza umhlaba wonke.
NgoJuni 1951, umsebenzi wakhe wafinyelela amarekhodi ayishumi aphezulu - iSatchmo eSymphony Hall (isidlaliso sakhe kwakunguSatchmo). Ngakho-ke u-Armstrong uqophe i-10 yakhe yokuqala yokuqala engashadile eminyakeni emihlanu. Bekuyingoma eyodwa ethi "(When We are Dancing) I Get Ideas".
Uhlangothi luka-B lwengoma eyodwa luqukethe ingoma eqoshiwe ethi "A Kiss to Build a Dream On", eculwa ngu-Armstrong efilimini ethi The Strip. Ngo-1993, uthole ukuthandwa okusha lapho umsebenzi wakhe usetshenziswa kwifilimu ethi Sleepless in Seattle.
Umsebenzi ka-Armstrong onamalebula ahlukahlukene
U-Armstrong waqeda isivumelwano sakhe noDecca ngo-1954, ngemva kwalokho umphathi wakhe wenza isinqumo esingavamile sokungasayini inkontileka entsha, kodwa esikhundleni salokho ukuqasha u-Armstrong njenge-freelancer kwamanye amalebula.
Isihloko esithi Satch Plays Fats, inkokhiso ku-Fats Waller, kwakuyirekhodi eliphezulu eli-1955 elaqoshwa e-Columbia ngo-Okthoba 1956. I-Verve Records isayine u-Armstrong ochungechungeni lokuqoshwa no-Ella Fitzgerald, eqala nge-Ella noLouis LP ngo-XNUMX.
U-Armstrong waqhubeka nokuvakasha naphezu kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngoJuni 1959. Ngo-1964, washaya into ecokeme ngokubhala iculo elisihloko sithi Hello, Dolly!, elafinyelela inombolo yokuqala ngoMeyi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho leli culo laba igolide.
U-Armstrong uqophe i-albhamu enegama elifanayo. Lokhu kumtholele i-Grammy ye-Best Vocal Performance. Le mpumelelo yaphindwa emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni emine kamuva. Ngengoma ethi "What a Wonderful World". U-Armstrong wawina inombolo yokuqala e-UK ngo-Ephreli 1968. Ayizange ithole ukunakwa okuningi e-US kwaze kwaba ngu-1987. Leli culo labe selisetshenziswa efilimini ethi Good Morning Vietnam. Ngemuva kwalokho yaba yi-Top 40 hit.
U-Armstrong wadlalwa efilimini yango-1969 ethi Hello, Dolly! Umculi wenze ingoma yesihloko ku-duet no-Barbra Streisand. Waqala ukwenza kancane kancane ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s nasekuqaleni kwawo-70s.
ULouis Armstrong: ukushona kwelanga kwenkanyezi
Lo mculi wabulawa yisifo senhliziyo ngo-1971 eneminyaka engu-69. Ngemva konyaka, waklonyeliswa ngendondo ye-Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
Njengomculi, u-Armstrong wabonwa yizigaba ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele zabalaleli. Abokuqala bekungabalandeli be-jazz abebemhlonipha ngokuqamba izinto ezintsha njengomdlali wezinsimbi. Ngezinye izikhathi babenamahloni ngenxa yokungabi nandaba kwakhe nentuthuko eyalandela ye-jazz. Owesibili abalandeli bomculo we-pop. Babekuthanda ukudlala kwakhe okujabulisayo. Ikakhulukazi njengomculi, kodwa ubengaqapheli ukubaluleka kwakhe njengomculi we-jazz.
Uma ucabangela ukuthandwa kwakhe, umsebenzi wakhe omude kanye nomsebenzi welebula omningi awenzile eminyakeni yamuva nje, kungashiwo ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uwumsebenzi wobuciko ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zomculo.
