UMaurice Ravel ungene emlandweni womculo waseFrance njengomqambi we-impressionist. Namuhla, izingoma ezinhle zikaMaurice zizwakala kumathiyetha angcono kakhulu emhlabeni. Wabuye wazibona njengomqhubi nomculi.
Abamele i-impressionism bathuthukise izindlela nezindlela ezibavumela ukuthi babambe umhlaba wangempela ngokuhambisana nokuhamba nokuhlukahluka kwawo. Lokhu kungenye yezitayela ezinkulu kakhulu kwezobuciko bengxenye yesithathu yokugcina ye-XNUMX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Ubuntwana nobusha
I-maestro ehlakaniphile yazalwa ngo-March 7, 1875. Wazalelwa edolobheni elincane lesifundazwe saseFrance iCiboure. Abazali bakaRavel babengahlanganise lutho nomculo. Ngokwesibonelo, inhloko yomkhaya yayisebenza njengonjiniyela.
Nasi isikhathi esithakazelisayo: ubaba, owayedabuka eSwitzerland, wayengakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle komculo ngisho nosuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wadlala izinsimbi zomculo eziningana. Yiqiniso, wadlulisela amakhono akhe endodaneni yakhe. Umama wakhuliswa kahle. Wazama ukwakha izindinganiso ezifanele zokuphila endodaneni yakhe.
UMaurice wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe eParis, lapho wonke umndeni wathuthela ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana wabo wokuqala. Abazali banquma ukuthuthukisa uthando lwendodana yabo lokusungula, ngakho-ke wafunda izisekelo zomculo, futhi lapho esemusha wangena e-conservatory yendawo. Abaculi abadumile uFaure noBerno bafundisa esikhungweni sethulwe.
Indlela eya esifisweni sokuthola idiploma yaba nzima kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi uMaurice Ravel wayesevele enemibono yakhe ngomculo kanye nokwakhiwa kwezingoma. Akazange angabaze ukuveza umbono wakhe kothisha, okwathi waxoshwa izikhathi eziningana, wabe esebuyiselwa ezinhlwini zabafundi.
Indlela yokudala nomculo womqambi uMaurice Ravel
Uma ungenalo i-prevaricate, futhi uvale amehlo akho kumlingiswa we-Ravel, khona-ke singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi othisha babona ngokushesha i-nugget kuye. Wayengomunye wabafundi abanekhono kakhulu emfuleni wakhe, ngakho waba ngaphansi kokuqeqeshwa kukaFauré okhaliphile.
Umeluleki waqala ukusebenza eduze nomfundi, futhi ngokushesha indalo emangalisayo yomculo yaphuma ngaphansi kwepeni lakhe. Abathandi bomculo bangaleso sikhathi phakathi kwezingoma ezethulwe ikakhulukazi bamukele ngokufudumele "i-Antique Minuet".
U-Ravel uthole uthando lwakhe lwangempela lokubhala umculo ngemuva kokuba nenhlanhla yokukhuluma no-Erika Satie. Waduma ngokuthi "ubaba" we-Impressionism, ukuhlukunyezwa komculo, umsebenzi wakhe wahlala uvinjelwe isikhathi eside.
Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni samabanga aphansi, wasebenza kanzima. Kwaphela iminyaka engaba ngu-15, wakha imisebenzi emisha ngokungakhathali, kodwa, ngeshwa, akakwazanga ukuduma endaweni ebanzi. Uhlulekile ukudlulisa imicabango yakhe emphakathini. Umculo we-maestro uphendule kumathrendi anikeziwe. Kodwa, abantu besikhathi sakhe bajikijelwa iqiniso lokuthi izingoma zazinongwe ngobuhle be-impressionist.
Indlela entsha ye-maestro yabacasula kakhulu abamele lokho okubizwa ngesikole samabanga aphezulu. U-Ravel uzame izikhathi eziningana zilandelana ukuhlola ithalenta lakhe emncintiswaneni woMklomelo WaseRoma owawufiswa, kodwa isikhathi ngasinye ukunqoba kwakuya kumuntu ohlukile. Omunye umzamo wokushiya umncintiswano njengomnqobi washintsha kakhulu impilo yomqambi kuphela, kodwa waletha izinguquko ezithile emhlabeni womculo waseParis.
Ukuduma kuka-Maestro
Lapho uRavel efaka isicelo somncintiswano, wenqatshwa. Abahleli baphikisana ngokuthi imingcele yobudala ayivumeli i-maestro ukuthi ibambe iqhaza emncintiswaneni. Kuvele ukuthi yilabo baculi abangakafiki eminyakeni engu-30 kuphela abangabamba iqhaza kulo mqhudelwano. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayengakakwazi ukugubha usuku oluyindilinga. Ucabange ukuthi ukwenqaba lokho akuzange kuhambisane nemithetho emisiwe.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kwaqubuka ihlazo elinamandla, eligcine lidalule inqwaba yokukhwabanisa kwamalungu ejaji. Iphezulu ku-Academy of Arts yasuswa esikhundleni sakhe, futhi indawo yakhe yathathwa owayenguthisha kaRavel, uGabriel Foret.
Ngokumelene nesizinda salezi zenzakalo, umqambi ngokwakhe waphenduka iqhawe langempela. Ukuthandwa kwakhe kwaqala ukukhula ngamandla nsuku zonke, futhi isithakazelo ekudaleni sasikhula ngamandla. Kwaqubuka impikiswano yangempela ngalobu buntu obungacacile. Imisebenzi ehlakaniphile ye-maestro yayizwakala yonke indawo kumathiyetha angcono kakhulu emhlabeni. Baqala ukukhuluma ngaye njengomunye wabameleli agqamile impressionism.
Ubuhlakani obunciphile
Lapho kuqala iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, wanciphisa umsebenzi wakhe wokudala. Wayefuna ukuya phambili, kodwa abamthathanga ngenxa yesiqu sakhe esifushane. Ekugcineni, wafakwa enkonzweni. Uzobhala ngalesi sikhathi ezincwadini zakhe zesikhumbuzo.
Ngemuva kokuqala kokuthula, uRavel waqala ukubhala imisebenzi yomculo. Yiqiniso, manje waqala ukusebenza kolunye uhlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, waqamba ethi The Tomb of Couperin, futhi wahlangana mathupha noSergei Diaghilev.
Ukwazana kwakhula kwaba ubungane obuqinile. U-Ravel waze wabhala ukuhambisana nomculo wemikhiqizo eminingana ye-Diaghilev - uDaphnis noChloe noWaltz.
Isiqongo sokuduma uMaurice Ravel
Ngalesi sikhathi, inani eliphakeme lokuthandwa komqambi liyehla. Udumo lwakhe seludlule isikhathi eside ngalé kwendabuko yakhe yaseFrance, ngakho wahamba uhambo lwaseYurophu. Wamukelwa ngehlombe emadolobheni amakhulu. I-maestro yasondela ngemiyalo ngabameleli abadumile bomhlaba womculo. Ngokwesibonelo, wabhala i-orchestration ye-Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures e-Exhibition yomqhubi u-Sergei Koussevitzky.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uqamba umsebenzi we-orchestra ye-Bolero. Qaphela ukuthi namuhla lo msebenzi ubhekwa njengenye yemisebenzi ethandwa kakhulu ye-Ravel. Umlando wokubhala "Bolero" ulula futhi unelukuluku. I-ballerina edumile yaphonsa umqondo wokubhala umsebenzi kumqambi. Ngenkathi esebenza kumaphuzu, i-maestro yabhalela u-Koussevitzky ukuthi ayinalo uhlobo nentuthuko. Umphumela uxhumeke kahle okwakudala nesigqi somculo we-Spanish.
Ngemva kokwethulwa kwe-Bolero, ukuthandwa kwe-maestro kwanda ngokuphindwe kashumi. Babhala ngaye emaphephandabeni ase-Europe, abaqambi abancane babukela kuye, abalandeli abakhathalelayo bafuna ukumbona ezweni labo.
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwe-maestro ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ikhiqiza. Wasebenza kancane. Ngo-1932, lapho esohambweni lwaseYurophu, waba sengozini enkulu yemoto. Wathola ukulimala okuningi okwakudinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside nokuvuselelwa. Umsebenzi wokugcina womqambi kwaba umsebenzi "Izingoma Ezintathu", ayibhalela ngokukhethekile Fyodor Chaliapin.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu
Wayengathandi ukukhuluma ngempilo yakhe yangasese. Kuze kube namuhla, akwaziwa ukuthi i-maestro yayinezothando nabameleli bobulili obuhlukile. Akashiyanga ndlalifa ngemuva kwakhe. UMaurice akazange ashade nabesifazane ayebazi.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngoMaurice Ravel
- Umaskandi ayemthanda kakhulu kwakunguMozart. Wajabula futhi walalela imisebenzi emihle ye-maestro.
- Ukusebenza "Bolero" kuthatha imizuzu engu-17.
- Ngenxa yokungabi bikho kolwazi ngabesifazane, ababhali bomlando wokuphila kwakhe basikisela ukuthi wabonisa isithakazelo emadodeni. Kodwa asikho isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni salokhu.
- Wayengakuthandi ngempela ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo. Ukuqamba izingoma kwamlethela injabulo eyengeziwe.
- I-maestro iqambe ikhonsathi yepiyano yesandla sobunxele.
Ukufa komqambi omkhulu
Ngonyaka wama-33 wekhulu elidlule, kwatholakala ukuthi unesifo esibi sezinzwa. Ngokusho kodokotela, lesi sifo savela ngokumelene nesizinda sokulimala okutholwe engozini yemoto. Ngemva kweminyaka emine, wahlinzwa ubuchopho. Kodwa, kwabonakala kuyingozi. Wafa ngoDisemba 4, 28.
