UMikhail Verbitsky uyingcebo yangempela yase-Ukraine. Umqambi, umculi, umbhidisi wekhwaya, umpristi, kanye nombhali womculo weculo lesizwe lase-Ukraine - waba negalelo elingenakuphikwa ekuthuthukiseni amasiko ezwe lakubo.
"UMikhail Verbitsky ungumqambi wamakwaya owaziwa kakhulu e-Ukraine. Imisebenzi yomculo ye-maestro "Izhe Kherubi", "UBaba Wethu", izingoma zezwe "Sipha, ntombazane", "Poklin", "De Dnipro ingeyethu", "Zapovit" zingamaparele omculo wethu wamakhwaya. Izingoma zomqambi, lapho ehlanganisa khona ubuciko besintu kanye nezitayela zesimanje, kuwumzamo wokuqala omuhle womculo we-symphonic wase-Ukraine e-Ukraine…” kubhala uStanislav Lyudkevich.
Ifa lokudala lomqambi
Enye yamagugu ayigugu kakhulu isiko Ukraine. UMikhail ungomunye wabamele isikole somqambi kazwelonke. Izinga eliphakeme lemisebenzi yomculo ka-Verbitsky, ubuciko bokuqamba izingoma kumnika ilungelo lokumbiza ngomqambi ochwepheshe wokuqala waseNtshonalanga Ukraine. Wabhala ngegazi lenhliziyo yakhe. UMichael uwuphawu lwemvuselelo kazwelonke yase-Ukraine eGalicia.
UMikhail Verbitsky: Ubuntwana nobusha
Usuku lokuzalwa lukaMaestro lungoMashi 4, 1815. Iminyaka yakhe yobuntwana wayichitha edolobhaneni elincane laseJavornik-Ruski eduze kwasePrzemysl (ePoland). Wakhulela emndenini wompristi. Inhloko yomndeni yashona lapho uMikhail eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isihlobo esikude, uVladyka John wasePrzemysl, ubelokhu emkhulisa.
UMikhail Verbitsky wafunda e-lyceum, bese e-gymnasium. Wayenekhono lokufunda isayensi ehlukahlukene. Wabamba yonke into empukaneni. Lapho uMbhishobhi John esungula ikhwaya esontweni lasePrzemysl, futhi kamuva isikole somculo, uMichael wajwayelana nomculo.
Ngo-1829, kwaqala ukusebenza kwekwaya, ngokuhlanganyela kukaVerbitsky. Ukucula kwalaba baculi kwamukelwe kahle yizithameli nezicukuthwane zakuleli. Ngemva kokwamukela okunjalo okufudumele, uJohn umema umqambi odumile u-Alois Nanke esikhungweni semfundo.
Ngemva kokuba uMikhail engena ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kukaNanke, wembula amakhono akhe omculo. U-Verbitsky waqaphela ngokuzumayo ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa nokuqamba kwamkhanga.
Iculo lekwaya lidlale indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni amakhono ka-Verbitsky okuqamba. I-repertoire yekwaya yayihlanganisa imisebenzi engafi ka-J. Haydn, Mozart, kanye ne-maestro yase-Ukraine u-Berezovsky no-Bortnyansky.
Imisebenzi engokomoya Bortnyansky kwaba nethonya elikhulu umculo Western Ukraine.
Imisebenzi ye-maestro nayo yathakazelelwa nguMikhail, owadonsela ekuthuthukisweni. Ngalesi sikhathi, umculo wesonto lase-Ukraine wawubusa umculo we-monophony. Bortnyansky wakwazi ukwethula polyphony professional emisebenzini yakhe.
Imfundo esikoleni sobufundisi
Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, uMikhail Verbitsky wangena Lviv Theological Seminary. Ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu, wakwazi ukucula isiginci. Le nsimbi yomculo izohambisana no-Verbitsky ngezikhathi ezimnyama kakhulu zokuphila kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wathatha isikhundla sokuba umqondisi wekhwaya.
Ngalesi sikhathi waqamba izingoma eziningi ezinhle kakhulu zesiginci. Esikhathini sethu, "Umyalelo weKhitara" ugcinwe. U-Verbitsky wayengumphefumulo wenkampani. Waxoshwa izikhathi eziningana e-Lviv Conservatory ngenxa yezingoma ezingalawuleki. Akazange esabe ukuveza owakhe umbono, okuyinto ayejeziselwa yona ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Lapho exoshwa esikhungweni semfundo okwesithathu, akazange aqhubeke. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesenomkhaya nesidingo sokondla izihlobo zakhe.
Uphendukela emculweni wokholo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, waqamba i-Liturgy ephelele yekwaya exubile, esazwakala nanamuhla emasontweni amaningi ezweni lakubo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wethula enye yezingoma ezaziwa kakhulu - "Ingelosi Vopiyashe", kanye nezinye izingoma eziningi.
UMikhail Verbitsky: Impilo yaseshashalazini
Ekupheleni kwawo-40, impilo yaseshashalazini yathuthuka kancane kancane. Ku-Verbitsky, lokhu kusho into eyodwa - uqala ukubhala izingoma zomculo eziningana zokudlala. Izinombolo ezazidlalwa esiteji sezinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ezihamba phambili eLviv naseGalicia, ingxenye enkulu, zahunyushwa zisuka kumdlalo weshashalazi wase-Ukraine nezincwadi, futhi zisuka kusiPolishi, isiFulentshi.
Umculo wadlala indima ebalulekile esiteji. Udlulise isimo semidlalo futhi wagcwalisa izigcawu zomuntu ngamunye ngomzwelo. UMikhail uqambe izingoma ezihambisana nomculo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili. Awukwazi ukuziba indalo yakhe "Verkhovyntsi", "Kozak i hunter", "Protsikha" futhi "Zhovnir-charivnik".
Izinkanuko zezombangazwe ezazibusa endaweni yase-Ukraine zaba nomthelela eqinisweni lokuthi inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yase-Ukraine yaphela futhi yathakazelisa umphakathi wendawo. UMichael wayengasenalo ithuba lokudala.
Ngo-49, kwamiswa iqembu lemidlalo yaseshashalazini ePrzemysl. UMikhail ubhalwe ohlwini lwabaqambi kanye nomlingisi. Waqhubeka nokuqamba imisebenzi yomculo.
Ekupheleni kwe-40s, waqamba umculo wombhalo ka-Ivan Gushalevich "Ukuthula makube nani, bazalwane, siletha konke." Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, e Lvov, izishoshovu zendawo wahlela yaseshashalazini "Ingxoxo Russian". Etiyetha ethulwa, u-Verbitsky uqamba i-melodrama egqamile ethi Pidgiryan.
Izigaba main lokusungula UMikhail VerbitskHewu
Njengoba umqambi ngokwakhe eshilo, umsebenzi wakhe ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: imisebenzi yomculo yesonto, umculo waseshashalazini nomculo we-salon. Endabeni yokugcina, uVerbitsky wayazi ukuthi hlobo luni lomculo abantu besikhathi sakhe ababefuna ukuzwa. Ukuze ube wusizo emphakathini - yilokho uMichael ayekufuna. Umbhali wakhe wokuqala, uSidor Vorobkevich, ukhumbula izingoma ezicula yedwa ezingamashumi amane ezihambisana nesiginci nezinye eziningi ezihambisana nopiyano.
Ngenxa yezimo ezinzima zempilo, akakwazanga ukuthola ubupristi isikhathi eside. UMikhail kwadingeka ahoxise izifundo zakhe izikhathi eziningana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waphoqeleka ukuba asuke kwesinye isigodi aye kwesinye izikhathi eziningana. Ngo-1850 kuphela lapho ephothula khona eLviv Seminary futhi waba umpristi.
Iminyaka eminingana wakhonza endaweni encane Zavadov Yavorovsky. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uzalelwa izingane ezimbili - indodakazi nendodana. Maye, indodakazi yashona isewusana. U-Verbitsky wayecasuke kakhulu ngokulahlekelwa indodakazi yakhe. Wacindezeleka.
Ngo-1856, wakhonza e-Intercession Church, eliseMlyny (manje eyiPoland). Lapho, wathatha isikhundla sokuba umpristi ongumGreki wamaKatolika. Kulapha lapho achitha khona iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uMikhail Verbitsky waphila kabi kakhulu. Naphezu kwezikhundla ezihlonishwayo ngaleso sikhathi, ifa elicebile lomculo - Verbitsky alizange lixhaswe. Akazange afune ingcebo.
Umlando wokudalwa kwe-National Anthem yase-Ukraine
Ngo-1863, waqamba umculo ezinkondlweni zembongi yase-Ukraine uP. Chubinsky "I-Ukraine ayikakafi." Umlando wokwakhiwa kwehubo waqala ngonyaka odlule. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho uPawulu aqamba khona le nkondlo okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla.
Cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokubhala inkondlo, umngane Chubinsky, Lysenko, wabhala ihambisana zomculo evesini. Umculo obhaliwe wazwakala endaweni yase-Ukraine isikhathi esithile, kodwa awuzange usakazwe kabanzi. Kodwa kuphela ekubhaleni ngokubambisana kukaVerbitsky noChubynsky iculo lasungulwa enkumbulweni yabantu base-Ukraine.
Ngemva kokuqhakaza kwempilo yase-Ukraine yokushisekela izwe nangokomoya, eminyakeni yama-60 yekhulu le-XIX, komunye womagazini i-Lviv, inkondlo ethi "i-Ukraine ayikakafi" yanyatheliswa. Leli vesi lahlaba umxhwele uMikhail ngokukhanya kwalo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthanda izwe. Ekuqaleni wabhala umculo wokucula yedwa ohambisana nesiginci, kodwa ngokushesha wasebenza kanzima ekuqanjweni, futhi wawufaneleka ngokuphelele ukudlala kwekwaya egcwele.
"I-Ukraine ayikafi" ihlukaniswa nobubanzi bokuqonda isiphetho somlando wabantu base-Ukraine. Njengeculo lesizwe, ucezu lomculo lwaqashelwa izimbongi zase-Ukraine.
UMikhail Verbitsky: Imininingwane yokuphila kwakhe siqu
Kuyaziwa ukuthi wayeshade kabili. Owesifazane wokuqala owakwazi ukuhlobisa inhliziyo yomqambi wayengum-Austrian othakazelisayo okuthiwa uBarbara Sener. Maye, usheshe washona.
Ngokushesha washada okwesibili. Kuze kube muva nje, bekukholelwa ukuthi unkosikazi wesibili wayengumFulentshi. Kodwa lokhu kucabanga akuzange kuqinisekiswe. Ngeshwa, unkosikazi wesibili naye akazange aphile isikhathi eside. Wabeletha indodana Verbitsky, umbhangqwana okuthiwa Andrey.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngoMikhail Verbitsky
- Insimbi yomculo ayintandokazi kaMikhail yisiginci.
- Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe okufushane waqamba ama-rhapsodies angu-12, ama-symphonic overtures angu-8, amakhwaya amathathu kanye nama-polonaise ambalwa.
- Ababhali bomlando wokuphila kwakhe bayaqinisekisa ukuthi wayephila ngobumpofu. Ngokuvamile kwakunama-apula etafuleni lakhe. Izikhathi ezinzima kakhulu zafika ekwindla-ebusika.
- Wayephupha ngokuqamba umculo wezinkondlo zikaTaras Shevchenko.
- UMichael waba umpristi ukuze athuthukise isimo sakhe sezimali. Ukukhonza uNkulunkulu kwakungelona ubizo lwakhe.
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kukaMikhail Verbitsky
Kuze kube yizinsuku zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe, akazange ashiye ibhizinisi lakhe eliyinhloko - waqamba imisebenzi yomculo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMikhail wabhala izihloko futhi wahlanganyela emisebenzini yokufundisa.
Uchithe iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe eMlyny. Wafa ngoDisemba 7, 1870. Ngesikhathi efa, umqambi wayeneminyaka engu-55 kuphela ubudala.
Okokuqala, isiphambano se-oki esivamile safakwa ethuneni lomqambi odumile. Kodwa phakathi neminyaka engama-30 yekhulu elidlule, isikhumbuzo samiswa endaweni yokungcwaba Verbitsky.
