U-Niccolò Paganini waduma njengomshayi-vayolini nomqambi we-virtuoso. Bathi uSathane udlala ngezandla zomhlola. Lapho ethatha ithuluzi ezandleni zakhe, yonke into eyayimzungezile yaba yiqhwa.
Abantu besikhathi sikaPaganini bahlukaniswa baba amakamu amabili. Abanye bathi babhekene nengwazi yangempela. Abanye bathi uNiccolò ungumkhohlisi ojwayelekile okwazile ukukholisa umphakathi ukuthi unekhono.
Umlando wokudala kanye nempilo yomuntu siqu ka-Niccolò Paganini inezimfihlo nezimfihlakalo eziningi. Wayengumuntu ozifihlayo futhi engathandi ukuxoxa ngemininingwane yempilo yakhe.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umqambi odumile u-Niccolò Paganini wazalwa ngo-1782 emkhayeni ompofu. Abazali babekhathazeke kakhulu ngempilo yosana olusanda kuzalwa. Iqiniso liwukuthi wazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Odokotela abazange banikeze ithuba lokuthi ingane izosinda. Kodwa kwenzeka isimangaliso. Umfana ozalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi akagcinanga ngokululama, kodwa futhi wajabulisa umndeni ngobuhlakani bakhe.
Ekuqaleni, inhloko yomkhaya yayisebenza ethekwini, kodwa kamuva yavula esayo isitolo. Umama wanikela ukuphila kwakhe konke ekukhuliseni izingane. Kuthiwa ngolunye usuku owesifazane waphupha ingelosi eyamtshela ukuthi indodana yakhe inekusasa eliqhakazile kwezomculo. Lapho etshela umyeni wakhe ngephupho, akazange acabangele ukubaluleka kwalo.
Kwakunguyise owafaka kuNiccolo uthando lomculo. Wayevame ukudlala i-mandolin futhi enze umculo nezingane. UPaganini Jr. akazange athathwe yileli thuluzi. Wayethanda kakhulu ukudlala ivayolini.
Lapho uNicolo ecela uyise ukuba amfundise ukudlala ivayolini, wavuma ngokushesha. Ngemva kwesifundo sokuqala, umfana waqala ukudlala insimbi yomculo efanele.
Ukukhula kukaPaganini kwadlula kanzima. Lapho uyise ebona ukuthi umfana wayeyidlala kahle ivayolini, wamphoqa ukuba ahlale ezilolongela. U-Niccolo waze wabalekela amakilasi, kodwa uyise wathatha izinyathelo ezinzima - wamncisha ukudla. Izifundo ze-violin ezikhathazayo ngokushesha zazenza bazizwa. U-Paganini Jr. waba ne-catalepsy. Lapho odokotela befika emzini kaNiccolò, babikela abazali ngokufa kwendodana yabo. Ubaba nomama, ababenenhliziyo ebuhlungu, baqala ukulungiselela umcimbi womngcwabo.
Ukuphenduka okungalindelekile
Kwenzeka isimanga emngcwabeni - uNiccolo wavuka wahlala ebhokisini lezinkuni. Kuthiwa bekunenqwaba yokuquleka emcimbini womngcwabo. Lapho uPaganini eseluleme, ubaba waphinda wanika indodana yakhe ithuluzi. Yiqiniso, manje umfana wayengafundi nesihlobo, kodwa nothisha oqeqeshiwe. Wafundiswa ukuphawula komculo nguFrancesca Gnecco. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wabhala ingoma yakhe yokuqala. Ngesikhathi kudalwa i-sonata ye-violin, wayeneminyaka engu-8 kuphela ubudala.
Edolobheni lesifundazwe lapho uNiccolo achitha khona ebuntwaneni bakhe, kwakukhona amahemuhemu okuthi emndenini wakwaPaganini kwakukhuliswa ubuhlakani bangempela bomculo. Umdlali wevayolini obaluleke kakhulu wedolobha wathola ngalokhu. Wavakashela kwaPaganini ukuze aqede la mahemuhemu. Lapho uGiacomo Costa ezwa ithalenta elincane lidlala, wajabula. Wachitha izinyanga eziyisithupha ukuze adlulisele ulwazi namakhono akhe kumfana.
Indlela yokudala yomqambi u-Niccolò Paganini
Amakilasi no-Giacomo amzuzise ngempela osemusha. Akagcinanga ngokucebisa ulwazi lwakhe, kodwa futhi wahlangana nabanye abaculi abanamakhono. Ku-biography yokudala yePaganini kwakukhona isigaba somsebenzi wekhonsathi.
Ngo-1794, ukusebenza kokuqala kukaNicolo kwenzeka. I-debut yenzeke ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, uMarquis Giancarlodi Negro waba nesithakazelo kumqambi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ubengumuntu othanda umculo wakudala. Lapho i-marquis ithola ngesikhundla sikaPaganini kanye nezimo lapho "idayimane" elinjalo linyamalala khona, wathatha le nsizwa ngaphansi kwephiko lakhe.
AbakwaMarquis babenentshisekelo ekuthuthukisweni okwengeziwe kwesigceme sakhe esinekhono. Ngakho-ke, wakhokha lo mfana ngezifundo zomculo ezifundiswa yi-cellist Gasparo Ghiretti. Wakwazi ukufundisa uPaganini indlela ekhethekile yokuqamba izingoma. Le nqubo ayizange ihlanganise ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zomculo. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaGaspard, i-maestro yaqamba amakhonsathi amaningana e-violin kanye namafugue ambalwa wepiyano.
Isiteji esisha emsebenzini womqambi u-Niccolò Paganini
Ngo-1800, kwaqala isiteji esisha ku-biography yokudala ye-maestro. Usebenze ekubhaleni izingoma ezibucayi, ezagcina zingeza ohlwini lwamahithi omhlaba ongafi. Wabe esebamba amakhonsathi amaningana eParma, okwathi ngemva kwalokho wamenyelwa esigodlweni sikaDuke Ferdinand waseBourbon.
Inhloko yomndeni, ebonile ukuthi igunya lendodana yakhe liyaqina, yanquma ukusebenzisa ithalenta layo. Ngendodana yakhe, wahlela ikhonsathi enkulu eNyakatho ye-Italy.
Amahholo ayekhuluma kuwo uPaganini ayeminyene. Izakhamizi ezihloniphekile zedolobha zize ekhonsathini ka-Niccolo zizozizwela mathupha i-violin yakhe enhle kakhulu. Kwakuyisikhathi esinzima empilweni ye-maestro. Ngenxa yokuvakasha, wayekhathele. Kodwa, naphezu kwazo zonke izikhalo, ubaba waphikelela ngokuthi uhambo lungayeki.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umqambi wayenesimiso esimatasa kakhulu sokuvakasha, futhi waqamba nobuciko bobuciko be- capriccios. "I-Caprice No. 24", eyabhalwa nguPaganini, yenza uguquko emhlabeni womculo we-violin. Ngenxa yezingoma, abantu bethule izithombe ezigqamile. I-miniature ngayinye eyadalwa nguNicolo yayikhethekile. Imisebenzi ivuse imizwa ehlukene kumlaleli.
Umculi wayefuna inkululeko. Uyise wayelinganisela izifiso zakhe, ngakho wanquma ukungakhulumi naye. Kulokhu inhlanhla imoyizele umqambi. Wanikezwa indima yomdlali wevayolini wokuqala eLucca. Wavuma ngenjabulo, ngoba wayeqonda ukuthi isikhundla sasiyosiza ukuba kude nenhloko yomkhaya.
Lesi siqephu sempilo yakhe usichaze emakhulwini akhe. UPaganini wachaza ngenjabulo kangangokuthi wayeqala ukuphila yedwa kangangokuthi akekho owayengabaza ubuqotho bakhe. Ukuphila ngokuzimela kwaba nomthelela omuhle emsebenzini wakhe. Ikakhulukazi, amakhonsathi ayevutha kakhulu. Kube khona nezinguquko empilweni yami siqu. I-Paganini yaqala ukugembula, ukuhamba kanye nokuba nezigigaba zocansi.
Impilo ngeminyaka yawo-1800
Ngo-1804 wabuyela eGenoa. Ezweni lakubo elingokomlando, wabhala i-violin nesiginci sonatas. Ngemva kokuphumula isikhashana, waphinde waya esigodlweni Felice Baciocchi. Eminyakeni emine kamuva, umqambi waphoqeleka ukuba athuthele eFlorence kanye nabanye abaholi. Wachitha cishe iminyaka engu-7 esigodlweni. Kodwa ngokushesha uPaganini waqaphela ukuthi wayebonakala eboshiwe. Futhi wanquma ukushiya "ikheji legolide".
Wafika esigodlweni egqoke okokapteni. Lapho ecelwa ngesizotha ukuba agqoke izingubo ezivamile, wenqaba ngesibindi. Ngakho, udadewabo kaNapoleon wamxosha uPaganini esigodlweni. Ngaleso sikhathi, ibutho likaNapoleon lanqotshwa amasosha aseRussia, ngakho-ke iqhinga elinjalo likaNiccolo lingabiza okungenani ukuboshwa, ukubulawa okukhulu.
Umculi wathuthela eMilan. Wavakashela yaseshashalazini "La Scala". Lapho wabona umdlalo othi "The Wedding of Benevento". Wakhuthazwa kakhulu yilokho akubona kangangokuthi ngobusuku obubodwa nje wenza ukuhlukahluka kwe-violin ye-orchestra.
Ngo-1821 waphoqeleka ukuba amise umsebenzi wakhe wekhonsathi. Ukugula kuka-maestro kwaba kubi kakhulu. Wezwa ukuza kokufa. Ngakho-ke, wacela unina ukuba eze ukuze azovalelisa kuye. Lapho lona wesifazane efika eNicolo, wayengakwazi ukubona indodana yakhe. Wenza imizamo emikhulu yokubuyisela impilo yakhe. Umama wayisa iPaganini ePavia. Umdlali wevayolini welashwe uCiro Borda. Udokotela wanikeza ukudla kwe-maestro kanye namafutha agcotshwe nge-mercury esikhumbeni.
Njengoba imithi ngaleso sikhathi yayingathuthukisiwe, udokotela wayengazi ukuthi isiguli sakhe sasikhathazeke ngezifo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Noma kunjalo, impatho yamsiza. Umculi walulama kancane, futhi ukukhwehlela kuphela kwasala ne-maestro kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu
Ngeke kushiwo ukuthi uNicolo wayeyindoda evelele. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzange kumvimbe ekubeni isizinda sokunakwa kwabesifazane. Kakade eneminyaka engu-20 ubudala, uPaganini wayenenkosikazi yenhliziyo, okwathi ngemva kwamakhonsathi, wathatha le nsizwa waya endaweni yakhe ukuze uthole injabulo yenyama.
U-Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi uyintombazane yesibili engazange nje yebe inhliziyo ye-maestro futhi ibe inqolobane yakhe, kodwa futhi yasondeza iPaganini esigodlweni. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwentsha bebulokhu bunezinkinga kancane. Naphezu kwalokhu, uthando olwaluphakathi kwabo alukwazanga "ukuthuliswa". Intombazane yaphefumulela umqambi ukuthi adale "Caprice No. 24" ngomoya owodwa. Ezifundweni, i-maestro yabonisa imizwa ayenayo ngo-Eliza - ukwesaba, ubuhlungu, inzondo, uthando, intshiseko nokudelelwa.
Lapho ubuhlobo no-Eliza buphela, wahamba nohambo olude. Ngemva komdlalo, uPaganini wahlangana no-Angelina Kavanna. Wayeyindodakazi yomthungi ojwayelekile. Lapho u-Angelina ethola ukuthi uPaganini wayezofika edolobheni, wangena ehholo wangena ngemuva kwesiteji. Wathi wayesekulungele ukukhokhela umqambi ubusuku obuchithe naye. Kodwa uNicolo akazange athathe imali kulo wesifazane. Wayemthanda. Intombazane yabaleka yalandela isithandwa sayo yaya kwelinye idolobha, ingamazisanga ngisho uyise ngenhloso yayo. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, kwatholakala ukuthi wayekhulelwe.
Ngemva kokuba uNicolo ethole ukuthi owesifazane wakhe wayelindele ingane, wenza isinqumo esingesona esihle kakhulu. Umculi wathumela intombazane kuyise. Inhloko yomndeni isole uPaganini ngokuhlanekezela indodakazi yakhe wabe eseyimangalela. Ngenkathi kuqhubeka, u-Angelina wakwazi ukuzala ingane, kodwa ngokushesha usana lwashona. UNicolo kwakusadingeka akhokhele umndeni imali yokunxephezela umonakalo wokuziphatha.
Ukuzalwa kwendlalifa
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, wabonakala ebuhlotsheni no-Antonia Bianca othakazelisayo. Bekuwubudlelwano obuyinqaba kunabo bonke. Owesifazane wayevame ukukopela indoda enamadoda amahle. Futhi akazange akufihle. Wachaza ukuziphatha kwakhe ngokuthi uPaganini wayevame ukugula, futhi wayentula ukunakwa kwabesilisa. U-Niccolo naye waba nobuhlobo bobulili nobulili obuhle. Kwabaningi, kwahlala kuyimfihlakalo ukuthi yini eyagcina lo mbhangqwana undawonye.
Ngokushesha, izibulo lazalwa othandekayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayephupha ngendlalifa, ngakho uPaganini wamukela ulwazi mayelana nokukhulelwa nokuzalwa komntwana ngentshiseko enkulu. Lapho indodana yakhe izalwa, uNicolo wangena emsebenzini. Wayefuna ukunikeza ingane yonke into edingekayo ukuze ibe khona evamile. Lapho indodana ineminyaka engu-3 ubudala, abazali bakhe bahlukana. UPaganini uthole ilungelo lokukhulisa ingane ngezinkantolo.
Ababhali bomlando kaMaestro bathi uthando olukhulu lukaPaganini kwakungu-Eleanor de Luca. Wathandana nowesifazane ebusheni bakhe, kodwa akakwazanga ukuhlala ethembekile kuye. U-Nicolo wahamba, waphinde wabuyela ku-Eleanor. Wamukela isithandwa esinenkanuko, ngisho ethembekile kuye.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomqambi u-Niccolò Paganini
- Wayengomunye wabaculi nabaqambi abacashile bangaleso sikhathi. U-Niccolo akazange abelane ngezimfihlo zokudlala i-violin nanoma ubani. Wayengenabo abafundi futhi wazama ukugcina abangani bakhe beseduze. Kuthiwa ubehlala esiteji kuphela.
- Kuyaziwa ukuthi uPaganini wayeyindoda yokugembula kakhulu. Umdlalo wamthakazelisa kakhulu kangangokuthi wayengalahlekelwa imali eningi.
- Abantu bakubo bathi wenza isivumelwano noSathane. La mahemuhemu adala ukuqagela okuningi okuhlekisayo. Konke kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi uPaganini wayenqatshelwe ukudlala emasontweni.
- Wayethanda ukuxabana. Lapho umaestro ephikisene ngokuthi angakwazi ukudlala intambo eyodwa kuphela. Yebo, wayinqoba ingxabano.
- Esiteji, umculi wayengenakuvinjelwa, kodwa empilweni evamile wayeziphatha ngendlela engavamile. UPaganini wayephazamiseke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile wayekhohlwa amagama, kanye nezinsuku ezididekile nobuso.
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila komqambi u-Niccolò Paganini
Ngo-1839 umculi wanquma ukuvakashela Genoa. Lolu hambo lwalungelula kuye. Iqiniso liwukuthi wayenesifo sofuba. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, wahlushwa ukuvuvukala kwamaphethelo aphansi kanye nokukhwehlela okukhulu. Akazange aphume ekamelweni. Lesi sifo sayilimaza impilo yakhe. Wafa ngoMeyi 27, 1840. Ngesikhathi eshona wayephethe ivayolini ngezandla.
Abefundisi bebandla bebengafuni ukudlulisa isidumbu salo mculi emhlabeni. Isizathu salokhu kwakuwukuthi akazange avume ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Ngenxa yalokhu, isidumbu sikaPaganini sashiswa, futhi inkosikazi ethembekile yenhliziyo, u-Eleanor de Luca, yangcwatshwa umlotha. Kukhona enye inguqulo yomngcwabo we-maestro - isidumbu somculi sangcwatshwa eVal Polcevere. Futhi eminyakeni engu-19 kamuva, indodana kaPaganini yaqinisekisa ukuthi izinsalela zesidumbu sikayise zingcwatshwa emathuneni aseParma.
