UNikolai Leontovich, umqambi odumile emhlabeni. Ubizwa ngokuthi akekho omunye ngaphandle kweBach yase-Ukraine. Kungenxa yobuciko bomculi ukuthi ngisho nasemakhoneni akude kakhulu eplanethi njalo ngoKhisimusi ingoma ethi "Shchedryk" izwakala. Leontovich akazange nje ahlanganyele ekuqambeni izingoma zomculo ezihlakaniphile. Ubuye aziwe njengomqondisi wekhwaya, uthisha, nomuntu okhuthele emphakathini, umbono wakhe wawuvame ukulalelwa.
Ebuntwaneni umqambi Nikolai Leontovich
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo uNikolai Leontovich iyidolobhana elincane laseMonastyrok enkabeni ye-Ukraine (isifunda saseVinnitsa). Lapho, wazalelwa ebusika 1877. Uyise wayengumfundisi wendawo. Ukuba nemfundo zomculo, kwaba Dmitry Feofanovich Leontovich owafundisa indodana yakhe ukudlala isiginci, cello kanye violin. Unina kaLeonovich, uMaria Iosifovna, naye wayengumuntu wokudala. Izwi lakhe belithakaselwa indawo yonke. Wenza kahle kakhulu ezothando nezingoma zomdabu. Kwakuyizingoma zikanina, azilalela kusukela ezalwa, ezanquma isiphetho somqambi esikhathini esizayo.
Isifundo
Ngo-1887, u-Nikolai wathunyelwa e-gymnasium edolobheni laseNemirov. Kodwa, njengoba izifundo zazikhokhwa, ngemva konyaka abazali kwadingeka bakhiphe indodana yabo esikhungweni semfundo ngenxa yomshado wezimali. Uyise wamfaka esikoleni samabanga aphansi esontweni. Lapha u-Nikolai wayesekelwa ngokugcwele. Le nsizwa yangena ngokuphelele esifundweni sokuqanjwa komculo. Abangane nokuzijabulisa babengenasithakazelo esincane kumqambi wesikhathi esizayo. Izinyanga ezimbalwa kakade, wamangaza othisha bakhe, efunda kalula izingxenye zomculo zamakhwaya eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni sesonto ngo-1892, uLeotovich wathumela imibhalo yokungena esikoleni sobufundisi sedolobha laseKamenets-Podolsky. Lapha wafunda kahle upiyano kanye nezisekelo zetiyori zokucula ikwaya. Futhi ezifundweni zokugcina, u-Nikolai Leontovich usevele wabhala amalungiselelo ezingoma zomdabu zase-Ukraine. Ukuze uthole isampula, wathatha umsebenzi wesithombe sakhe u-Nikolai Lysenko.
U-Nikolai Leontovich: izinyathelo zokuqala zokudala
U-Nikolai Leontovich waphothula esikoleni sokufundela ubufundisi ngo-1899. Wabe esesebenza ezikoleni zasemaphandleni. Wayazi mathupha ukuthi kunzima kanjani ngemindeni empofu ukufundisa izingane zayo. Ngakho-ke, wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze izingane zasemakhaya zithole ithuba lokufunda. Ngaphezu kokufundisa, Leontovich njalo ngcono imfundo yakhe zomculo.
Bakha i-orchestra ye-symphony. Amalungu ebhendi acula izingoma zabaqambi baseRussia nabase-Ukraine. Umsebenzi we-orchestra waphefumulela umqambi nomqhubi osemusha ukuba enze iqoqo lokuqala lezingoma "Kusuka ku-Podolia" (1901). Umsebenzi waba impumelelo enkulu. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kweminyaka engu-2, ngo-1903, ivolumu yesibili yezingoma yakhululwa, eyanikezelwa Nikolai Lysenko.
Ukuthuthela kukaLeotovich eDonbas
Ngo-1904, umqambi wanquma ukuthuthela eMpumalanga Ukraine. Lapho uthola uguquko luka-1905. Ngesikhathi sokuvukela, uLeontovich akami eceleni. Uqoqa abantu abahlakaniphile abamzungezile, ahlele iqembu labahlabeleli labasebenzi umsebenzi walo okuwukucula ngesikhathi semibuthano. Imisebenzi enjalo yomqambi yakhanga ukunaka kweziphathimandla futhi, ukuze angabhali ejele, uLeotovich wabuyela ezweni lakubo. Uqala ukufundisa umculo esikoleni sesifundabhishobhi. Kodwa akayeki ukuthuthukisa njengomqambi.
Uya kumculi owaziwayo ngaleso sikhathi u-Boleslav Yavorsky. Ngemva kokulalela umsebenzi Leontovich, olukhanyayo umculo uthatha Nikolai ukufunda. U-Nikolai uvame ukuya eKyiv naseMoscow eyobona uthisha wakhe. KwakuseKyiv ngo-1916 lapho u-Yavorsky wasiza uLeontovich ukuhlela ikhonsathi enkulu, lapho "Shchedryk" yenziwa khona okokuqala ngohlelo lomqambi osemusha. Eminye imisebenzi yenziwa, njengokuthi "Pivni sing", "Umama wayenendodakazi eyodwa", "Dudaryk", "Inkanyezi ivukile", njll. Umphakathi waseKiev wazisa kakhulu imisebenzi kaLeontovich. Lokhu kwakhuthaza umqambi ukuthi aqambe imiculo eyengeziwe.
Nikolai Leontovich: ukuphila e-Kyiv
Lapho amandla e-Ukraine People's Republic esungulwa, uLeotovich wakwazi ukufika enhloko-dolobha yase-Ukraine. E-Kyiv wamenywa ukuba asebenze njengomqhubi, futhi afundise e-Nikolai Lysenko Music and Drama Institute. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umculi usebenza e-conservatory, lapho ehlela khona imibuthano lapho wonke umuntu engafunda khona. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubhala imisebenzi yomculo ngenkuthalo. Ezinye zazo zazifakwe ohlwini lwamaqembu abantu kanye nabezimfundamakhwela.
Ngo-1919 Kyiv wathunjwa amasosha Denikin. Njengoba uLeontovich ezibheka njengongqondongqondo wase-Ukraine, kwadingeka abaleke enhloko-dolobha ukuze agweme ukucindezelwa. Ubuyela esifundeni saseVinnitsa. Lapho uthole isikole sokuqala somculo edolobheni. Ngokuhambisana nokufundisa, ubhala umculo. Kusukela ngaphansi kwepeni lakhe ngo-1920 kufika i-opera yezinganekwane ethi "On the Mermaid Easter".
Imfihlakalo yokubulawa kukaNikolai Leontovich
Izinkulungwane zezincwadi zanikezwa ekufeni komqambi onekhono. Ngo-January 23, 1921, u-Nikolai Leontovich wadutshulwa wabulawa endlini yabazali bakhe edolobhaneni laseMarkovka, esifundeni saseVinnitsa. Wabulawa yinxusa labakwaCheka ngokwemiyalelo yeziphathimandla. Umculi owaziwayo kanye nomuntu okhuthele womphakathi, owakhuthaza isiko lase-Ukraine futhi waqoqa izihlakaniphi emsebenzini wakhe, wayengathandeki kumaBolshevik. Kuphela ngemva kokumenyezelwa kokuzimela kwe-Ukraine eminyakeni engu-90 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, uphenyo lokubulala lwaqala kabusha. Kwavela amaqiniso amaningi amasha nolwazi olwahlukaniswa phakathi nombuso wamaKhomanisi mayelana neqiniso lokubulala.
Ifa lomqambi
U-Nikolai Leontovich wayeyingcweti yama-choral miniatures. Izingoma ekuhlelweni kwakhe awenziwa e-Ukraine kuphela. Ziculwa yi-diaspora yase-Ukraine emhlabeni jikelele. Umqambi washintsha ngokoqobo umphefumulo wengoma ngayinye, wayinika umsindo omusha - yaphila, yaphefumula, yakhipha ulwandle lwamandla. Ukusetshenziswa kokushintshashintsha kwe-timbre ezinhlelweni zakhe kungesinye isici somqambi. Ivumele ikhwaya ukuthi iveze konke ukuvumelana kanye ne-polyphony yomculo ngesikhathi sokudlalwa kwengoma.
Mayelana nesihloko, singaphezu kokuhlukahluka - isiko, isonto, umlando, nsuku zonke, amahlaya, umdanso, umdlalo, njll. Umqambi wabuye wathinta isihloko esinjengomculo wokulila wesintu. Ingalandelwa emisebenzini ethi "Bathwala i-Cossack", "Iqhwa lindiza ngemuva kwentaba" nabanye abaningi.
