UMykola Lysenko wenza umnikelo ongenakuphikwa ekuthuthukiseni isiko lase-Ukraine. ULysenko watshela umhlaba wonke ngobuhle bezingoma zomdabu, wembula amandla omculo wombhali, futhi wema emsuka wokuthuthukiswa kobuciko bemidlalo yaseshashalazini yezwe lakubo. Umqambi ungomunye wabokuqala abahumusha i-Kobzar ka-Shevchenko futhi wenza kahle izinhlelo zezingoma zomdabu zase-Ukraine.
Ubuntwana bukaMaestro
Usuku lokuzalwa lomqambi lungoMashi 22, 1842. Wazalelwa edolobhaneni elincane Grinki (Poltava esifundeni). I-maestro evelele yayivela emndenini wezinduna zakudala zaseCossack uLysenko. Inhloko yomndeni yayiphethe isikhundla sika-Colonel, futhi unina wayevela emndenini wabanikazi bomhlaba.
Abazali babefuna ukunikeza izingane zabo imfundo enhle. Hhayi umama wakhe kuphela, kodwa futhi imbongi edumile Fet wahlanganyela esikoleni uNikolai. Wayekhuluma izilimi eziningana zakwamanye amazwe, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, wayewuthanda kakhulu umculo.
Lapho umama ebona ukuthi indodana yakhe iwuthanda kangakanani umculo, wamemela uthisha womculo endlini. Wayengenandaba nezinkondlo zase-Ukraine. Imbongi eyintandokazi kaLysenko kwakunguTaras Shevchenko. Wayazi ngekhanda izinkondlo ethandwa kakhulu Taras Grigorievich.
UMykola wayenothando olukhethekile lwezingoma zomdabu zase-Ukraine. Ugogo wakhe wayevame ukucula izingoma zomculo ekhaya, okwaba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni indlebe kaLysnok yomculo.
Ngemva kokuqeda isikole sasekhaya, uNikolai wathuthela eKyiv. Lapha le nsizwa yafunda ezindlini eziningi zokuhlala. Ngokuvamile, izifundo zikaLysenko zazilula.
U-Nikolay Lysenko: Iminyaka yobusha
Ngo-1855 waba umfundi ohlonishwayo Kharkov Gymnasium. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, wathola indondo yesiliva esikhungweni semfundo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umatasa emculweni. Ezweni laseKharkov, wayaziwa njengomculi othembisayo.
Wayedlala umculo emabholeni nasemaphathini. ULysenko wenza ngobuciko imisebenzi yabaqambi abadumile bakwamanye amazwe ezilalelini ezinzima. U-Nikolai akazange akhohlwe mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwendikimba yezingoma zendabuko zaseRussia. Nalapho, wacabanga ngomsebenzi womculi nomqambi.
Ngemva kokuphothula i-gymnasium, waba umfundi e-Kharkov Imperial University, ezikhethela i-faculty yesayensi yemvelo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, abazali bakhe bathuthela Kyiv. U-Nikolai waphoqeleka ukuba ashintshele eyunivesithi yendawo. Waphothula esikoleni ngo-1864. Ngemva konyaka, wathola i-PhD kusayensi yemvelo.
Umcabango wokuthola imfundo yomculo awuzange umshiye isikhathi eside. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, wanquma ukungena eLeipzig Conservatory. Khumbula ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi i-conservatory yayibhekwa njengesikhungo semfundo esingcono kakhulu eYurophu. Kungaphakathi kwezindonga zalesi sikhungo lapho ebona khona ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuziqambela umculo ohambisana nesiko lakhe, hhayi nje ukukopisha imisebenzi yezingqalabutho zakwamanye amazwe.
U-Nikolai waphumelela e-Conservatory nge-honours. Ngemva kwalokho, wanquma ukubuyela Kyiv. Wanikeza leli dolobha iminyaka engamashumi amane. Wayezibandakanya ekuqambeni izingoma, ukufundisa kanye nemisebenzi yomphakathi. Kwaphela iminyaka embalwa waphoqeleka ukuba athuthele enhloko-dolobha yezamasiko eRussia ukuze athuthukise amakhono akhe emkhakheni wezinsimbi ze-symphonic. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-70s, i-maestro yathatha isikhundla njengothisha wepiyano e-Institute of Noble Maidens.
Igalelo esikweni lase-Ukraine
Ngo-1904, iphupho le-maestro lagcwaliseka. Iqiniso wukuthi wasungula isikole somculo nedrama. Khumbula ukuthi lesi yisikhungo sokuqala semfundo endaweni yase-Ukraine, esanikeza imfundo ephakeme yomculo ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-conservatory.
I-maestro isebenze ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomculo. Wanaka ngokukhethekile ukucutshungulwa kwezingoma zomdabu zase-Ukraine. Inqubomgomo ye-tsarist, ngaleso sikhathi eyayidlangile endaweni yase-Ukraine, ayizange ivimbele umqambi ukuthi enze isikhundla mayelana nesimo solimi lwakhe lwendabuko ekudaleni umculo. Ku-repertoire ye-maestro, kwabhalwa umsebenzi owodwa kuphela ngesiRashiya.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yomculo ethandwa kakhulu umqambi kukhona ama-operas Taras Bulba, Natalka Poltavka no-Aeneid. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wathonywa imisebenzi Shevchenko. Ubhekwa ngokufanelekile ngokuthi "ubaba" womculo wesintu wase-Ukraine. Indima ebalulekile kulolu daba ayizange idlalwe kuphela ngokuqamba, kodwa futhi nge-ethnographic.
Ngenxa yokuthi wazama ukukhuthaza ulimi lwesi-Ukraine, washushiswa abameleli baseRussia beziphathimandla ze-tsarist. U-Nikolai waboshwa izikhathi eziningana, kodwa iziphathimandla zazingenaso nesisodwa isizathu sokugcina umqambi evalelwe.
Ababhali bomlando wokuphila kwakhe bathi umgomo kaLysenko kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe wokudala kwakuwukuhola abantu base-Ukraine abalula baphume ebuphofini nasebumnyameni obuphelele, baye ezweni elibanzi nelibanzi laseYurophu.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-Maestro's Ukrainian Suite iwucezu lokuqala lomculo oluhlanganise kahle amasiko okudansa ase-Europe kanye nobuciko besintu base-Ukraine. Imisebenzi kaLysenko manje isizwakala kumathiyetha angcono kakhulu emhlabeni.
Imininingwane yokuphila komuntu siqu kwe-maestro u-Nikolai Lysenko
Impilo yomuntu siqu ye-maestro ingabizwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi iyathakazelisa futhi inezigigaba. Njengoba uLysenko wayengeyena umuntu wokugcina e-Kyiv, abameleli bobulili obubuthakathaka babenesithakazelo kuye.
UTeklya uyintombazane yokuqala eyacwila emphefumulweni wakhe. Ngendlela, u-Nikolai akazange athande kuphela ubuhle base-Ukraine, kodwa nomfowabo. Intsha ayizange iyilwele intombi yakhe. Kamuva, umqambi wanikezela ucezu lomculo ku-Tekla.
I-maestro edumile yahola intombazane okuthiwa u-Olga O'Connor yehla endleleni. E-Ukraine, intombazane nomndeni wayo yaphela ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlasela kwamaNapoleon. Ngendlela, wayengehlukile emantombazaneni ase-Ukraine, ama-Irish ngemvelaphi.
Wayemncane kuNikolai ngeminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, wayengumshana wakhe. Wayenezwi elinamandla le-soprano. Lo mbhangqwana washada ngo-1868, futhi wahamba ndawonye waya eLeipzig. Endaweni entsha, u-Olga wathatha izifundo zomculo. Kamuva, wathweswa iziqu eSt. Petersburg Conservatory, futhi wenza izingxenye zezwi emdlalweni owuchungechunge womyeni wakhe. Lapho eqala ukuba nezinkinga ngezwi lakhe, wayefundisa ukucula.
Kuvele ukuthi ukulahlekelwa izwi akuyona inkinga enkulu. U-Olga wayegula ngengqondo. Wayenokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo, ecindezelekile, futhi isimo sakhe sengqondo sasivame ukudangala kunokuba sihle. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, owesifazane wayengakwazi ukuba nabantwana. U-Olga noNikolai, ngemva kweminyaka engu-12 beshadile, banquma ukuhlakazeka, nakuba isehlukaniso esisemthethweni singazange senzeke. Khona-ke ukuqedwa komshado kwakudinga umzamo omkhulu nesikhathi kumlingani.
Ngokushesha wahlangana Brunette ebukekayo okuthiwa Olga Lipskaya. Abantu abasha bahlangana ekhonsathini yaseLysenko eChernigov. Lo wesifazane washaya umculi ngobuhle bakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubecula futhi edweba kahle kakhulu. U-Nikolai uzobiza intombazane ngokuthi "isandla sakhe sokunene".
U-Nikolai Lysenko: Ukuphila nomfazi womphakathi kanye nothando olusha
Babenobudlelwano obunzima. U-Olga wayeka ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wakhe futhi, njengokungathi, wayesethunzini le-Lysenko ethandwayo. Wazikhethela yena hhayi isiphetho sowesifazane esijabulisa kakhulu. U-Olga akakwazanga ukuba ngumfazi osemthethweni ka-Nikolai, futhi ukuze abelethe ingane evela ku-maestro, kwadingeka abaleke eKiev.
U-Olga wanikezela uLysenko iminyaka engu-20. Akazange amthathe njengomfazi osemthethweni, kodwa ngandlela thize, wamzalela izingane eziyisi-7. Maye, bahlanu kuphela abasindile. Owesifazane washona lapho ebeletha okokugcina. Ngaleso sikhathi, waqamba imisebenzi yomculo ngentshiseko, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezingaqondakali akazange anikele ingoma eyodwa kulo wesifazane.
Wayesengaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 lapho ephinda ethandana. Kulokhu, wakhetha intombazane eyayimncane ngeminyaka engama-45 kuye. I-maestro ayizange ihlazeke nakancane ngomehluko omkhulu kangaka ngeminyaka.
Wathandana nomfundi wakhe, ogama lakhe kwakungu-Inna. Kwakuwubudlelwano obuyinqaba empilweni yakhe yonke. Abazali bentombazane abazange bavumelane nobuhlobo, futhi intombazane ayizange ikwazi ngisho nokuhlala ndawonye, kodwa yaqhubeka nokuchitha isikhathi noLysenko.
Qaphela ukuthi zonke izingane zikaLysenko zilandela ezinyathelweni zikayise odumile. Bazikhethela umsebenzi wokudala. Indodana encane, ogama layo lalinguTaras, yayibhekwa njengengane enekhono kakhulu. Le nsizwa yayidlala cishe zonke izinsimbi zomculo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ne-maestro
- Phakathi nesikhathi sokuqedwa kwe-serfdom, umndeni wakhe ocebile walahlekelwa. Kodwa, ngandlela thile, uLysenko wakwazi ukuzitholela ukuphila okuhle. Ngalezo zindinganiso, wayephila ngokucebile, kodwa akazange aqongelele imali.
- Namuhla, inzalo yakudala yase-Ukraine iyaphila emigqeni emithathu: i-Ostap, i-Galina ne-Maryana. Umndeni uhlonipha inkumbulo yesihlobo esidumile.
- UMikhail Staritsky, owabhala "Chasing Two Hares", ungumzala wesibili kaNikolai.
- Wabhala i-polka yakhe yokuqala eneminyaka eyishumi.
- Ukuphila kwakhe konke wayehlanganyela emsebenzini wamakhwaya.
- Ngemva kokushona komngane wakhe u-Olga, u-Lysenko wacela umlingani wakhe osemthethweni ukuba enze zonke izingane zibe semthethweni.
Ukufa komqambi wase-Ukraine Nikolai Lysenko
Washona ngokuzuma. Ababehamba nabo kade bazi ukuthi uhlushwa izinhlungu endaweni yenhliziyo. Ngo-October 24, 1912, wayesezofunda. Kodwa ukuphila kwenze okwako ukulungisa. Wamelwa inhliziyo. Ngemva kwesigamu sehora, umqambi wayengasekho.
Umzimba we-maestro wangcwatshwa kuphela ngosuku lwe-5 ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Isidumbu somqambi sihlala emathuneni ase-Baikove. Kwabuthana inani elingelona iqiniso labantu emcimbini womngcwabo. Lezi kwakuyizihlobo, abangani kanye nabathanda umsebenzi kaLysenko.
