Ubizwa ngokuthi umqambi nomculi "ohlwini lokudutshulwa". U-Nikolai Zhilyaev waduma ekuphileni kwakhe okufushane njengomculi, umqambi, uthisha, nomphakathi. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, waqashelwa njengegunya elingenakuphikiswa.
Iziphathimandla zazama ukuqeda umsebenzi wakhe emhlabeni, futhi ngezinga elithile waphumelela. Kuze kube ngawo-80, bambalwa kuphela abazi mayelana nemisebenzi Zhilyaev. Imisebenzi yobungcweti kaNikolaev ifundisa (ukuqamba), izifundo zombhalo kanye nokuhlelwa komculo.
Ebuntwaneni futhi intsha Nikolai Zhilyaev
Usuku lokuzalwa lukaMaestro lungo-Okthoba 6, 1881. Wazalelwa endaweni yaseKursk. Cishe akukho lutho olwaziwa mayelana neminyaka yobuntwana kaNikolai. Okucacayo wukuthi uphuma emndenini ojwayelekile.
Kusukela esemncane ubewuthanda umculo. Esemusha, u-Nikolai udlala ngenkuthalo izinsimbi zomculo eziningana. Isiphiwo kanye nesifiso sokuthuthukisa ngo-1896 wamletha enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia - eMoscow.
Sekuyiminyaka emithathu le nsizwa ithatha izifundo ngokuvumelana, i-polyphony yesitayela esiqinile, i-fugue kanye nefomu lomculo kusuka ku-S.I. Taneeva. Zhilyaev wayengomunye wabafundi abanamakhono kakhulu uthisha.
Wakhangwa ukuthuthukiswa, ngakho-ke washeshe wahlanganyela ezinsimbini ngaphansi kokuqondisa okuqinile kwe-Konyus. UNikolay akakwazanga ukucabanga impilo yakhe ngaphandle komculo. Othisha njengomunye babikezela ikusasa elihle lomculo ngaye.
Ngokushesha wathola iziqu eMoscow Conservatory. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elisha, waqamba i-Overture yokuqala, kanye ne-Scherzo ye-string quartet. Njengomsebenzi wokuhlola, umqambi wethula i-cantata "Samsoni".
Ngendlela, wahlanganisa izifundo zakhe e-conservatory kanye nokufundisa. Ngakho, wafundisa umculo indodana nomzukulu womlobi Russian Leo Tolstoy. Futhi, i-philanthropist eyaziwayo uMorozova, kanye ne-Marshal yesikhathi esizayo yeSoviet Union, uM.N. Tukhachevsky, beza emakilasini akhe.
Isebenza nguNikolai Zhilyaev
Lapho u-Nikolai Zhilyaev ezethula njengomngane omusha, wathi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wayengowokuqala umqambi, futhi ngemva kwalokho umculi. Umpetha wadlala upiyano ne-ogani ngekhono.
Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, wakwazi ukushicilela izingcezu ezimbalwa zomculo. Umsebenzi omningi awuzange ufinyelele abantu ababephila ngaleso sikhathi. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, abalandeli bomsebenzi kaZhilyaev bakwazi ukujabulela izingcezu aziqambela upiyano ne-violin, zezwi nopiyano.
Umsebenzi womqambi wathonywa kakhulu yi-maestro yangaphandle uGrieg. Ukuze ajwayelane nesithombe sakhe, u-Nikolai waya ngokukhethekile eNorway. Wakwazi ukuvakashela umqambi. Lolu hambo aluzange lubangele ukwazana okujabulisayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nasekufundweni kolimi lwesiNorway.
Ngemva kokufika evela eNorway, wathatha i-pseudonym yokudala ethi Peer Gynt. Ngokunokwenzeka, iqiniso lothando oluvuthayo lwezingoma zikaGrieg lathonya isinqumo sokuthatha igama elinjalo. Ngaleli gama usayine ezakhe izincwadi. Isikhathi esithile, u-Nikolai wasebenza ephephandabeni lendawo, ebukeza imisebenzi yabaqambi baseSoviet. Zhilyaev wathuthukisa ulwazi lwakhe kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Wayengumuntu ofunde ngokujulile futhi azi izilimi ezi-5.
Iminyaka eminingana wakhonza njengomhlaziyi womculo encwadini eyaziwa kakhulu yesiRashiya ethi Golden Fleece. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wanyathelisa izihloko isazi emagazini "Moscow Weekly" futhi "Music".
U-Nikolai Zhilyaev wayenguchwepheshe kumanothi we-notographic. Izihloko zakhe zanyatheliswa emaphephandabeni athi "To New Shores", "Modern Music", "Musical Nov" namanye. Ngombono wakhe wochwepheshe, "wahamba" ngezingoma zabantu bakubo. Wayethanda umsebenzi kaProkofiev, Shostakovich, Alexandrov, Scriabin.
Ngalesi sikhathi uhamba kakhulu. Zhilyaev wavakashela hhayi kuphela amadolobha amaningi wombuso wakhe, kodwa futhi wavakashela Austria, Germany, Norway. Iziphathimandla azizange zisazise isifiso sikaNikolai sokufunda umhlaba.
U-Nikolai Zhilyaev: ukungena esikhundleni sombhali wezincwadi endlunkulu kaTukhachevsky
Ngo-1911 waba yingxenye yomphakathi "we-Music and Theoretical Library". Zhilyaev - eduze ubambisana umqambi Scriabin. Uyamsiza ukuthi ahlele ezinye zezingcezu. Elindele ukufa kwakhe okwakuseduze, u-Alexander wanquma ukuphathisa uNikolai ingxenye yomsebenzi.
Ukujwayelana eduze noScriabin kwamvumela ukuba avakashele indlu yomqambi eMoscow. Wavakashela u-Alexander endaweni yakhe yokugcina izinto futhi waba ngomunye wabokuqala ukulalela ama-sonatas asekupheleni kwengoma eyenziwe ngumbhali.
Phakathi neMpi Yombango, wasebenza endlunkulu ka-M. N. Tukhachevsky, ethatha isikhundla sombhali wezincwadi. Kamuva, uzokhokha ngokugcwele ngokuba nohlobo oluthile lokuxhumana noMikhail Nikolaevich.
Kusukela maphakathi nawo-30 ekhulwini elidlule waqala ukuxhumana eduze Shostakovich. Ubuhlobo obuseduze phakathi kwabaqambi babuxhunyaniswe ngokungenakuqhathaniswa negama likaTukhachevsky okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, ubungane bakhe babulala uNikolai.
Umsebenzi wokuhlela - wawuthatha ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sokusebenza sikaNikolai. Ubeyilungu lebhodi labahleli bomkhakha weGosizdat. Ufakwe ohlwini njengombhali wemibhalo eqoshiwe yepiyano i-Allegro ngu-A. Scriabin (umsebenzi washicilelwa ekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-20 ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi Symphonic Poem for Orchestra). Ngaphezu kwalokho, washicilela i-C. Debussy's Symphony (1933), ayiqamba esemncane.
UZhilyaev ungumbhali wezincwadi eziningi zomlando womculo. Akunakwenzeka ukungasho umsebenzi wakhe odume kakhulu, awubhala no-N.A. I-Metlov. Imayelana "Nesifundi Somculo".
Phakathi neminyaka yama-20 yekhulu elidlule, wamiswa njengomfundisi eMoscow Conservatory. Wanikeza isikhungo semfundo iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi u-Nikolai wafundisa izifundo zethiyori zabafundi abaqambi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, uZhilyaev uzofundisa ukwakheka kwamahhala kuphela.
U-Nikolai Zhilyaev: ukuboshwa komqambi
Lapho umculi efika ku-Nina Fedorovna Teplinskaya, ngaleso sikhathi owayephethe isikhundla somqondisi wezincwadi. Wacela ukugcina amarekhodi athile. Ngaleso sikhathi, abaqambi nabaculi abaningi ababesaba ukugcina imibhalo yesandla ekhaya benza lokhu. I-maestro yayikholelwa ukuthi umtapo wolwazi uwukuphela kwendawo lapho amarekhodi ezohlala ephephile. Wathembisa uTeplinskaya ukuthi uzobuya maduze ... kodwa lowo bekuwumhlangano wabo wokugcina.
Ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, waboshwa yi-People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs yeSoviet Union. UNicholas wayesolwa ngemisebenzi ephikisana nezinguquko kanye nobunhloli. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinsolo ezinjalo "zithungwe" kubantu abaningi base-USSR. I-NKVD yashaqa inqolobane yakhe kanye nomtapo wolwazi omkhulu - izincwadi nomculo.
Waboshwa "ngecala laseTukhachevsky". U-Nikolai wawela emfundweni ye "hit lists" eyangena kumkhuba we-People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs ye-USSR ngemuva kuka-December 1, 1934 (ukubulawa kuka-S.M. Kirov).
Inkomba: "Icala laseTukhachevsky" yicala elibhekene namacala eqembu labaholi bezempi baseSoviet abaholwa nguMarshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky lokuhlela itulo lezempi lokuthatha amandla.
Igama lomuntu olahle umqambi u-A.A. U-Kovalensky - wanqunywa eMbhikishweni Womshushisi Jikelele we-USSR ecaleni likaZhilyaev. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, lowo owayegxeka lo mculi naye wadutshulwa.
Ngemva konyaka wagwetshwa intambo. Isigwebo senziwa ngosuku lwesigwebo. Eminyakeni yama-60 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, icala laphinde lahlolwa. Wafa ngoJanuwari 20, 1938. Ekupheleni kuka-April 1961 Zhilyaev ivuselelwe ngokugcwele.
